Exercise 3A

1 a 300° is in the 4th quadrant 11p 1

g cosec = = -3.24 (3 s.f.)
1 10 sin 11p
sec300° = 10
cos300°
In 4th quadrant cos is +ve, 1
h sec6rad = = 1.04 (3 s.f.)
so sec300° is +ve. cos6rad

b 190° is in the 3rd quadrant 1 1

3 a cosec90° = = =1
1 sin90° 1
cosec190° =
sin190° (refer to graph of y = sin q )
In 3rd quadrant sin is - ve,
so cosec190° is - ve. 1 1 1
b cot135° = = = = -1
tan135° - tan 45° -1
c 110° is in the 2nd quadrant
1 1 1
cot110° = c sec180° = = = -1
tan110° cos180° -1
In the 2nd quadrant tan is - ve, (refer to graph of y = cosq )
so cot110° is - ve.
d 240° is in the 3rd quadrant
d 200° is in the 3rd quadrant 1 1 1
sec 240° = = = 1 = -2
tan is +ve in the 3rd quadrant, cos 240° - cos60° - 2
so cot 200° is+ve.
e 300° is in the 4th quadrant
e 95° is in the 2nd quadrant 1 1
cosec300° = =
cos is - ve in the 2nd quadrant, sin 300° - sin60°
so sec 95° is - ve. =
1
=-
2
=-
2 3
-2 3
3 3
1
2 a sec100° = = -5.76 (3 s.f.)
cos100° f -45° is in the 4th quadrant
1 1
1 cot(-45°) = =
b cosec 260° = = -1.02 (3 s.f.) tan(-45°) - tan 45°
sin 260° 1
= = -1
-1
1
c cosec 280° = = -1.02 (3 s.f.)
sin 280° 1 1
g sec60° = = 1 =2
cos60° 2
1
d cot550° = = 5.67 (3 s.f.)
tan550° h -210° is in the 2nd quadrant
1
4p 1 cosec(-210°) =
e cot = = 0.577 (3 s.f.) sin(-210°)
3 tan 4p3
1 1
= = 1 =2
1 sin30° 2
f sec 2.4rad = = -1.36 (3 s.f.)
cos 2.4rad

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3 i 225° is in the 3rd quadrant 2p p
6 = p - (in the 2nd quadrant)
1 1 3 3
sec 225° = =
cos 225° - cos 45° æ 2p ö æ 2p ö 1 1
cosec ç ÷ + sec ç ÷ = +
1
= 1 =- 2 è 3ø è 3 ø sin ( 2p3 ) cos ( 2p3 )
- 2
1 1
= +
sin ( 3 ) - cos ( p3 )
p

4p
j is in the 3rd quadrant 1 1
3 = +
3
- 12
4p 1 1 1 3 2
cot = 4p
= p
= = 2
3 tan 3 tan 3 3 3 = -2 +
3
11p p = -2 +
2
k = 2p - (in the 4th quadrant) 3
6 6 3
11p 1 1 1 2 2 3
sec = 11p
= p
= 3= = Challenge
6 cos 6 cos 6 2 3 3
a Triangles OPB and OAP are right-angled
3p triangles as line AB is a tangent to the unit
l - is in the 3rd quadrant circle at P.
4
æ 3p ö 1 1 Using triangle OBP, OBcosq = 1
cosec ç - ÷ = =
è 4 ø sin ( - 4 ) - sin p4
3p
Þ OB =
1
= secq
1 cosq
= =- 2
- 1
2 b ÐPOA = 90° - q Þ ÐOAP = q
Using triangle OAP, OAsin q = 1
1
Þ OA = = cosec q
sinq

c Using Pythagoras’ theorem,

AP 2 = OA2 - OP 2
So, AP 2 = cosec 2 q - 1
1
= -1
sin 2 q
1
4 cosec(p - x) º 1- sin 2 q
sin(p - x) =
sin 2 q
1
º cos2 q
sin x =
sin 2 q
º cosec x
= cot 2 q
1 1 Therefore AP = cot q
5 cot 30°sec30° = ´
tan30° cos30°
3 2
= ´
1 3
=2

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