TERMS USED IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

For most recent graduates, it quickly becomes evident that what you learn in civil
engineering school is not necessarily enough to become a confident engineer. Some
things can’t be taught in classrooms at all; instead, they're acquired through years of
work on-site and solving construction problems first-hand. Among the many things, you
learn on-site are the terminologies used by construction workers that can sound like
absolute nonsense to engineers at first.
While it is important to have knowledge of these terminologies, in a Philippine
setting of construction, one should also learn the vernacular term of it.
The following is a list of building construction terms and its corresponding
vernacular term:

Building Construction – English to Vernacular Terms:

1. Engineer Inhinyero
2. Architect Arkitekto
3. Carpenter Karpintero
4. Contractor Kontratista
5. Painter Pintor
6. Mason Kantero
7. Foreman Kapatas
8. Laborer Piyon
9. Plumber Tubero
10. Electrician Elektrisyan
11. Tinsmith Latero
12. Carpentry Karpinterya
13. Carpentry Karpinterya
14. Masonry Kantaria
15. Plaster Palitada
16. Plumbing Tuberia
17. Tinsmithing Lateria
18. Foot Piye
19. Meter Metro/Miter
20. Inches Pulgada
21. Weight Bigat
22. Force Pwersa
23. Gable Roof Dos Aguas
24. Hip Roof Quatro Aguas
25. Lean to Roof Sibe/Sibi
26. Astragal Balidura
27. Beam Biga
28. Balusters Barandillas
29. Baseboard Rodapies
30. Bath Tub Baniera
31. Bottom Chord Tirante
32. Brick Ladrillo
33. Canopy Media Agua
34. Cast Iron Hiero, Pondido (pondidong bakal)
35. Ceiling Kisame
36. Ceiling Joist Kostilyahe
37. Cement Semento
38. Cement Tile Baldosa
39. Column Kolumna, Poste
40. Concrete Larga Masa, Konkreto
41. Concrete Beam Biga
42. Corrugated G.I. Sheets Hiero Canalado Galbanisado
43. Closed Stringer Escalera
44. Crushed Stone Eskombro
45. Ceiling Board Kostilyahe
46. Chain Bolt Bakal de Kadena
47. Earthfill Eskombro
48. Exterior Siding Tabika
49. Eave Alero
50. Fascia Board Senepa
51. Fill Tambak
52. Filler Tapal, Dagdag
53. Fillet Batidora
54. Door Pinto
55. Door Hand Sombrero Pintuan
56. Door Jamb Hamba Pintuan
57. Downspout Tubo de Banada
58. Faucet Gripo
59. Flooring Suelo
60. Floor Joist Soleras
61. Floor Sill Guililan
62. Alternate or Staggered Uno Sinotra
63. Anchor Liyabe
64. Aligned Kalinya
65. Alignment Asintada
66. Barrel Bolt Tarankilya
67. Brace Pie de Gallo
68. Collar Sinturon
69. Reinforcing Bars Cabilla or Bakal
70. Rafters Kilo
71. Diagonal Brace Sinturon
72. Closed Stringer Escalera
73. Chain Bolt Bakal de Kadena
74. Putty Masilya
75. Flush Alahado
76. Groove Canal
77. Grooved Canalada
78. Laying of CHB Asinta
79. Level Lebel
80. Miter Kanto Mesa
81. Pickwork Piketa
82. Pattern Plantilya
83. Plaster Palitada
84. Projection Bolado
85. Plumb Bob Hulog
86. Plumb Line Hulog
87. Quarter Round Mediacana
88. Rabbet Vaciada
89. Scratch Coat Rebokada
90. Stucco Palitada
91. Shape Korte
92. Slope Bahada
93. Spacing Blento
94. Stake Istaka
95. Temper Subuhan
96. Tum Buckle Perkong Pangkabit
97. Varnished Finish Monyeka
98. Varnish Varnisado
99. Foundation FootingPundasyon
100. Girt or Girder Sepo
101. Gravel Graba
102. Gutter Alulod, Canal
103. Hinge Bisagra
104. Horizontal Stud Trabe-Anzo
105. Hand Rail Gabay
106. Head Sombrero
107. Jamb Hamba
108. Kingpost Pendolum
109. Landing Mesa, Pahingaan
110. Lavatory Lababo
111. Machine Bolt Pierno Pasinta
112. Mixture of sand and gravel Lastilyas
113. Mortar Joints Kostura
114. Moulding Moldura
115. Newel Post Tukod
116. Nicolito Ear Estanyo
117. Nails Pako
118. Nut Tuerka
119. Oakum Estopa
120. Open Stringer Hardinera
121. Overhang or Projection Bolada
122. Panel Bandeha
123. Panelled Door De Bandeha
124. Pendulum Pendulion
125. Pan Gravel Grabita
126. Lead Tingga
127. Plank Board Senepa
128. Plug Tapon
129. Post Poste, Halige
130. Purlins Reostra, Purlina
131. Ridgeroll Caballete
132. Riser Takip Silipan
133. Rivets Rematse
134. Plain G.I. Sheet Hiero Liso Galbanisado
135. Nailers Pamakuan
136. Sketch Plan Krokis
137. Wire Alambre
138. Wrought Iron Strap Plantsuela
139. Wood Plank Tabla
140. Window Sill Pasimano
141. Screw Turnilyo
142. Septic Tank Poso Negro
143. Sheet Plantsa
144. Shower Dutcha
145. Stringer Madre
146. Solder Bar Estanyo
147. Split Knob Poleya
148. Top Chord Kilo, Tabilan
149. Transom Espeho
150. Tread Baytang per Dano
151. Truss Kilo
152. Washer Pitsa, Tsapa
153. Water Closet Inidoro
154. Bathroom Banyo
155. Window Grille Rehas
156. Window hand Sombrero Bintana
 

NAME DEFINITION PICTURE

1.Engineer
(Inhinyero) Engineers, as practitioners of
engineering, are professionals who
invent, design, analyze, build and test
machines, complex systems,
structures, gadgets and materials to
fulfill functional objectives and
requirements while considering the
limitations imposed by practicality,
regulation, safety and cost.

2.Architect ​ rchitecture is the art and science of

A
(Arkitekto) designing buildings and other physical
structures. A wider definition often
includes the design of the total built
environment from the macro level of
town planning, urban design, and
landscape architecture to the micro
level of construction details and,
sometimes, furniture.
 3.Carpenter ​ person who makes and repairs
A
(Karpintero) wooden objects and structures.

4.Contractor
(Kontratista) ​ person or company that undertakes
a
a contract to provide materials or labor
to perform a service or do a job.

- a worker responsible for mixing

5.Painter paints, matching colours,
(Pintor) preparing surfaces, and
applying paint to these surfaces.

- a person whose job is to lay

building materials, including
6.Mason concrete and brick, and
(Kantero) constructs or repairs surfaces of
structures.

- A person responsible for

7.​ ​Foreman ensuring that everything goes
(Kapatas) smoothly at a construction site.
Their main duties are
coordinating tasks for the day,
creating schedules for workers,
overseeing quality of the site,
and managing the budget. They
 also have to report the progress
of the project to superiors.

- Their job duties vary The job

duties of a general laborer vary.
They may include cleaning and
8.Laborer
preparing a job site, loading and
(Piyon)
delivering materials, and using a
variety of tools and machines
Laborers set up and take down
ladders, scaffolding, and other
temporary structures. They help
carpenters, masons, and other
specialized contractors.

- a person whose job is to supply

9.Plumber and connect or repair water
(Tubero) pipes, baths, toilets, etc.

- is a tradesman specializing in
10.Electrician electrical wiring of buildings,
(Elektrisyan) transmission lines, stationary
machines, and related
equipment. Electricians may be
employed in the installation of
new electrical components or
the maintenance and repair of
existing electrical infrastructure.

- a worker who makes or repairs

11.​ ​Tinsmith things of sheet metal (such as
(Latero) tinplate)
 - is a skilled trade and a craft in
12.Carpentry which the primary work
(Karpinterya) performed is the cutting,
shaping and installation of
building materials during the
construction of buildings, ships,
timber bridges, concrete
formwork, etc.

- the art and craft of building and

13.Masonry fabricating in stone, clay, brick,
(Kantaria) or concrete block. Construction
of poured concrete, reinforced
or unreinforced, is often also
considered masonry.

- a pasty composition (as of lime

14. Plaster or gypsum, water, and sand)
(Palitada) that hardens on drying and is
used for coating walls, ceilings,
and partitions.

- system of pipes and fixtures

15. Plumbing installed in a building for the
(Tuberia) distribution and use of potable
(drinkable) water and the
removal of waterborne wastes. It
is usually distinguished from
water and sewage systems that
serve a group of buildings or a
city.
 - is the construction and
16.Tinsmithing installation of cut out and
(Lateria) shaped elements made of
various types of tin into private
or public buildings, depending
on the needs of the investor he
works for.

- any of numerous ancient,

17. Foot medieval​, and modern linear
(Piye) measures (commonly 25 to 34
cm) based on the length of the
human foot.
- it generally consists of 12
inches or one-third yard.

- the fundamental unit of length in

18. Meter the ​metric system​, equivalent to
(Metro/Miter) 39.37 U.S. inches, and being
very nearly, equal to one
ten-millionth of the distance from
the equator to the pole
measured on a meridian.

- is a unit of ​British Imperial​ and

19.Inches US Customary measure equal
(Pulgada) to 1​​ /​36​ of a ​yard​.
- derives from the Old English
ince, or ynce, which was
“one-twelfth” of a Roman ​foot​, or
pes.

- the amount or quantity of

20.Weight heaviness or mass; amount a
(Bigat) thing weighs.
 - Any action applied to an object
21.Force which would cause the object to
(Pwersa) move, change the way it is
currently moving, or change its
shape. A force can also be
thought of as a push
(compressive force) or pull
(tensile force) acting on an
object.

- A ​dos aguas roof has two sides

22. Gable Roof or slopes (a gable roof). It is one
(Dos Aguas) of the most common kinds of
room in Filipino homes because
of its simplicity.

- According to the United Architects of

23. Hip roof the Philippines, storm-ready homes
(Quatro Aguas) have 4-sided roofs, are made of
concrete, are elevated on stilts,
among other features

- A structure with a single-pitch ​roof

24. Lean to roof that is attached to the ​side​ of a
(Sibe/ Sibi) building as a wing or extension
25. Astragal - An astragal is commonly used to seal
(Balidura) between a pair of doors. The astragal
closes the clearance gap created by
bevels on one or both mating doors,
and helps deaden sound. The
vertical member (molding) attaches
to a stile on one of a pair of either
sliding or swinging doors, against
which the other door seals when
closed. Exterior astragals are ​kerfed
for weatherstripping.

26. Beam - A ​beam​ is a ​structural element​ that

(Biga) primarily resists ​loads​ applied
laterally to the beam's axis. Its mode
of deflection is primarily by ​bending​.
The loads applied to the beam result
in ​reaction forces​ at the beam's
support points. The total effect of all
the forces acting on the beam is to
produce ​shear forces​ and ​bending
moments​ within the beam, that in
turn induce internal stresses, strains
and deflections of the beam. Beams
are characterized by their manner of
support, profile (shape of
cross-section), equilibrium
conditions, length, and their material.

- Balusters are those vertical,

27. Balusters vase-like posts or legs on
(Barandillas)
railings that can be made of
wood, iron, stone, or other
materials
 - ​ baseboard (also called
a
28. Baseboard skirting board, skirting,
(Rodapies) mopboard, floor molding, or
base molding) is usually ​wooden
or ​vinyl​ ​board​ covering the
lowest part of an interior ​wall​. Its
purpose is to cover the joint
between the wall surface and
the floor. It covers the uneven
edge of flooring next to the wall;
protects the wall from ​kicks​,
abrasion​, and furniture; and can
serve as a decorative molding.

29. Bath Tub -​ ​bathtub is a bathroom fixture, a tub

(Baniera) that you can fill with water for bathing.

30.Bottom -The horizontal (and inclined, ie.

Chord (Tirante) scissor trusses) member defining the
lower edge of a truss, carrying ceiling
loads where applicable. This member
is subject to tensile and bending
stresses. (On a simply supported,
non-cantilevered truss).

31. Brick -​a small rectangular block typically made

(Ladrillo) of fired or sun-dried clay, used in building.
 32. Canopy - ​A ​canopy is an overhead roof or else
(Media Agua) a structure over which a fabric or metal
covering is attached, able to provide
shade or shelter from weather
conditions such as sun, hail, snow and
rain. A ​canopy can also be a tent,
generally without a floor.

33.Cast Iron - ​Cast irons have become an

Hiero, Pondido engineering material with a wide range of
(pondiding applications and are used in pipes,
bakal) machines and automotive industry parts,
such as cylinder heads, cylinder blocks
and gearbox cases. It is resistant to
damage by oxidation

34. Ceiling - the upper interior surface of a room

(Kisame) or other similar compartment

- the inside ​surface of a ​room that you can

see​ when you ​look​ above you.

35. Ceiling joist - ​Ceiling Joists are the horizontal members

(Kostilayahe) that provide a structure to fix the ceiling,
and support and fix the diagonal rafters that
define the roof shape and are attached at
the top to a ridge beam.
 36.Cement - ​Cement is a fine, soft, powdery-type
(Semento) substance. It is made from a mixture of
elements that are found in natural materials
such as limestone, clay, sand and/or shale.
When cement is mixed with water, it can
bind sand and gravel into a hard, solid
mass called ​concrete​.

37. Cement Tile ​ ement tiles​ or h

C ​ ydraulic tiles​ are
(Baldosa) handmade colourful tiles used as floor and
wall tiling.They are mostly known
throughout the world as ​encaustic cement
tile​.They were much cheaper, more
durable and easier to make than the
previous handmade glazed ceramic tiles.

38.Column -​is a structural element that transmits,

(Kolumna/Poste) through ​compression​, the weight of the
structure above to other structural
elements below. In other words, a column
is a ​compression member​. For the purpose
of ​wind​ or ​earthquake engineering​,
columns may be designed to resist lateral
forces. Columns are frequently used to
support ​beams​ or a ​ rches​ on which the
upper parts of walls or ceilings rest.
 39. Concrete -​ in ​construction​, structural material
*Slab* consisting of a hard, chemically inert
(Larga Masa, particulate substance, known as ​aggregate
Konkreto) (usually ​sand​ and gravel), that is bonded
together by ​cement​ and ​water​.
-used to create ​flat​ horizontal surfaces
such as ​floors​, r​ oof​ ​decks​ and ​ceilings​.

40.Concrete -​A ​s​tructural member of reinforced

(Beam Biga) concrete placed horizontally to carry loads
over openings. Because both bending and
shear in such beams induce tensile
stresses, steel reinforcing tremendously
increases beam strength. Usually, beams
are designed under the assumption that
tensile stresses have cracked the concrete
and the steel reinforcing is carrying all the
tension

41. Corrugated Corrugated Sheets are roofing sheets

G.I. Sheets for spanning across roof purlins. The
(Hiero Canalado corrugation on what would be a flat
Galbanisado) sheet otherwise gives the sheet rigidity
along its length, stopping it from
sagging between the support.

42.Closed Closed stringer is a​ staircase string

Stringer whose upper edge is straight and
(Escalera) parallel to its lower edge; the tread and
riser ends are housed in the face of the
string and are concealed.
 43.Crushed Crushed stone​ ​is used as aggregate in
Stone construction material uses. The most
(Excombro) common types of rock processed into
crushed stone include limestone, dolomite,
granite, and traprock. Smaller amounts of
marble, slate, sandstone, quartzite, and
volcanic cinder are also used as
construction aggregates.

44. Ceiling Ceiling board helps conceal the

Board structure of the roof from the inside and
(Kostilyahe) the untidy electrical wires and pipe
lines above, as well as beautifying the
house. Note that there various type of
ceiling.

(example on the left is a vinyl ceiling)

45. Chain Bolt The bolt at the lower end of the chain
(Bakal de plate, which fastens it to the vessel's
Kadena) side.Chain Bolt provides convenient
security. The spring loaded bolt allows
for automatic locking. The chain bolt is
ideal for doors, barns, sheds and more.

46. Earthfill Earth backfill is composed of natural

(Eskombro) earth material placed and compacted
in confined spaces or adjacent to
structures (including pipes) by hand
tamping, manually directed power
tampers or vibrating plates, or their
equivalent.
 47. Exterior Exterior Siding is the protective
Siding material attached to the exterior side of
(Tabika) a wall of a house or other building

48.Eave (Alero) An eave is the edge of a roof that

sticks out or hangs over the building's
side. Sometimes they are over
exposed rafters. Eaves are found on
the outside of a structure, and
sometimes they project or protrude well
beyond the edge. ... And that's what it
is: a border between the wall and roof.

49. Fascia - ​The fascia board is the long, straight

Board board that runs along the lower edge of
(Senepa) the roof. The fascia is fixed directly to
the lower ends of the roof trusses and
usually does all the work of supporting
the lower edge of the bottom row of
tiles. The fascia board also carries all
the guttering.
50.Fill (Tambak) -​A fill refers to a volume of earthen
material that is placed and compacted
for the purpose of filling in a hole or
depression. Embankments or fills are
constructed of materials that usually
consist of soil, but may also include
aggregate, rock, or crushed paving
material.
-fill operation is a procedure in which
the elevation of a surface is modified
by addition of a surface material.

51. Filler - ​Fillers are the particles which are

(Tapal, Dagdag) added to the material like concrete,
composite materials and plastics to
reduce the usage of expensive binder
materials. Gravel, stone and sand are
used as filler materials which reduce
the usage of cement in concrete and
also cheaper.

52.Fillet -​In ​engineering​, the term ‘fillet’ can be

(Batidora) used to refer to a round joint between
two parts connected at an angle.
-​Fillets commonly appear on welded,
soldered, or brazed joints.
 53. Door -​a hinged, sliding, or revolving barrier
(Pinto) at the entrance to a building, room, or
vehicle, or in the framework of a
cupboard.

54.Door Hand -​A door handle is a small round object

(Sombrero or a lever that is attached to a door and
Pintuan) is used for opening and closing it.

55. Door Jamb -​each of the two upright parts of a

(Hamba Pintuan) doorframe, on one of which the door is
hung.

56. Downspout -a pipe to carry rainwater from a roof to

(Tubo de a drain or to ground level.
Banada)
 - A device by which a flow of
57.Faucet liquid or gas from a pipe or
(Gripo) container can be controlled; a
tap

- Flooring is the general term for a

58. Flooring permanent covering of a floor, or
(Suelo) for the work of installing such a
floor covering.

- A joist is a horizontal structural

59.Floor Joist member used in framing to span
(Solera) an open space, often between
beams that subsequently
transfer loads to vertical
members.

- A large timber laid flat on the

60. Floor Sill ground or in a level, shallow
(Guililan) ditch, to which are fastened the
drill-platform boards or planking,
or which is used as the base for
a full timber set
61.Alternate or - are columns placed at intervals which
Staggered do not represent the standard grid
system within building.
(Uno Sinotra)

62. Anchor - use to secure objects to materials

(Liyabe) that are normally resistant to screw or
nails such as concrete.

63.Aligned - place or arrange things in a straight

(Kalinya) line.

64. Alignment - arrangement in a straight line, or in

(Asintada) correct or appropriate relative
positions.
 65. Barrel Bolt -a rod-shaped bolt for fastening a door
(Tarantikilya) or the like, attached to one side of the
door at the edge and sliding into a
socket on the frame of the opening.

66. Brace -in structural engineering, is a

(Pie de Gallo) connecting element that ensures the
stability of a main (supporting) member
of the frame and contributes to the
three-dimensional rigidity of the
structure as a whole.

67.Collar -A ring placed around an object to

(Sinturon) restrict its motion, hold it in place, or
cover an opening.

68. Reinforcing -is a steel bar or mesh of steel wires

Bars used as a tension device in reinforced
(Cabilla or concrete and reinforced masonry
Bakal) structures to strengthen and aid the
concrete under tension.

-known when massed as

“reinforcement steel”
69.Rafters (Kilo) ​ ne of several internal beams
o
extending from the eaves to the peak
of a roof and constituting its framework.

70. Putty is a material with high plasticity, similar

(Masilya) in texture to clay or dough, typically
used in domestic construction and
repair as a sealant or filler.

71. Flush is used in the construction industry to

(Alahado) indicate a cleaning or scouring of
water, sewer or other type of
transmission line for liquid. To flush a
line is normally meant to clean the line
with high pressure water that is
inserted in a clean out, within the
pipeline or at the beginning of the line.

72.Groove ​ is a slot or trench cut into a member

(Canal) which runs parallel to the grain.

73. Grooved providerd with or having a groove or

(Canalada) grooves.
74.Laying of Interlocking Concrete Hollow Blocks
CHB (Asinta) piling, following the Alternating
Horizontal and Vertical Running Bond
Laying​ Process.

75. Level ​ n instrument used to establish a level

A
(Lebel) line, for use on site, to layout elevation or
assist in the erection or installation of
construction components.

76. Miter The miter (mitre) joint is one formed by the

meeting of two pieces at a corner, on a line
(Kanto Mesa) bisecting the right angle.

77. Pickwork - is generally T-shaped ​hand tool​ used for

(Piketa) prying​. Its head is typically metal, attached
perpendicularly to a longer handle,
traditionally made of wood, occasionally
metal, and increasingly fiberglass.
 78. Pattern - is the technique of working with a 2D
(Patilya) medium (i.e. paper or fabric) to develop
blocks (using either body or garment
measurements) which will assist in making
garments to drape a 3D body to achieve
the desired fit with optimum utilization of
resources

79. Plaster - ​a soft mixture of lime with sand or

(Palitada) cement and water for spreading on
walls, ceilings, or other structures to
form a smooth hard surface when
dried.

80.Projection - is a general term used in the code to

(Bolado) describe all projections extending
beyond the exterior wall of a building.

81. Plumb Bob - A plumb bob, or plummet, is a weight,

(Hulog) usually with a pointed tip on the
bottom, suspended from a string and
used as a vertical reference line, or
plumb-line.

- The Egyptians invented the plumb

bob more than 4000 years ago. They
used it to establish vertical references
that were indispensable in the
construction of their buildings,
pyramids and canals.
 - a line with a plumb attached to
82.Plumb Line it, used for finding the depth of
(Hulog) water or determining the vertical
on an upright surface.
- A plumb line is a weight
suspended from a string used
as a vertical reference line to
ensure a structure is centered.
As they always find the vertical
axis pointing to the center of
gravity, they ensure everything
is right, justified and centered.

- Quarter round is a convex

83. Quarter molding with a cross section in
Round the form of a quarter circle. A
(Mediacana) variation is a base shoe, a
quarter of an ellipse. Most
quarter round is of small gauge
and relatively flexible.
 - a channel, groove, or recess cut
84.Rabbet out of the edge or face of a
(Vaciada) surface especially​ : one
intended to receive another
member (such as a panel).

- It is ​the first coat applied in

85. Scratch plastering having lines
Coat scratched on its surface to
(Rebokada) improve the bond with the next
coat.

- is a cement-based plaster
86.Stucco
that is applied over walls and
(Palitada)
other surfaces inside and
outside of buildings.
- It is made from cement, sand,
and lime and hardens into a
highly durable material that
requires little maintenance.
Like traditional decorative
plaster, stucco can be
troweled, brushed, or
otherwise textured to create a
variety of finish effects.
- Stucco typically is applied
over a galvanized wire mesh
called lath, which helps the
 stucco adhere to the
supporting structure and
strengthens the entire
assembly. Stucco usually is
mixed on-site and is applied
in three coats.

- The outline of an object is called

87. Shape shape​. It can be identified as
(Korte) one dimensional, two
dimensional, three dimensional
and geometrical.

- ​ ajada​, (Spanish: “slope”, )also

B
88.Slope spelled ​Bahada​, broad slope of
(Bahada) debris spread along the lower
slopes of mountains by
descending streams, usually
found in arid or semiarid
climates; the term was adopted
because of its use in the U.S.
Southwest. A bajada is often
formed by the coalescing of
several alluvial fans. Such
coalescent fans are often
mistaken for erosional landforms
known as pediments.

- The act of providing with ​spaces

89. Spacing or placing at intervals
(Blento) - A​n arrangement in ​space
 - a strong wooden or metal post with
90.Stake a point at one end, driven into the
(Istaka) ground to support a tree, form part
of a fence, act as a boundary mark,
etc.

- Tempering is a heat treatment

91. Temper technique applied to ferrous
(Istaka) alloys, such as steel or cast iron,
to achieve greater toughness by
decreasing the hardness of the
alloy. The reduction in hardness
is usually accompanied by an
increase in ductility, thereby
decreasing the brittleness of the
metal.

- A stretching screw or
92.Turnbuckle bottlescrew is a device for
(Perkong adjusting the tension or length of
Pangkabit) ropes, cables, tie rods, and
other tensioning systems.
- It normally consists of two
threaded eye bolts, one screwed
into each end of a small metal
frame, one with a left-hand
thread and the other with a
right-hand thread.

93. Varnished - Varnish is primarily used in

Finish wood finishing applications
(Monyeka) where the natural tones and
grains in the wood are intended
to be visible. It is applied over
wood stains as a final step to
achieve a film for gloss and
 protection. Varnish finishes are
usually glossy but may be
designed to produce satin or
semi-gloss sheens by the
addition of "flatting" agents.

94.Varnish -a preparation consisting of

(Varnisado) resinous matter, as copal or lac,
dissolved in an oil (oil varnish )
or in alcohol (spirit varnish ) or
other volatile liquid. When
applied to the surface of wood,
metal, etc., it dries and leaves a
hard, more or less glossy,
usually transparent coating.

95. Foundation -Footings are an important part

Footing of foundation construction. They
(Pundasyon) are typically made of concrete
with rebar reinforcement that
has been poured into an
excavated trench. The purpose
of footings is to support the
foundation and prevent settling.
Footings are especially
important in areas with
troublesome soils.

-In engineering, a foundation is

the element of a structure which
connects it to the ground, and
transfers loads from the
structure to the ground.
Foundations are generally
considered either shallow or
deep.
 - A horizontal main supporting
96.Girt or Girder beam that carries a vertical
(Sepo) concentrated load.
- Refer to a supporting, horizontal
beam that can be made from a
variety of construction materials
such as stainless steel, concrete
or combination of both.

- Aggregate of more or less

97. Gravel rounded rock fragments coarser
(Graba) than the sand. Gravel beds in
some places contain
accumulation of heavy metallic
ore minerals, such as cassiterite
(major source of tin), or native
metals such as gold, in nuggets
or flakes. Gravels are widely
used building material

- An open pipe, usually at the

98.Gutter lower edge of the roof that
Alullod, (Canal) collects and carries away rain
 99. Hinge ​ movable joint or mechanism
A
(Bisagra) on which a door, gate, or lid
swings as it opens and closes or
which connects linked objects​.

100.Horizontal A vertical wood framing

Stud member, also referred to as a
(Trabe-Anzo) wall stud, attached to the
horizontal sole plate below and
the top plate above. Normally 2
X 4's or 2 X 6's, 8' long
(sometimes 92 5/8"). One of a
series of wood or metal vertical
structural members placed as
supporting elements in walls
and partitions.

101. Hand Rail ​ ​handrail is​ a rail that ​is

A
(Gabay) designed to be grasped by the
hand so as to provide stability or
support. ​Handrails are
commonly used while ascending
or descending stairways and
escalators in order to prevent
injurious falls. ​Handrails are
typically supported by posts or
mounted directly to walls.
 - u​sed in workplace environments
102.Head such as industrial or
(Sombrero) construction​ sites to protect
the ​head​ from injury due to
falling objects, impact with other
objects, debris, rain, and electric
shock.

- typically refers to the vertical

103. Jamb up-right ​components​ that ​form
(Hamba) the sides or of ​door​ or ​window
frames​.

- is a central vertical post used in 

104.Kingpost architectural or bridge designs, 
(Pendulum) taking tension to support a 
beam below from a truss apex 
above.

- the horizontal platform at the

105. Landing end of a stair flight or between
Mesa, two flights of stairs.
(Pahingaan)
 - a bowl or basin with running
106.Lavatory water for washing or bathing
(Lababo) purposes.

- a threaded fastener that is used

107. Machine with a nut for connecting metal
Bolt (Pierno parts, having a thread diameter
Pasinta) of about 1/4 inch (6.4
millimeters) or more and a
square or hexagonal head for
tightening by a wrench.

- Is one of the most common

108.Mixture of inorganic materials used in the
Sand and Gravel construction industry for filling in
(Lastilyas) the lower layers of various
bases, for example, asphalt or
other pavement, and for the
manufacture of various mortars
with the addition of water.

- Are the spaces between bricks,

109. Mortar concrete blocks, or glass blocks
Joints (Kostura) that are filled with mortar or
grout.
 - Also known as covings, are
110.Moulding decorative strips used to cover
(Moldura) transitions between surfaces in
aesthetically pleasing ways.

- the upright post that sits at the

111. Newel Post top and/or bottom of the
(Tukod) balustrade to support a
staircase banister and secure
the balustrade. Newel posts
don't just give a balustrade
structure and strength, they also
offer the perfect opportunity to
add a decorative touch to your
stairway.

- A good general purpose dipping

112.Nicolito Bar solder. This solder is for use as
(Estanyo) a general purpose solder for
sheet metal, radio and TV
applications.
 - A basic type of fastener and
113. Nails have been used in construction
(Pako) in joining pieces of timber or for
fastening materials to timber
and are suitable when a screw
is unnecessary.

114.Nut -​A nut is a type of fastener with a

(Tuerka) threaded hole. Nuts are almost always
used in conjunction with a mating bolt
to fasten multiple parts together. The
two partners are kept together by a
combination of their threads' friction, a
slight stretching of the bolt, and
compression of the parts to be held
together.

115. Oakum ​ akum is a preparation of tarred fibre

O
(Estopa) used to seal gaps. Its main traditional
applications were in shipbuilding, for
caulking or packing the joints of
timbers in wooden vessels and the
deck planking of iron and steel ships; in
plumbing, for sealing joints in cast iron
pipe; and in log cabins for chinking.
 116.Open -​Staircase stringer is a structural
Stringer member installed on either side or in
(Hardinera) the center of a flight of stairs into which
the treads and risers are fixed. Open
stringer is cut open on the rise and run
when viewed from the side. The sides
of the tread are exposed which need
additional treatment for a better look.

- in masonry, stones which are

117. Overhang set forward of the general wall
or Projection surface to provide a rugged or
(Bolada) rustic appearance.

- a large, relatively thin board or

118.Panel sheet of lumber, plywood, or
(Bandeha) other material used as a wall
covering.

- a door having stiles, rails, and

119. Panelled sometimes mutins which form
Door (De one or more frames around
Bandeha) (thinner) recessed panels.

- A body suspended from a fixed

120.Pendulum point so that it can swing back
(Pendulion) and forth under the influence of
gravity. Pendulums are used to
regulate the movement of clocks
because the interval of time for
each complete oscillation, called
the period, is constant.
 - A shallow bowl in which gold is
121. Pan Gravel separated from gravel and mud
(Grabita) by agitation and washing.

- A chemical element with the

122.Lead symbol Pb and atomic number
(TIngga) 82. It is a heavy metal that is
denser than most common
materials. Lead is soft and
malleable, and also has a
relatively low melting point.
When freshly cut, lead is silvery
with a hint of blue; it tarnishes to
a dull gray color when exposed
to air.

- is timber that is flat, elongated,

123. Plank and rectangular with parallel
Board faces that are higher and longer
than wide. Used primarily in
(Senepa)
carpentry, planks are critical in
the construction of ships,
houses, bridges, and many
other structures. Planks also
serve as supports to form
shelves and tables.
 - a thick, circular piece of rubber
124.Plug or plastic that you use to block
(Tapon) the hole in a bath or sink when it
is filled with water. She put the
plug in the sink and filled it with
cold water. A plug is a small,
round piece of wood, plastic, or
wax which is used to block
holes.

- i​s a main vertical or leaning

125. Post support in a structure similar to
(Poste, Halige) a column or pillar but the term
post generally refers to a timber
but may be metal or stone.

- a longitudinal member in a roof

126.Purlins frame, usually for supporting
(Reostra, common rafters or the like
Purlina) between the plate and the
ridge..

- a wood strip, rounded on top,

127. Ridgeroll which is used to finish the ridge
(Caballete) of a roof, often covered with
lead sheathing; a metal or tile
covering which caps the ridge of
a roof.
 - each of the vertical boards
128.Riser (Takip closing the spaces between the
Silipan) treads of stairways.

- a short metal pin or bolt for

129. Rivets holding together 2 plates of
(Rematse) metal, its headless end being
beaten out or pressed down
when in place.

- (Galvanized Iron) sheets are

130.Plain G.I. metal formed by an industrial
Sheet (Hiero process into thin, flat pieces.
Liso - One of the Fundamental forms
Galbanisado) used in metalworking and it can
be cut and bent into a variety of
shapes.

- (nail gun) is a tool used to drive

131. Nailer nails into wood or some other
(Pamakuan) kind of material.
- Usually driven by compressed
air (pneumatic),
electromagnetism, highly
flammable gases like butane
and propane, or for
powder-actuated tools, a small
explosive charge.
 - is an illustrative plan or model
132.Sketch Plan that shows the maximum
(Krokis) densities for residential and
non-residential development,
including building massing and
height, locations of public use
and other spaces, and the
relationship to existing and
proposed buildings and
properties.

- is a single usually cylindrical,

133. Wire flexible strand or rod of metal.
(Alambre) Wires are used to bear
mechanical loads or electricity
and telecommunications signals.
Wire is commonly formed by
drawing the metal through a
hole in a die or draw plate.

- is both functional and

134. Wrought ornamental, used for railings,
Iron Strap brackets, hinges, hardware,
(Plantsuela) tools and decoration. The low
carbon content of the ​iron
makes it fibrous, pliable, tough
and more resistant to rust than
many other metals.

135.Wood Plank a ​timber that is flat, elongated, and

(Tabla) rectangular with parallel faces that are
higher and longer than wide. Used
primarily in carpentry, planks are critical in
the construction of ships, houses, bridges,
and many other structures.
136. Window ​a ledge or sill forming the bottom part of a
Sill (Pasimano) window.

137. Screw ​ short, slender, sharp-pointed metal

a
(Turnilyo) pin with a raised helical thread running
around it and a slotted head.

138.Septic Tank A septic tank is an underground

(Poso Negro) chamber made of concrete, fiberglass,
or plastic through which domestic
wastewater flows for basic treatment.
Settling and anaerobic processes
reduce solids and organics, but the
treatment efficiency is only moderate.
Septic tank systems are a type of
simple onsite sewage facility.

139.Sheet Sheet piles are sections of sheet

(Plantsa) materials with interlocking edges that
are driven into the ground to provide
earth retention and excavation support.
Sheet piles are most commonly made
of steel, but can also be formed of
timber or reinforced concrete
 140.Shower A device that releases drops of water
(Dutcha) through a lot of very small holes and
that you stand under to wash your
whole body:

- a timber or other support for

141. Stringer cross members in floors or
(Madre) ceilings. In stairs, the supporting
member for stair treads. Usually
a 2 X 12 inch plank notched to
receive the treads.

- made solely from high purity

142. Solder Bar metal, produces a low
(Estanyo) proportion of dross and its
suitable for dip and wave
soldering.

- a knob-shaped insulator split

143. Split Knob into two parts with either or both
(Poleya) of the opposing surfaces
notched for wires.
 144. Top Chord ​ n inclined or horizontal member that
A
(Kilo, Tabilan) establishes the ​upper​ edge of a truss.

145. Transom ​A transverse horizontal structural beam or

(Espeho) bar, or a crosspiece separating a door from a
window above it.

146.Tread ​ he horizontal portion of a set of stairs

T
(Baytang per on which a person walks.
Dano)

147. Truss ​A truss is essentially a triangulated system of

(Kilo) straight interconnected structural elements. The
most common use of trusses is in buildings, where
support to roofs, the floors and internal loading such
as services and suspended ceilings, are readily
provided.
 148. Washer ​A washer is a thin plate (typically
(Pitsa, Tsapa) disk-shaped, but sometimes square) with a
hole (typically in the middle) that is normally
used to distribute the load of a threaded
fastener, such as a bolt or nut.

149.Water
Closet (Inidoro)
an enclosed room or compartment
containing a toilet bowl fitted with a
mechanism for flushing.

150.Bathroom a room, esp in a factory or office block,

(Banyo) in which lavatories, washbasins, etc,
are situated. A bathroom (also known
as a restroom, washroom, toilet or
lavatory) is where people go for
personal hygiene activities. This
includes use of the toilet, wash their
hands, brush their teeth, take a bath, or
take a shower.

151.Window Window Grilles are decorative pattern

Grill (Rehas) on a window or door consisting of
horizontal and/or vertical bars that
divide the larger sheet of glass into
smaller panes. Grille types include
simulated divided lites (SDL), true
 divided lites (TDL), grilles in the
airspace (GIA), and wood removable
grilles.

152. Window A window handle is a short length of

Hand (Sombrero material that attaches to a window in
Bintana) order to aid rotation of the hinge and
therefore opening and closing of the
window.