Chapter 10 PDF
Chapter 10 PDF
10.1 INTRODUCTION
Metal building roof and wall systems are generally
constructed with cold-formed C- and Z-sections. Roof
members are called purlins, and wall members are referred
to as girts, although the sections may be identical. Gener-
ally, purlins are lapped, as shown in Figure 10.1, to provide
continuity and, therefore, greater efficiency. The lap
connection is usually made with two machine-grade bolts
through the webs of the lapped purlins at each end of the
lap as shown in the figure. In addition, the purlins are
flange-bolted to the supporting rafter or web-bolted to a
web clip or an antiroll device. Z-section purlins are gener-
ally point symmetric; however, some manufacturers
produce Z-sections with unequal-width flanges to facilitate
nesting in the lapped region. Girts are generally not lapped
but can be face- or flush-mounted as shown in Figure 10.2.
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Buikiing
rafter
•V Building.
"^ column
Girt ,- Girt
XT
(fO (b)
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.-Purlin
iisive
Roof
panel
Wall _r-
frame
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Z - purlin
(a)
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^,-w= MMlpIf
=
\ MUSK' Maximum positive moment at a
3~'jL31jLlGLllIjQ
_0_A_t_l._i_»_i_J_ nominal load of" 100 plf
'"'*,*' "'*'"" M mri< " = Maximum negative nttJtneiii at
j»<^^~---«^l a nominal of 100 pJf at
\ either ihc interior or exterior
M
»«in;»:
- side of the
'
lap splice
* *
tb'J
——,,, x
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\
M nt
'"max
-M nt
"'min
(10.4)
with Rtmin, Rtmax = mean minus one standard deviation of
the modification factors for the thinnest and thickest
purlins tested, respectively. The values may not be
taken greater than 1.0.
Mn = nominal flexural strength (SeFy) for the section
for which^-R is being determined.
Mnf"'min , Mnf"'max = average
°
tested flexural strength
°
for
the thinnest and thickest purlins tested, respectively.
The reduction factor for each test (Rt) is computed from
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with
fcl.5
PL = 0.041 dO.90gO.60 "
I 1 UU- I t 1 i I ? I? f !t M M M t
fa) (b)
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Standing seam
pare Is
Gave angle
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300
r - TlicordiciiJ inflection point
250
200
- 150
Kit)
0
-300 -7.00 -ion o mn KM KXI 400 500=
.Strain {Jl£!
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y
<*.| />V
Initial
- ,
'
I
::> y position
(b)
Pane)
Wsin<)
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Pr = 0.5 (10.7)
Without syslem
effects
0.
t>
t!
,o
2 4 6
"Number nf purl in lines, n_,
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0.22061-5
PL = 0.5/3W, with p = ^0.72^0.90^0.60
(10.8)
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All
Wp(fib) C. —— •-£> W I t fosO(Sb)
J/2
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(10.13)
(10.14)
. (10.15)
Zi
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Compression
Slope angle S
FIGURE 10.16 Anchorage force vs. roof slope: Eqs. (10.9) and
(10.10).
4 6
Number ul purlin hues tip
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u
,o
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1000 Ib/in
with caution when there are more than eight purlin lines. If
the top flanges of adjacent purlins or sets of purlins face in
opposite directions, an anchorage is required to resist only
the net downslope component.
Anchorage force calculations for a Z-purlin supported
roof system are illustrated in Section 10.5.3.
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10.5 EXAMPLES
10.5.1 Computation of R-value from Base
Tests
Problem
Determine the R-value relationship for the gravity loading
base test data shown. The tests were conducted using Z-
sections with nominal thicknesses of 0.060 in. and 0.095 in.
and nominal yield stress of 55 ksi. The span length was 22 ft
9in., and intermediate lateral braces were installed at the
third points. The total supported load (wts) is equal to the
sum of the applied load (w) and the weight of the sheathing
and purlins (wd). The maximum applied moment is Mts.
Solution
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a
5 20
10
0
50 70 90 110 130 150 170 190 210 230 250
Nominal moment KircngLh (K. - in)
D. Application
For a purlin having the same depth, flange width, edge
stiffener slope, and material specification as those used
in the above example and with a nominal flexural
strength Mn = SeFy = 135 in. -kips, the reduction
factor is
„ 0.298(135-111.77)
fl = ——— ———— ' + 0.624 = 0.631
$b = 0.90
n = (f)bRSeFy = 0.90 x 0.631 x 135 = 76.7 kip-in.
2. ASD
= 1.67
0.631 x 135
= 51.0 kip-in.
L67
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Solution
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I= = 0.857 in.4
= 3.108 kip-ft
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Ekv /29,500x5.34
—— = 53.51
j 55
Since
then
v
Vn = h = 4.12 kips ((Eq. C3.2-3)
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ASD
Assuming that bending alone controls
w (ASD) = 65.31b/ft (B.I), then
CC Q
V = —— x 1.468 = 0.80 kips
V
°'8° = 0.324 < 1.0
VJO, 4.12/1.67
Hence, shear alone is satisfied for ASD under
uplift loading.
3. Strength for Bending at End of Lap
Section C3.1.1 Nominal Section Strength
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4 457
' = 0.632 < 1.0
$bMnxo 0.95 x 7.42
ASD
Again assuming that bending alone controls with
w (ASD) = 65.3Ib/ft (B.I), then
65 3
M = —— x 5.452 = 2.97 kip-ft
M 2 97
' = 0.668 < 1.0
7.42/1.67
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= (0.668)2 + (0.278)2
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(Eq. C3.1.2-3)
Fc = = 54.73 ksi
= 4.44 kip-ft
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V 1 797
= 0.485 < 1.0
<l>vVn 0.90 x 4.12
Hence, shear alone is satisfied for LRFD under
gravity loading.
ASD
Assuming that bending alone controls with w
(ASD) = 97.74 Ib/ft (C.I), then
97 74
V = ——— x 1.468 = 1.196 kips
V 1 196
' = 0.485 < 1.0
VJQL, 4.12/1.67
Hence, shear alone is satisfied for ASD under
gravity loading.
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6 654
' = 0.944 < 1.0
faMnxo 0.95 x 7.42
Hence, bending alone at end of lap is satisfied for
LRFD under gravity loading.
ASD
Assuming that bending alone controls with w
(ASD) = 97.74 Ib/ft (C.I), then
97 74
M = -—— x 5.452 = 4.44 kip-ft
M 4 40
Mnxo/ttb
'
7.42/1.67
= i.o < i.o
Hence bending alone at end of lap is satisfied for
ASD under gravity loading.
4. Strength for Combined Bending and Shear
Section C3.5 Combined Bending and Shear
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Vu 146.9/120 x 1.260
<l>vVn 0.90 x 4.12
= 0.415
M
^— = 0.944 (from C.3)
2
I = (0.944)2 + (0.415)2
v n
146 9
wu (LRFD) = , ' = 142 Ib/ft
VT064
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V 97.74/120 x 1.260
4.12/1.67
= 0.415
M
= 1.00 (from C.3)
M V / V X2
= (1.00)2 + (0.415)2
Q7 Q4
w (ASD) = = 90.3 Ib/ft
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Problem
Determine the gravity service load for the conditions of the
previous problem except with standing seam roof sheeting.
Solution
From the base test method, the .R-factor relationship for the
standing seam system is
B= - 0 ' + 0.691
with
LRFD
Positive moment design strength
<£6 = 0.90
<j)bMn = (f)bRSeFy = 0.90 x 0.697 x 89.0 = 55.8 kip-in.
= 4.65kip-ft
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ASD
Positive moment design strength:
Q6 = 1.67
M, RSeF 0.697 x 89.0
n i.67
= 3.10kip-ft
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Problem
Determine anchorage forces for a three-span continuous
system having six parallel purlin lines with support
restraints. The purlin section is 8Z060, the span length is
25 ft, and purlin lines are spaced 5 ft apart. The roof slope is
2:12 (9.46°), and the roof sheathing shear stiffness is
35001b/in. Uniform gravity loads of 2.7psf dead load and
15 psf live load are applied to the system. Use the method
in Ref. 10.19 as described in Section 10.4.1 with Sb = 6/3.
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. (Eq.10.15)
Zi
.) (Eq. 10.14)
- 1) = 0.7788
2(9.2)(0.060)
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2511 2511
r-
r
P, = PL = 6 1 Bib PT = 3
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