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Rocket Engine

This document discusses different types of rocket engines. It provides information on solid rocket engines, liquid rocket engines, and cryogenic rocket engines. It also discusses the ideal rocket equation and provides an example of its use. Additionally, it summarizes the key features and launch history of India's Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV).

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Ashish Ranjan
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211 views

Rocket Engine

This document discusses different types of rocket engines. It provides information on solid rocket engines, liquid rocket engines, and cryogenic rocket engines. It also discusses the ideal rocket equation and provides an example of its use. Additionally, it summarizes the key features and launch history of India's Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV).

Uploaded by

Ashish Ranjan
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Submitted by :-

Ashish Ranjan
BE(Mechanical),3rd Sem
Group – 1
UE99016
 Wikipedia
 slideshare.net
 nasa.gov
How stuff works
 Google search engine
 Squidoo.com
 Rocket engines are basically reaction engines, that uses only
propellant mass for forming high speed propulsive jet.

 Rocket engines as a group, have the highest exhaust velocity, are


by far the lightest and most efficient jet engines.

 Unlike a jet engine, which drives in outside air, rocket engine uses
only the substance carried within it. As a result, rocket engine can be
operate in outer space as well as in terrestrial uses such as missiles.
 The basic principle of driving a rocket engine is the famous
Newton’s 3rd law.
 Rocket can work in space, where there is no air because oxidizer
is carried on board of rocket, which can generate thrust in vaccum.
 Rocket engines produces thrust by expulsion of high speed fluid
exhaust ,which is created by high pressure combustion of solid
or liquid propellants, consisting of fuels & oxidizer components
within a combustion chamber.
 This engine burns a mixture of the solid fuel and oxidizer, also
called GRAIN. This mixture is ignited by an electric charge.
 Once the grain is ignited, it can not be easily stopped and usually
stops only when the fuel is depleted.
 Solid rockets are used for A-A or A-G missiles and as boosters for
launch vehicles. Also used in firework rockets.
 These engines use a liquid fuel and oxidizer, which pumped up to
mix together in the combustion chamber.
 Oxygen is the most commonly used oxidizer while hydrogen,
kerosene, and hydrazine may be used as the fuel.
 This engine can be throttled, i.e. power level can be changed.
 These engines are used on space shuttle, in missiles and high speed
research aircrafts.
 The equation, also known as ideal rocket equation, independently
derived by Konstantin Tsiolkovsky towards the end of 19th century.

 It is the mathematical equation that relates the max change of speed


of the rocket with the effective exhaust velocity and initial & final
mass of a rocket.
v= V ln(m.i/m.f)

 For example,a SSTO rocket, with a payload of 0.1%, would have a mass
of 11% for fuel tanks & engines and 88.9% for fuel, then
v= V ln (100/11.1) = 2.20V

 To achieve a large change in speed, either m.i to be large or, m.f must
be tiny or, V must be very high or, combination of all these.
 The Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle is an expendable launch
vehicle operated by ISRO.
 Improved on performance of PSLV, it is a three stage vehicle- 1st stage
being solid propelled, the 2nd liquid propelled with hypergolic fuel and
the final liquid propelled with cryogenic fuel.
 The 3rd stage is propelled by cryogenic engine, 2.8m in diameter, uses
LH2 & LOX in two separate tanks of Al-alloy.
 The 4 liquid-strap-on boosters are loaded with 40 tons of hypergolic
propellant , stored in two independent tanks of 2.1m diameter.

 1st flight was on 18 April 2001,launched GSAT-1. The 2nd successful


launch was on 8 may 2003 launched GSAT-2. The 4th flight, launching
INSAT-4C was unsuccessful.

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