Scribd
Upload
27 views5 pages

Design of Engineering Experiments Part 4 - Introduction To Factorials Some Basic Definitions

Fit separate regression models for each material type This allows response curves/surfaces for each material type Gives a more detailed understanding than just main effects DOX 6E Montgomery 17 DOX 6E Montgomery 18

Uploaded by

Enio Brogni
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
27 views5 pages

Design of Engineering Experiments Part 4 - Introduction To Factorials Some Basic Definitions

Fit separate regression models for each material type This allows response curves/surfaces for each material type Gives a more detailed understanding than just main effects DOX 6E Montgomery 17 DOX 6E Montgomery 18

Uploaded by

Enio Brogni
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

Some Basic Definitions

Design of Engineering Experiments


Part 4 – Introduction to Factorials
• Text reference, Chapter 5
• General principles of factorial experiments
• The two-factor factorial with fixed effects
Definition of a factor effect: The change in the mean response
• The ANOVA for factorials when the factor is changed from low to high
• Extensions to more than two factors A = y A+ − y A− =
40 + 52 20 + 30
− = 21
2 2
• Quantitative and qualitative factors – 30 + 52 20 + 40
response curves and surfaces B = yB+ − yB − = − = 11
2 2
52 + 20 30 + 40
AB = − = −1
2 2
DOX 6E Montgomery 1 DOX 6E Montgomery 2

The Case of Interaction: Regression Model & The Associated Response Surface

50 + 12 20 + 40
A = y A+ − y A− = − =1
2 2
40 + 12 20 + 50
y = β 0 + β1 x1 + β 2 x2 + β12 x1 x2 + ε
B = yB + − yB − = − = −9
2 2 The least squares fit is
12 + 20 40 + 50 yˆ = 35.5 + 10.5 x1 + 5.5 x2 + 0.5 x1 x2 ≅ 35.5 + 10.5 x1 + 5.5 x2
AB = − = −29
2 2
DOX 6E Montgomery 3 DOX 6E Montgomery 4
The Effect of Interaction on the Response Surface Example 5-1 The Battery Life Experiment
Text reference pg. 165

Suppose that we add an interaction term to the model: A = Material type; B = Temperature (A quantitative variable)
yˆ = 35.5 + 10.5 x1 + 5.5 x2 + 8 x1 x2 1. What effects do material type & temperature have on life?
2. Is there a choice of material that would give long life regardless of
Interaction is actually a form of curvature temperature (a robust product)?
DOX 6E Montgomery 5 DOX 6E Montgomery 6

The General Two-Factor


Factorial Experiment

Statistical (effects) model:


 i = 1, 2,..., a

yijk = µ + τ i + β j + (τβ )ij + ε ijk  j = 1, 2,..., b
k = 1, 2,..., n
a levels of factor A; b levels of factor B; n replicates 
This is a completely randomized design Other models (means model, regression models) can be useful
DOX 6E Montgomery 7 DOX 6E Montgomery 8
ANOVA Table – Fixed Effects Case
Extension of the ANOVA to Factorials
(Fixed Effects Case) – pg. 177
a b n a b

 ( y
i =1 j =1 k =1
ijk − y... ) 2 = bn ( yi.. − y... ) 2 + an ( y. j . − y... ) 2
i =1 j =1
a b a b n
+ n ( yij . − yi.. − y. j . + y... ) 2 +  ( yijk − yij . ) 2
i =1 j =1 i =1 j =1 k =1

SST = SS A + SS B + SS AB + SS E
df breakdown: Design-Expert will perform the computations
abn − 1 = a − 1 + b − 1 + (a − 1)(b − 1) + ab(n − 1) Text gives details of manual computing (ugh!) –
see pp. 169 & 170
DOX 6E Montgomery 9 DOX 6E Montgomery 10

Design-Expert Output – Example 5-1 Residual Analysis – Example 5-1

DOX 6E Montgomery 11 DOX 6E Montgomery 12


Residual Analysis – Example 5-1 Interaction Plot
DE S IG N-E X P E RT P l o t Interaction Graph
L i fe A: Mate ria l
188

X = B : T e m p e ra tu re
Y = A : M a te ri a l

A1 A1 146
A2 A2
A3 A3

L ife
104

2
62
2

20

15 70 125

B: Te m pe ra tu re

DOX 6E Montgomery 13 DOX 6E Montgomery 14

Quantitative and Qualitative Factors Quantitative and Qualitative Factors


• The basic ANOVA procedure treats every factor as if it
were qualitative
• Sometimes an experiment will involve both quantitative
and qualitative factors, such as in Example 5-1
• This can be accounted for in the analysis to produce
regression models for the quantitative factors at each level
(or combination of levels) of the qualitative factors
• These response curves and/or response surfaces are often
a considerable aid in practical interpretation of the results

DOX 6E Montgomery 15 DOX 6E Montgomery 16


Quantitative and Qualitative Factors Regression Model Summary of Results

A = Material type Candidate model


terms from Design-
B = Linear effect of Temperature
Expert:
B2 = Quadratic effect of Intercept
Temperature A
B
AB = Material type – TempLinear
B2
AB2 = Material type - TempQuad AB
B3
B3 = Cubic effect of
AB2
Temperature (Aliased)

DOX 6E Montgomery 17 DOX 6E Montgomery 18

Regression Model Summary of Results Factorials with More Than


Two Factors
• Basic procedure is similar to the two-factor case; all
abc…kn treatment combinations are run in random
order
• ANOVA identity is also similar:
SST = SS A + SS B + L + SS AB + SS AC + L
+ SS ABC + L + SS ABL K + SS E

• Complete three-factor example in text, Example 5-5


DOX 6E Montgomery 19 DOX 6E Montgomery 20

You might also like