M.

TECH – CAD/CAM
CAM LABORATORY

CAM LAB – (12BCM17)

INDEX

EXPT
DATE TOPIC PAGE NO
NO.
INTRODUCTION 02-09

CNC LATHE

1. FACING CYCLE 11-12

2. TURNING CYCLE 13-14
3. THREADING CYCLE 15-16
4. DRILLING CYCLE 17-18
5. GROOVING CYCLE 19-20
CNC MILLING
LINEAR & CIRCULAR INTERPOLATION
6. (SVCET)
22-24
7. MIRRORING 25-26
8. ROTATION 27-28
9. CIRCULAR POCKETING 29-30
10. RECTANGULAR POCKETING 31-32

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INTRODUCTION
WORD DETAILS:

Although the control will, in general, accept part programming words in any
sequence, it is recommended that the following word order for each block is used.
N; G; X or U; Z or W; I; K; F; S; T; M

O: PROGRAM NUMBER
The “O” followed by a 4 digit numeral value is used to assign a program number.

Example:
O1002

N: SEQUEMCE NUMBER

The N word may be omitted. When programmed, the sequence number following
the N address is a four digit numerical value and is used to identify a complete block of
information. Although ascending, descending, or duplicate numbering is allowed, it is
best to program in ascending order in increments of 10. This allows for future editing and
simplified sequence number search.

G: PREPARATORY COMMAND:

The two digit G command is programmed to set up the control to perform an

automatic machine operation. A full list of G codes are given, one G word from each
modal group and one non modal G word can be programmed on the same block.

Example:
Valid N100 G00 G40 G41 G90 G95

*G40 & G41 are from the same group.

A retained G word (Modal) from one group remains active until another G word
from the same group is programmed.
One-shot G words (Non-Modal) must be programmed in every block when
required.

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G-CODES LISTING FOR DENFORD FANUC LATHES:

Note: -NOT ALL G CODES APPLY TO EACH MACHINE.

Group 1 G00 Positioning (Rapid Traverse)

1 G01 Linear Interpolation (Feed)
1 G02 Circular Interpolation CW
1 G03 Circular Interpolation CCW
0 G04 Dwell
0 G10 Offset Value Setting By Program
6 G20 Inch Data Input
6 G21 Metric Data Input
9 G22 Stored Stroke Check On
9 G23 Stored Stroke Check Off
0 G27 Reference Point Return Check
0 G28 Reference Point Return
0 G29 Return from Reference Point
0 G30 Return to 2nd Reference Point
0 G31 Skip Function
1 G32 Thread Cutting
1 G34 Variable Lead Thread Cutting
0 G36 Automatic Tool Compensation X
0 G37 Automatic Tool Compensation Z
7 G40 Tool Nose Radius Compensation cancels
7 G41 Tool Nose Radius Compensation Left
7 G42 Tool Nose Radius Compensation Right
0 G50 Work Co-ord. Change/Max. Spindle Speed setting
0 G65 Macro Call
12 G66 Macro Modal Call
12 G67 Macro Modal Call Cancel
4 G70 Finishing Cycle
4 G71 Stock Removal in Turning
0 G72 Stock Removals in Facing
0 G73 Pattern Repeating
0 G74 Peck Drilling in Z Axis
0 G75 Grooving in X Axis
0 G76 Thread Cutting Cycle
1 G90 Cutting Cycle A
1 G92 Thread Cutting Cycle
1 G94 Cutting Cycle B
2 G96 Constant surface Speed Control
2 G97 Constant Surface Speed Control Cancel
11 G98 Feed per Minute

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11 G99 Feed per Revolution

NOTES FOR G CODE LISTING:

Note 1:-

G Codes of 0 group represent those non modal and are effective to the designated
block.

Note 2:-
G codes of different groups can be commanded to the same block. If more than
one G codes from the same group are commanded, the latter becomes effective.

AXIS DEFINITIONS:-

Z AXIS:-

The Z axis is along a line between the spindle and the tailstock, or the centre line
of rotation of the spindle. Minus (-) movements of the tool are left toward the head stock;
positive (+) movements are right toward the tailstock.

X AXIS:-

The X axis is 90 degrees from the Z axis (perpendicular to the Z axis). Minus (-)
movements of the tool are toward the centre-line of rotation, and positive (+) movements
are away from the centre-line of rotation.

X : X AXIS COMMAND:-

The X word is programmed as a diameter which is used to command a change in

position perpendicular to the spindle centre-line.

U : X AXIS COMMAND:-

The U word is an incremental distance (diameter value) which is used to command

a change in position perpendicular to the spindle centre-line. The movement is the
programmed value.

Z : Z AXIS COMMAND:-

The Z word is an absolute dimension which is used to command a change in

position parallel to the spindle centre-line.

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W: Z AXIS COMMAND:-

The W word is an incremental distance which is used to command a change of

position parallel to the spindle centre-line.
Do not program X & U or Z & W in the same block. If an X axis command calls
for no movement it may be omitted.

X, U or P: DWELL:-

The X word is used with G04 to command a dwell in seconds.

The P word is used with G04 to command a dwell in milliseconds.

I WORD:-

For arc programming (G02 or G03) the I value (with sign) is programmed to define the
incremental distance parallel to the Z axis, between the start of the arc and the arc centre.

K WORD:-

For arc programming (G02 or G03), the K value (with sign) is programmed to define the
incremental distance parallel to the Z axis, between the start of the arc and the arc centre.

The maximum arc for I & K programming is limited to the quadrant. If I or K is zero, it
must be omitted.

F WORD:-

a) In G99 mode the F word is used to command feed/rev.

b) In G98 mode the F word is used to command feed/min.
c) In G32 mode the F word specifies the lead (pitch) of the thread.

P WORD:-

a) Used in automatic cycles to define the first block of a contour.

b) Used with M98 to define a subroutine number.

Q WORD;-

Q words are used in automatic cycles to define the last block of a contour.

R WORD:-

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For circular Interpolation (G02 or G03) the R word defines the arc radius from the centre
of the tool nose radius (G40 active) – or the actual radius required (G41 / G42 active).

S WORD:-

a) In the constant surface speed mode (G96) the four digit S word is used to command
the required surface speed in either feet or metres per minute.
b) In the direct r.p.m. mode (G97), the four digit S word is used to command the spindle
speeds incrementally, in r.p.m., between the ranges available for the machine.
c) Prior to entering constant surface speed mode 9G96) the S word is used to specify a
speed constraint, the maximum speed you wish the spindle to run at. To set this
restraint the S word is programmed in conjunction with the G50 word.

T WORD:-

The T words are used in conjunction with “M06”. These are used to call up the required
tool on an automatic indexing turret machine, and to activate its tool offsets.

M WORD:-

An M word is used to initiate auxiliary functions particular to the machine. One M code
can be programmed within one program block together with other part program information.

M-CODE LIST FOR DENFORD FANUC LATHES:-

All M codes marked with an asterisk will be executed at the end of a block (i.e. after
the axis movement).
NOTE: - NOT ALL M CODES ARE AVAILABLE ON EACH MACHINE.

* M00 PROGRAM STOP

* M01 OPTIONAL STOP
* M02 PROGRAM RESET
M03 SPINDLE FORWARD
M04 SPINDLE REVERSE
* M05 SPINDLE STOP
M06 AUTO TOOL CHANGE
M07 COOLANT “B” ON
M08 COOLANT “A” ON
* M09 COOLANT OFF
M10 CHUCK OPEN
M11 CHUCK CLOSE
M13 SPINDLE FORWARD & COOLANT ON
M14 SPINDLE REVERSE & COOLANT ON
M15 PROGRAM INPUT USING. “MIN P” (SPECIAL
FUNCTION)
M16 SPECIAL TOOL CALL (TOOL CALL IGNORES TURRET)

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M19 SPINDLE ORIENTATE
M20 SPINDLE INDEX A
M21 SPINDLE INDEX 2A
M22 SPINDLE INDEX 3A
M23 SPINDLE INDEX 4A
M25 QUILL EXTEND
M26 QUILL RETRACT
M29 SELECT “DNC” MODE
M30 PROGRAM RESET & REWIND
M31 INCREMENT PARTS COUNTER
M37 DOOR OPEN TO STOP
M38 DOOR OPEN
M39 DOOR CLOSE
M40 PARTS CATCHER EXTEND
M41 PARTS CATCHER RETRACT
M43 SWARF CONVEYOR FORWARD
M44 SWARF CONVEYOR REVERSE
* M45 SWARF CONVEYOR STOP
M48 LOCK % FEED AND % SPEED AT 100%
M49 CANCEL M48 (DEFAILT)
M50 WAIT FOR AXIS IN POSITION SIGNAL (CANCELS
CONTINUOUS PATH)
M51 CANCEL M50 (DEFAILT)
M52 PULL-OUT IN THREADING = 90 DEGREES (DEFAILT)
M53 CANCEL M52
M54 DISABLE SPINDLE FLUCTUATION TESTING DEFAILT)
M56 SELECT INTERNAL CHUCKING (FROM PLC EDITION
“F”)
M57 SELECT EXTERNAL CHUCKING (FROM PLC EDITION
“F”)
M62 AUX. 1 ON
M63 AUX. 2 ON
M64 AUX. 1 OFF
M65 AUX. 2 OFF
M98 SUB PROGRAM CALL
M99 SUB PROGRAM END

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PROGRAM AND SUBROUTINE IDENTIFICATION:-

The first block of a program/subroutine must contain a program number “O”.

The program would be as follows:-

Nested to Four Levels

M98

SUB PROGRAM CALL

P9999 5678

No

No. OF REPEATS

SUBPROGRAMS (SUNROUTINES):

By using the program jump functions, it is possible to simplify a machining program with
repeated machining or function sequences.

The machining sequences, which are repeated and can be used several times, are stored as
subroutines and called up using the program jump functions.

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M98 – Jump command to another program.

M99 – Return command

Main Program Sub-Program Sub-Program

O0005 0241 0340

M98 P0241 M98 P20340 M 30 M99

M98 P20340 repeats program 0340 twice.

M99 can be used to return to the start of the program.

: 0010

N10 M00

N980 M99P10

M99 generally indicates the end of a subroutine and allows the jump back to the main
program. If it is used with “P” address, this indicates the “Jump To” block number.

The program will read the M99 P10 (GOTO N10) i.e. automatic return to line ten.

Line N10 must read M00 to stop the cycle for component loading. All information prior
to N10-i.e. standard tool geometry- would not be read after the first cycle. Therefore M30 would
not be programmed in this case.

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EXPT NO:01
DT:
FACING CYCLE

[BILLET X25 Z70]

G21 G98;
G28 U0W0;
M06 T1;(FACING TOOL)
M03 S1200;
G00 X26 Z0;
G94 X0 Z-0.5 F50;
Z-1.0
Z-1.5
Z-2.0
Z-2.5
Z-3.0
Z-3.5
Z-4.0
Z-4.5
Z-5.0
Z-5.5
Z-6.0
Z-6.5
Z-7.0
Z-7.5
Z-8.0
Z-8.5
Z-9.0
Z-9.5
Z-10.0
G28 U0W0;

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M05;
M30;

All dimensions are in mm.

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EXPT NO:02
DT:

TURNING CYCLE

[BILLET X28 Z70]

G21 G98;
G28 U0W0;
M06 TI;(FACING TOOL)
M03 S1000;
G00 X25 Z1;
G90 X24 Z-45 F50;
X23
X22
X21
X20
X19 Z-40
X18
X17
X16
X15
X14 Z-20
X13
X12
X11
X10
G28 U0W0;
M05;
M30;

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All dimensions are in mm.

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EXPT NO:03
DT:

THREADING CYCLE

[BILLET X25 Z70]

G21 G98;

G28 U0W0;

M06 TI (CALLING THREADING TOOL);

M03 S600;

G00 X26 Z0;

G76 P021560 Q50 R0.1;

G76 X23.774 Z-25 P613 Q100 F1;

G28 U0W0;

M05;

M30;

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All dimensions are in mm.

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EXPT NO:04
DT:

DRILLING CYCLE

[BILLET X25 Z70]

G21 G98;
G28 U0W0;
M06 T2;
M03 S1000;
G00 X0Z1;
G74 R1;
G74 X0 Z-5 Q500 F30;
G28 U0 W0;
M06 T4;
G00 X0 Z1;
G74 R1;
G74 X0 Z-20 Q500 F30;
G28 U0 W0;
M06 T6;
G00 X0 Z1;
G74 R1;
G74 X0Z-25 Q500 F30;
G28 U0W0;
M05;
M30;

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All dimensions are in mm.

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EXPT NO: 05
DT:

GROOVING CYCLE

[BILLET X25 Z70]

G21 G98;
G28 U0W0;
M06 T1;(CALLING FACING CYCLE)
M03 S1000;
G00 X26Z0;
G94 X0 Z-0.5 F50;
Z-1.0
Z-1.5
G28 U0W0;
G00 X26Z0;
G90 X26Z0;
G90 X25 Z-36.5 F30;
X24
X23
G28 U0W0;
M06 T3; (CALLING GROOVING TOOL)
G00 X24 Z-13.5;
G75 R1;
G75 X70 Z-31.5 P200 Q1000 F30;
G28 U0W0;
M05;
M30;

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All dimensions are in mm.

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EXPT NO:06
DT:

LINEAR & CIRCULAR INTERPOLATION

(SVCET)

G21 G94
G91 G28 Z0
G28 X0 Y0
M06 T06
M03 S1300
G90 G00 X0 Y0 Z5
[S]
G00 X2 Y30
G01 Z-1 F60
G01 X10 Y30
G03 X15 Y35 R5
G01 X15 Y 37.5
G03 X10 Y42.5 R5
G01 X07Y42.5
G02 X2 Y47.5 R5
G01 X2 Y50
G02 X7 Y55 R5
G01 X15 Y55
G00 Z2
[V]
G00 X20 Y55
G01 Z-1 F60
G01 X27.5 Y30
G01 X33 Y55

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G00 Z2
[C]
G00 X51 Y55
G01 Z-1 F60
G01 X43 Y55
G03 X38 Y50 R5
G01 X38 Y35
G03 X43 Y30 R5
G01 X51 Y30
G00 Z2
[E]
G00 X69 Y55
G01 Z-1F60
G01 X56 Y55
G01 X56 Y42.5
G01 X69 Y42.5
G01 X56 Y42.5
G01 X56 Y30
G01 X69 Y30
G00 Z2
[T]
G00 X81.5 Y30
G01 Z-1 F60
G01 X81.5 Y55
G01 X74 Y55
G01 X87 Y55
G00 Z2
G91 G28 Z0
G28 X0Y0
M05
M30

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LINEAR & CIRCULAR INTERPOLATION

(SVCET)

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EXPT NO:07
DT:
MIRRORING
G21 G94
G91 G28 Z0
G28 X0 Y0
M06 T06
M03 S1500
G90 G00 X0 Y0 Z5

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M98 P4646
M70
M98 P4646
M80
M70
M71
M98 P4646
M80
M81
M71
M98 P4646
M81
G91 G28 Z0
G28 X0 Y0
M05
M30
O4646
G00 X10 Y10
G01 Z-1.5 F80
G01 X30 Y10
G03 X10 Y30 R20
G01 X10 Y10
G00 Z5
M99

MIRRORING

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EXPT NO:08
DT:

ROTATION

G21 G94
G91 G28 Z0
G28 X0 Y0

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M06 T06
M03 S1300
G90 G00 X0Y0 Z5
M98 P1234
G68 X0Y0R90
M98 P1234
G68 X0Y0R180
M98 P1234
G68 X0Y0R270
G69
G91 G28 Z0
G28 X0Y0
M05
M30

O1234
G00 X0Y0
G01 Z-1 F60
G01 X20 Y-10
G01 X40 Y0
G01 X20 Y10
G01 X0 Y0
G00 Z5
M99

ROTATION

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EXPT NO:09
DT:

CIRCULAR POCKETING

G21 G94

G91 G28 Z0

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G28 X0Y0

M06 T05

M03S1200

G90 G00X0 Y0 Z5

G170 R0P0 Q1 X0 Y0 Z-10 I0.5 J0.1 K20

G171 P50 S1500 R60 F60 B1800 J100

G170 R0 P1 Q1 X0 Y0 Z-10 I0 J0 K20

G171 P50 S1500 R60 F60 B1800 J100

G00 Z5

M05

G91 G28 Z0

G28 X0 Y0

M30

CIRCULAR POCKETING

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EXPT NO:10
DT:

RECTANGULAR POCKETING

G21 G94

G91 G28 Z0

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G28 X0 Y0

M06 T04

M03 S1200

G90 G00 X0 Y0 Z5

G172 I30 J30 K0 P0 Q1 R0 X-15 Y-15 Z-10

G173 I0.1 K0.1 P50 S1500 R60 F50 B1800 J100

G172 I30 J30 K0 P1 Q1 R0 X-15 Y-15 Z-10

G173 I0 K0 P50 S1500 R60 F50 B1800 J100

G00 Z5

M05

G91 G28 Z0

G28 X0 Y0

M30

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RECTANCULAR POCKETING

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