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Atomic Structure and Periodic Table Mark Scheme

This document discusses atomic structure and the periodic table. It covers topics like atomic number, mass number, electron configuration, ionization energy, periodic trends, and how the periodic table is arranged. It contains multiple choice and short answer questions testing understanding of these key concepts in atomic structure and the periodic table.

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Diya
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453 views

Atomic Structure and Periodic Table Mark Scheme

This document discusses atomic structure and the periodic table. It covers topics like atomic number, mass number, electron configuration, ionization energy, periodic trends, and how the periodic table is arranged. It contains multiple choice and short answer questions testing understanding of these key concepts in atomic structure and the periodic table.

Uploaded by

Diya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

Atomic Structure and Periodic Table

Question Acceptable Answer Mark Additional Guidance


1 a) A: mass number and z: atomic number 1 Allow z: proton number
b) Chlorine 1
c) 1s22s22p63s23p5 1 Allow: [Ne] 3s2 3p5
2 a) 1 Allow fractions like 0.51x90
( 51× 90 ) + ( 11 ×91 ) + ( 18 × 92 )+ (18 × 94 ) +(2× 96) etc
100 Allow ±1 in values of
= 91.31 percentage
1 Allow ECF

b) Peak of Cu-63 at 69.15 1 Ignore working


Peak of Cu-65 at 30.85 1
3 a) Isotopes are atoms with the same number of 1 Allow: same atomic number
protons, but different numbers of neutrons. but different mass number
b) Similar chemical properties because they have 1
the same electronic structure.
Varying physical properties because they have 1
different masses.
4 a)+3 1 Allow 3+
Large jump/ gap between 3rd and 4th ionization 1
energy
b) s-orbital circle or attempt at a sphere
1

p-orbital dumbbell type shape 1


Allow dumbbell on any axis /
any direction

5 a) Relative molecular mass is the average mass of a 1


molecule compared to one twelfth of the mass of
one atom of carbon-12

b) 58 1
6 a) The first ionisation energy is the energy required 1

1
when one mole of gaseous atoms forms one mole
of gaseous ions with a single positive charge
b)
i)
Donot Allow
2

(1 mark for first shell; 1 for second shell)


ii)
The fifth electron is in an inner shell closer to the 1
nucleus
and therefore attracted much more strongly by the 1
nucleus than the fourth electron.
It also does not have any shielding by inner 1
complete shells of electron
7 a) i)Na Mg 1 Donot allow even if one
ii)none 1 element in correctly
iii)Al, Si, P, S, Cl,Ar 1 mentioned

b) Mg has its outer electrons in the 3s sub shell, 1


whereas Al is starting to fill the 3p subshell. 1
Al’s electron is slightly easier to remove because 1
the 3p electrons are higher in energy.
8 a) Cl<P < Mg < Si 1

b)Chlorine ia gas- weak london forces – lowest 1


Phosphoros solid but still weak london forces 1 Allow Van der Waal forces
Magnesium metallic lattice strong structure 1
Silicon gaint macromolecular structure with 1
covalent bonds
9 a) it decreases 1

b) the increased number of protons 1


create more positive charge attraction for electrons 1
which are in the same shell with similar shielding. 1
10 a) true 1
it gives evidence that electrons are at different 1
energy levels
emit/absorb photons to step down/up in energy 1
levels
b) 1s22s22p6 1 Donot Allow 1s22s22p63s2
Allow: [Ne]
11 a) P slightly higher than S 1

b) Sulphur’s outer electron is being paired up with 1


an another electron in the same 3p orbital.
When the second electron is added to an orbital 1
there is a slight repulsion between the two

2
negatively charged electrons which makes the
second electron easier to remove.
12 a)i) d block 1
ii) electrons are being added in the same subshell 1
( d subshell)

b)decreases down a group 1

c) first ionization energy increases along a period 1


across a period, electrons are added to same shell 1
same shielding effect 1
protons increase- increasing attraction 1
13 a) The second ionisation energy is the energy 1 Donot Allow if ‘gaseous’ not
required when one mole of gaseous ions with a mentioned
single positive charge forms one mole of gaseous
ions with a double positive charge

b) Mg+(g) → Mg2+(g) + e 1 Donot Allow if state symbols


not correct
c) Second electron of sodium in next shell- difficult 1
to remove
second electron of magnesium is same shell as its 1
first one – easier to remove
14 a) The more protons in the nucleus the greater the 1
attraction
b) The bigger the atom the further the outer 1
electrons are from the nucleus and the weaker the
attraction to the nucleus
c) An electron in an outer shell is repelled by
electrons in complete inner shells, weakening the 1
attraction of the nucleus
15 a) number of electrons Allow atomic number
Chemical properties depend on electronic 1
configuration

b)
1 mark for correct m/z ratio of
2 each peak
1 for correct relative
abundance

16 a) 3 0.5 mark for each correctly


filled box

3
1 Donot allow ‘no. of electrons’
b) the number of protons in the nucleus 1
c) the total number of protons and neutrons in the
atom.
17 a) sulphur<phosphorous<chlorine 2 For any two correct

b) Chlorine has greatest because the number of 1


protons increases making the effective attraction of
the nucleus greater. The electrons are being added
to the same shell which has the same shielding 1
effect and the electrons are pulled in closer to the
nucleus.
With sulphur there are 4 electrons in the 3p sub 1
shell and the 4th is starting to doubly fill the first 3p
orbital. When the second electron is added to a 3p
orbital there is a slight repulsion between the two
negatively charged electrons which makes the
second electron easier to remove so lower than
phosphorous
18 a) Silicon 1 Allow Si

b)
1 Donot Allow

1s 2s 2p 3s 3p Donot Allow

Donot Allow for 3p


or

19 a) Calcium 1 Allow Ca
b) 1s22s22p63s23p6 1
b) s-orbital circle or attempt at a sphere

p-orbital dumbbell type shape

1
Allow dumbbell on any axis /
any direction

10 a) d block 1

4
b) Al, Si, P, S, Cl,Ar 1
c) Al, Si, P, S, Cl,Ar 1

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