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Bus Standards

The document discusses different types of computer buses including the process bus, memory bus, address bus, I/O bus, master/slave configuration, arbitrated expansion bus, bus master, bus bandwidth, asynchronous and synchronous transfers, early ISA and VESA local buses, PCI bus, AGP, Firewire, and USB. It provides information on the function and characteristics of each type of bus.

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162 views

Bus Standards

The document discusses different types of computer buses including the process bus, memory bus, address bus, I/O bus, master/slave configuration, arbitrated expansion bus, bus master, bus bandwidth, asynchronous and synchronous transfers, early ISA and VESA local buses, PCI bus, AGP, Firewire, and USB. It provides information on the function and characteristics of each type of bus.

Uploaded by

weilong
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Bus Standards

Bus is a pathway which data can travel within a computer for communication &
established between 2 or more computer elements, it also transfer data between
CPU & the main system bus, or CPU and external memory cache
Process Bus
The function of process bus is to get information to & from CPU so has to work
very fast in the system, it communicate pathway between CPU & chipset.
Memory Bus
It has dedicated chipset that is responsible for transferring information between
CPU & RAM, & it has a memory controller chipset to control the interface
between bus processor & memory bus.
Address Bus
Subset of the processor & memory bus, to indicate which address memory & system
bus used for data transfer operation & next bus transfer & memory transfer will
occur, vh utaos 7ii7s546 8u6 7size of memory & control amount of memory that
CPU can access directly.
I/O Bus
I/O bus & expansion slot enable CPU to communicate with peripheral device &
enable device to expand its capabilities, examples (sound card, video card)
Master & Slave
For device to communicate with one another there send address to distinguish it form
,& each device has a unique address ,it also send read write signal to indicate its
intention, there communicate with each other thought address ,data & control bus.
the master device is the one that start & control the communication while the slave
device respond.
Example 80* 86 based PC the CPU is the master & memory is the slave
Arbitrated expansion bus
No bus can serve 2 master at the same time .so for a master to access the buses ,it
must ask permission from the central bus arbitrator which is first come first serve
basis.
Bus Master
To speed up the system, without the support of CPU it can execute operations
independently, because it’s a adapter with own processor, it rely on arbitration unit ,an
integrated system peripheral(ISP)chip that enable bus master board to temporarily
take exclusive control of the system .
Bus Bandwidth
Bus Bandwidth= bus transfer data from master to slave is measure in megabytes
per seconds, bus bandwidth depends on the bus speed ,width & protocol
Processor bus transfer rate or bandwidth =data width & CPU then divided 8
Asynchronous
Transfer data bit by bit also called start-stop transmission. For slow device
Synchronous
Governed by microprocessor clock, for fast device
8 bit ISA bus & 16 bit Bus
8 bit is the obsolete & 16 bit is in AT 286 processor in1984 from IBM
MCA (Micro Channel Architecture)bus
Is a 32 bit data bus ,32 bit address bus ability to transfer data to add-in card with 16
bit or 32bit data path. but is incompatible with ISA cards ,speed limit 10MHZ
VESA Local Bus
Video Electronics Standards Association is a local bus, it direct access to the system
memory at the speed of the processor, can move 32 bit at a time between the CPU &
a compatible video subsystem or hard –drive at the full 32 biut data width of the 486
chip ,at a maximum frequency of 33MHZ with 3 expansion slots
PCI BUS
Peripheral Component Interconnect bus is also call mezzanine bus because PCI
controller sits between CPU & external bus connection ,it bypasses the I/O bus by
using the system bus to increase the bus clock speed & take full advantage of the
CPU’s data path
AGP
AGP is a port because it used only 2 device process & video card, it used for
Implement port, increase AGP speed & enhancements video. it advantage is it isolates
the video subsystem from the rest of the PC, so it won’t cost contention over I/O
bandwidth with PCI.AGP bus is 32 wide ,bandwidth 266MB/s it runs double speed
than PCI or 66MHZ,it has 2X mode for signal to sent data over the
Port at the same clock speed.
Firewire(IEEEE-1394)
New technology for fast transfer large data especially multimedia device, speed
400M/sec signaling rates 100Msec, 200M/sec & 400M/sec,maximum of 63 device
connected to single IEEE-1394 adapter cards by daisy chaining, cables GameBoy –
derived connectors & consist of 6 conductors 4 wire for data transmission ,2
conductor power ,connector to motherboard is either IEEE-1394 interface or PCI
adapter card.
Universal Serial Bus(USB)
USB cable allow connection up to 127 devices thought the use of daisy chaining,
speed is 12M/sec which is slower than Fire wire ,it a hotplug & unplug device
meaning you don’t have to turn off the computer when connect or disconnected the
device.

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