EMTH118 Engineering Mathematics 1A (2010 S2)

Tutorial 9 (in-tutorial problems) — Solutions

Dr. A. Willms, Dept. of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Canterbury

1. Use integration by parts to determine each of the following.

Z Z
(a) sec2 (t) tan(t) dt (b) (5t − 2) sin (t − 1) dt
Z Z
(c) e3t sin(−2t) dt (d) 2t ln |t + 4| dt
√ √
Z Z
x − 1 ln x2 − 2x + 1 dx


(e) x 2 + 4x dx (f)
Z Z
(a) sec2 (t) tan(t) dt = tan(t) tan(t) − tan(t) sec2 (t) dt.
Z
1
Hence sec2 (t) tan(t))) dt = tan2 (t) + C.
2
(b)
Z Z
(5t − 2) sin (t − 1) dt = − (5t − 2) cos(t − 1) − −5 cos(t − 1) dt

= (2 − 5t) cos(t − 1) + 5 sin(t − 1) + C.

(c)
Z Z
3t 1 3t 1 3t
I= e sin(−2t) dt = e sin(−2t) − e (−2) cos(−2t) dt
3 3
 Z 
1 2 1 3t 1 3t
= e3t sin(−2t) + e cos(−2t) − e (2) sin(−2t) dt
3 3 3 3
Therefore    
4 1 3t 2
1+ I= e sin(−2t) + cos(−2t) ,
9 3 3
and  
3 3t 2
I= e sin(−2t) + cos(−2t) + C.
13 3
Z Z
1
(d) 2t ln |t + 4| dt = t2 ln |t + 4|− t2 dt. Let u = t+4 in this last integral, then du = dt
t+4
and
(u − 4)2
Z Z
2t ln |t + 4| dt = t2 ln |t + 4| − du
u
Z
16
= t2 ln |t + 4| − u − 8 + du
u
u2
= t2 ln |t + 4| − + 8u − 16 ln |u| + C1
2
(t + 4)2
= t2 ln |t + 4| − + 8(t + 4) − 16 ln |t + 4| + C1
2
t2
= (t2 − 16) ln |t + 4| − + 4t + C,
2
where we have absorbed the constant 24 into C.
(e)
√
Z Z
1 1 x 1
x 2 + 4x dx = x (2 + 4x)3/2 − (2 + 4x)3/2 dx = (2 + 4x)3/2 − (2 + 4x)5/2 + C
6 6 6 60
(2 + 4x)3/2 (2 + 4x)3/2
 
2 + 4x
= x− +C = (3x − 1) + C
6 10 30

1
 (f)
√ 2x − 2
Z Z
2 2
x − 1 ln x2 − 2x + 1 dx = (x − 1)3/2 ln x2 − 2x + 1 − (x − 1)3/2 2



dx
3 3 x − 2x + 1
Z
2 4
= (x − 1)3/2 ln x2 − 2x + 1 − (x − 1)1/2 dx


3 3
2
8
= (x − 1)3/2 ln x2 − 2x + 1 − (x − 1)3/2 + C.
3  9 
2 4
= (x − 1)3/2 ln x2 − 2x + 1 −


+ C.
3 3
Z 3
2. Use Riemann sums to find (16 − x2 ) dx.
0
n
X n(n + 1)(2n + 1)
[Hint: The following result will be useful: i2 = 12 + 22 + 32 + · · · + n2 = .]
i=1
6
Divide [0, 3] into n subintervals with length ∆x = 3
n and choose x∗1 , x∗2 , . . . x∗n as the right-hand end
points. That is, x∗i = 3i
n . Then
n n  2 ! n
! n
X X 3i 9 X 2 X
Sn = f (x∗i )∆x
= 16 − ∆x = ∆x 16 − 2 i
i=1 i=1
n
i=1
n i=1
3(2n2 + 3n + 1)
   
9 n(n + 1)(2n + 1) 3
= ∆x 16n − 2 = 16n −
n 6 n 2n
  
3 3 1
= 3 16 − 2+ + 2
2 n n
Thus Z 3
(16 − x2 )dx = lim Sn = 39,
0 n→∞

which can be checked in the usual way.

Z 6
3. This question asks you to find the definite integral (4t + 3) dt by three different methods.
2

(a) Find the integral by calculating the signed area under the graph, using the formula for the
area of a trapezium (base x average height).
(b) Find the integral using Riemann sums.
(c) Find the integral by the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus.

(a) The required integral is the area of the trapezium with base equal to 4 and average height
equal to (11 + 27)/2 = 19. Hence
Z 6
(4t + 3) dt = 4 × 19 = 76.
2

(b) Divide [2, 6] into n subintervals with length ∆t = n4 and choose t∗1 , t∗2 , . . . t∗n as the right-hand
end points. That is, t∗i = 2 + 4i n . Then
n n   n    
X
∗
X 4i X 4i
Sn = f (ti )∆t = f 2+ ∆t = ∆t 4 2+ +3
i=1 i=1
n i=1
n
n n
!    
X 16 X 4 16 n(n + 1) 1
= ∆t 11 + i = 11n + = 44 + 32 1 +
i=1
n i=1 n n 2 n

Hence Z 6
(4t + 3)dt = lim Sn = 44 + 32 = 76.
2 n→∞

2
 (c) 2t2 + 3t is an antiderivative of 4t + 3. So
Z 6 6
(4t + 3)dt = 2t2 + 3t 2 = 2 × 62 + 3 × 6 − (2 × 22 + 3 × 2) = 76


2

4. Use integration by parts to compute the following definite integrals.

Z 2 Z 3 Z 3/2 Z 1 √
4te−3t dt


(a) x sin(πx/4) dx (b) (c) y cos π(y−1) dy (d) x 3x − 1 dx
0 −1 −1/2 1/3