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Lazy Eights

This document provides instruction on performing the lazy eights maneuver. It begins with references and objectives, then lists and describes the key elements of the maneuver, including: selection of entry altitude and reference points, airspeed and power settings, coordination of flight controls, pitch and bank attitudes at different points, maintaining consistent airspeed and altitude, correcting for torque effects, and ensuring symmetrical loops with constant rate changes. It concludes with potential errors, commercial pilot practical test standards for the maneuver, and completion standards.

Uploaded by

Mike Aguirre
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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176 views3 pages

Lazy Eights

This document provides instruction on performing the lazy eights maneuver. It begins with references and objectives, then lists and describes the key elements of the maneuver, including: selection of entry altitude and reference points, airspeed and power settings, coordination of flight controls, pitch and bank attitudes at different points, maintaining consistent airspeed and altitude, correcting for torque effects, and ensuring symmetrical loops with constant rate changes. It concludes with potential errors, commercial pilot practical test standards for the maneuver, and completion standards.

Uploaded by

Mike Aguirre
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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XI.C.

Lazy Eights________________________________________________________________
References:
1. AC 60-14 (Aviation Instructor Handbook)
2. FAA-H-8083-3 (Airplane Flying Handbook)
3. FAA-S-8081-2 (Commercial Pilot Practical Test Standards) Pg. 1-22

Objective To develop the pilot’s feel for varying control forces, and the ability to plan
and remain oriented while maneuvering the plane with positive accurate control.

Elements 1. Selection of a suitable entry altitude


2. Selection of suitable reference points
3. Entry airspeed and power setting
4. Entry technique
5. Orientation, division of attention, and planning
6. Coordination of flight controls
7. Pitch and bank attitudes at key points during the maneuver
8. Consistent airspeed and altitude control at key points during the maneuver.
9. Proper correction for torque affect in right or left turns
10. Loop symmetry
11. Importance of constant rate pitch and bank attitude changes throughout the
maneuver.

Schedule 1. Discuss Objectives 03


2. Review Material 02
3. Development 20
4. Conclusion 05

Equipment 1. White Board / Markers


2. Model Airplane
3. Airplane Flying Handbook
4. Commercial PTS

IP’s Actions 1. Discuss lesson objectives


2. Present Lecture
3. Ask and Answer Questions

SP’s Actions 1. Participate in discussion


2. Take notes
3. Ask and respond to questions

Completion This lesson will be complete when the SP demonstrates an understanding of the elements
Standards related to Lazy Eights and can perform to PTS standards.

XI.C. Lazy Eights


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Instuctor’s Notes: Lazy Eights____________________________________________________
INTRODUCTION:

WHAT? - A lazy eight consists of two 180’ turns, in opposite directions, while making a climb and a descent in a
symmetrical pattern during each of the turns.

WHY ? - We do Lazy Eight’s so that we can develop a feel for the varying control forces, and the ability to plan
and remain oriented while maneuvering the airplane with positive, accurate control. It requires constantly
changing control pressures needed by changing combinations of climbing and descending turns at varying
airspeeds. This is a maneuver often used to develop and demonstrate the pilot’s mastery of the airplane in
maximum performance flight situations.

OVERVIEW - This lesson will cover the basic elements pertaining to Lazy 8’s, including:
1. Selection of a suitable entry altitude
2. Selection of suitable reference points
3. Entry airspeed and power setting
4. Entry technique
5. Orientation, division of attention, and planning
6. Coordination of flight controls
7. Pitch and bank attitudes at key points during the maneuver
8. Consistent airspeed and altitude control at key points during the maneuver.
9. Proper correction for torque affect in right or left turns
10. Loop symmetry
11. Importance of constant rate pitch and bank attitude changes throughout the maneuver.

DEVELOPMENT:

HOW ? Demonstrate w/ Model First


1) Selection of a suitable entry altitude
a) FSI and PTS require 1500’ AGL
2) Selection of suitable reference points
a) Prominent enough to readily locate
b) Small enough to be a reference (Lake Okeechobee would be bad)
c) Found at the 45deg, 90deg, and 135deg points from aircraft
3) Entry airspeed and power setting
a) Entry is at 95 Kts (2250 RPM)
4) Entry technique
a) Started from Level Flight with gradual climbing turn
b) Begin slowly pitching up and banking to obtain max pitch (15 deg) at 45 deg point
c) Lock Power Setting. Power will remain constant until maneuver completion
5) Orientation, division of attention, and planning
a) Outside, Reference point orientation, Horizon (Bank / Pitch)
b) Instruments (Airspeed, Altitude, Attitude)
c) Other aircraft
d) Planning to be at specified point at specified Airspeed, Altitude, and Attitude
6) Coordination of flight controls
a) AIRPLANE MUST BE COORDINATED FOR THIS TO WORK

XI.C. Lazy Eights


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7) Pitch and bank attitudes at key points during the maneuver
a) 45deg point
i) Pitch: Max Up
ii) Bank: Approx. 15 deg increasing
b) 90deg point
i) Pitch: Level
ii) Bank: Approx. 30 deg
c) 135 deg point
i) Pitch: Max Down (Depending on Pitch Up at 45 deg point)
ii) Bank: Approx. 15 deg decreasing
8) Consistent airspeed and altitude control at key points during the maneuver.
a) Airspeed and Altitude will be Equal at 0 deg and 180 deg points
b) Airspeed and Altitude should be Equal at 90 deg points of first and second Lazy 8
9) Proper correction for torque affect in right or left turns
a) Remember Left Turning Tendencies
i) Torque
ii) “P” Factor
iii) Spiral Slipstream
iv) Gyroscopic Precision
b) Left Turns will require LESS rudder input
c) Right Turns will require MORE rudder input
10) Loop symmetry
a) In order for Altitudes and Airspeeds to work out:
i) Airplane MUST be coordinated
ii) First 90 deg pitch/bank MUST be equal to Second 90 deg
11) Importance of constant rate pitch and bank attitude changes throughout the maneuver.
a) Lazy 8’s require constant pitch and bank changes
i) Begin by slowly increasing both pitch and bank until 45 deg point
ii) At 45 deg, decrease pitch while increasing bank until 90 deg point
iii) At 90 deg, both pitch and bank decreasing until 135 deg point
iv) At 135 deg, pitch increasing to level, and bank decreasing to level by 180 deg point
COMMON ERRORS
1. Poor selection of reference points
2. Uncoordinated use of flight controls
3. Unsymmetrical loops resulting from poorly planned pitch and bank attitude changes
4. Inconsistent airspeed and altitude at key points
5. Loss of orientation
6. Excessive deviation from reference points
COMMERCIAL PTS
1) Exhibits performance knowledge
2) Completes above 1500’ AGL
3) Selects Prominent 90 deg reference point
4) Starts at recommended power and airspeed
5) Remains oriented and demonstrates mastery of airplane
6) Achieves the following
a) Constant change of pitch, bank, and rate of turn
b) +/- 100 feet and +/- 10 Kts at each 90 deg point and at completion compared to start of maneuver
c) +/- 10 deg heading at each 180 deg point
7) Completes 2 circuits
COMPLETION STANDARDS
1. This lesson will be complete when student has adequate understanding of maneuver.
2. Student should demonstrate maneuver to PTS.

XI.C. Lazy Eights


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