Identify if Philippine society is held together by mechanical solidarity Urban Industrial Society

or organic solidarity. Explain by citing real examples - organic solidarity based on interdependence
- differentiation
Durkheim - effect of industrialization
The Rules of Sociological Method - labor becomes specialized and social and economic roles
becomes increasingly differentiated
- Durkheim saw sociology as a part of the life sciences - shift away from an economy that is heavily organized
- General Systems Theory – studying science on different around the production of food
levels of complexity - shift in social roles and a change in the function of
- “the whole is more than the sum of its parts” institutions
- more of how the parts are organized in relation to each - collective conscience: exposed to diverse attitudes and
other than the parts that it’s made up of beliefs
- Hence, “rabbitness” eerges from the interactions of the
cells and organs
- Different institutions in society are like organs of a body – - with specialization comes interdependence across social
each one having separate functions needed to keep society and economic activities– requires someone in each stage of
together production
- The study of society was of social fact – sociological - cooperation from multiple collectives – e.g., making
phenomena have different qualitative characteristic than furniture: hardware from one factory, labor from
psychological and biological facts another factory
- Social facts are irreducible to psychological and biological - result to changes in social rewards and costs (rules of
phenomena conduct)
What is a social fact? - behaviors that support effective cooperation are
reinforced
- Social facts are force outside the subjective mind of the - those counter to this interdependence are sanctioned
individual; external to the individual that compels them to - as groups interact with regularity, these interactions
conform or face sanctions from the collective society become habitual
around them - when collective expectations for such interactions are
- Real and objective because they exist outside of, and have added, rules for conduct emerge
consequences on the individual
- Social fact – product of the society they arise from
- The point of sociology is to step back from personal - interdependence, shift in social rewards and costs, support
experiences and interests and see what society really is: a of effective interdependence
collective phenomenon - organic solidarity emerges – highlights Durkheim’s
- The fact the we don’t always notice social forces is because conceptualization of society as a living thing where
we have been conditioned throughout our lives to act the organs are all interdependent and connected
according to what is expected of us - societal integration and cohesiveness
- Habits of interaction – helps society function smoothly
- Coercion and conformity – you only feel the coercion when Anomic Division of Labor
you deviate from them - when the pace of the division of labor exceeds the rate of
development of organic solidarity, or when problems like
- Sociology is the study of social facts industrial failure or class conflict occur
- social facts arise from the interaction between people - in such societies, individuals are not connected or
- created by people, not dependent on individuals; interdependent
collective phenomenon - as a consequence, the rules regulating interaction/conduct
do not develop
 deviance
The Division of Labor in Society
- discusses the impact of industrialization on the organization
of societies, with the focus on how a lack of Broad themes reflected in social disorganizations theories of crime
interdependence and clearly articulated and internalized and delinquency
guidelines for conduct can lead to deviance a. rapid change and development can lead to increases in
- how industrialization and urbanization can lead to increased deviance
deviance through changes in social integration b. impact of change and development mediated by rules for
conduct
Preindustrial Society
- mechanical solidarity based on similarity
- labor being killed based and largely undifferentiated - while social facts have their roots in individuals, they can’t
- limited division of labor, and similar social and economic be understood at the level of the individual
roles - e.g., law and morality aren’t things that exist inside the
- similarities supported the proper function of institutions heads of individuals, they exist in the network of
like families, schools, and churches; and led to interactions between people
development of a collective conscience – shared set of
beliefs, ideas, moral attitudes regarding proper behavior Durkheim proposed two different ways that solidarity can work:
- mechanical solidarity – cohesiveness that results from
1. Mechanical Solidarity – pre-modern societies
social and economic similarity, and the proper function of
- E.g., Vikings lol – self-sufficient
institutions and the shared norms and beliefs that comes
- Collective consciousness – people in their societies are
from this cohesiveness
bound together by commonalities and likeness
 2. Organic solidarity
- Interdependence – while people are very different, they still
rely to each other
- Like a human body with individual organs
- Division of labor – specialization
- Consequence: can’t survive alone

Dynamic Density
- Causes the transition from pre-modern to modern society
- Refers to the number of people in a society and the degree
of interactivity between them
- Observed in contemporary globalization
- As dynamic density increases, competition increases
- Creates the search for more efficient ways of doing things
 division of labor, foundation of organic solidarity

Anomic Division of Labor