INTERIOR GUARD DUTY

I. INTRODUCTION:s

Male and Female Cadets our subject for today is all about the INTERIOR
GUARD DUTY. In
this subject we can able to know what are the things to be kept in mind and the
qualities a person must posses to be an effective Military Leader. So listen very
carefully to my discussion and reserve all your questions because at the end of every
topic I would be entertaining it.

II LESSON TITLE: MILITARY ORGANIZATION

INTRODUCTION

The Armed Forces of the Philippines recognizes the constitution of the Republic
of the Philippines as the legitimate expression of the people’s will. It is mandated to
serve and protect the people and secure the sovereignty of the state and the integrity of
its national territory from internal and external threats. Therefore, the AFP pledges
allegiances to the Filipino people, adheres to the principle of supremacy of civilian
authority over the military at all times and vows to uphold and defined the constitution.

BRIEF HISTORY OF THE AFP

The AFP identifies itself with the Filipino people’s historical struggle for freedom
and justice and their vigilance against any attempt to violate the country’s integrity and
sovereignty. In retrospect, it recognizes the role of our ancestors as freedom fighters
and honors them for their democratic and nationalistic aspirations.

The AFP, as embodiment of the cherished marital values and traditions of the
Filipino people, traces its roots to certain historical events; foremost of which is the
Battle of Mactan on 27 Apr 1521 where Lapu-lapu, the acknowledge father of the AFP,
first signaled our loved for freedom; the Dagohoy Revolt in 1744, the Muslim resistance
and other similar uprisings against Spanish colonialism which continued our fight
against domination; the founding of the Katipunan on 7 Jul 1892 by Andres Bonifacio,
considered as the father of the Philippine Army, which exemplified Filipino solidarity;
the Tejeros Convention on 22 Mar 1897 that proclaimed officially our desire for
complete independence and gave birth to the Philippine Army.

On Jun 12, 1898, the independence was declared at Kawit, Cavite and for the
first time, the Philippine Flag was unfurled and our National Anthem was played. Later
on, the Philippine Navy was created on 22 Jun 1898 by the revolutionary army. The
Filipino-American hostilities between 1898 and 1899 further demonstrated the Filipino
soldier’s best in terms of honor, valor, loyalty, duty and solidarity despite the
overwhelming superiority of the enemy forces. To hasten the Philippine campaign and
to established peace and order, an insular police force known as the Philippine
Constabulary, was organized on 8 Aug 1901 followed by the establishment of the
Philippine Military Academy, on 7 Feb 1905.

On 21 December 1935, the National Defense Act was enacted officially to create
the AFP. The Defense of Bataan and Corregidor from the outbreak of World War II until
9 Apr and 6 May 1942 respectively against the Japanese invasion forces, the active
Philippine guerilla movement and the successful Anti-Huk campaign also best
exemplified the Filipino soldier’s heroism and love of country. The Philippine Air Force
was later established on 1 Jul 1947. Moreover, it is also noteworthy that the AFP had
participated in international peace keeping efforts as its commitment to the United
Nations such as the Philippine Expeditionary Force to Korea (PEFTOK) in the early
50’s, the Philippine Air Force Contingent in Congo, Africa in the early 60’s and the
Philippine Civic Action Group (PHILCAG) in South Vietnam in the 60’s. After the EDSA
event on February 22-25, 1986, the AFP has vigorously pursued a national
reconciliation effort for peace and progress.

MILITARY ORGANIZATION

It is defined as a group of persons or units bonded together to perform military

functions with definite responsibilities and duties assigned to each individual.

THE CHAIN OF COMMAND

In any organization, flow of authority and responsibility is of utmost importance.

It enables an orgn to function smoothly. And thus, everything that has to do with the
operation of the group must pass through channels. In the military point of view,
effective management of the groups is shown through the chain of command.

Commander-in-Chief – President, republic of the Philippines

Secretary of National Defense
Chief of Staff, AFP
Major Service Commanders (PA, PN, PAF)
Unified Command Commander (NOLCOM, SOLCOM, WESCOM, VISCOM,
SOUTHCOM)
Division Commanders
Brigade Commanders
Battalion Commanders
Company Commanders
Platoon Leaders
Squad Leaders/Team Leaders

DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL DEFENSE

 The Department of National Defense is located at Camp Emilio Aguinaldo,
EDSA, Quezon City.

The DND is the agency under the Executive Branch of the government which is
responsible for the supervision of the national defense program of the country. To
accomplish this mission, it has executive supervision over the bureaus, offices and
services that are placed by the President under its jurisdiction.

MISSION OF DND

1. To support and defend the constitution of the Republic of the Philippines

against all enemies both foreign and domestics.
2. To ensure, by timely and effective action, the security of the RP and of
vital interest.
3. To uphold and advance the national policies and interest of the RP.
4. To safeguard the internal security of the RP.

ARMED FORCES OF THE PHILIPPINES

In line with the accepted concept of civilian authority over the military and as
provided in our Constitution, the President is the Commander –in-Chief of the Armed
Forces of the Philippines. The President exercises strategic direction through the
Secretary of National Defense and exercises through the Chief of Staff, AFP who
directly represents him.

MISSION OF THE ARMED FORCES OF THE PHILIPPINES.

1. To uphold the sovereignty, support the constitution and defend the

territory of the RP against all enemies, both foreign and domestic.
2. To advance the national aims interests and policies.
3. To effectively plan for the organization, maintenance, development and
employment of its active and reserve forces for National Security.
4. To perform such other duties as the President may direct.

STATEMENT OF BASIC FUNCTIONS

1. The Chief of Staff, AFP – (GEN ROY A CIMATU AFP) is the highest
military officer in the AFP. Being the Commanding General of the AFP, he exercises
command over all elements of the organization. He executes the President’s command
functions in relation to military strategy, tactics and operation. He is the immediate
adviser of the DND and is responsible for the planning development and examination of
the National Defense Program.
 2. The Vice Chief of Staff, AFP – (LGEN GREGORIO M CAMILING JR AFP)
VCSAFP is the Deputy Commanding General of the AFP. He assist the Chief of Staff
and performs his function during the latter’s absence or inability to perform.

3. The Deputy Chief of Staff, AFP – (LGEN NARCISO L ABAYA AFP)

DCSAFP is designated by the CSAFP and exercises general supervision over the Joint
Staff and Special Staff (Administrative and Technical).

4. Secretary of Joint Staff, AFP – the SJSAFP is the executive officer of the
CSAFP, VCSAFP and DCSAFP. He is the secretary of the Joint Staff.

a. The Joint Chief, AFP:

The general staff of the AFP is known as the Joint Staff, AFP
(JSAFP). It is composed of the CSAFP, the VCSAFP, the DCSAFP and the heads of
the Joint Staff Divisions. Following are the different Joint Staff Divisions:

1) The Deputy Chief of Staff for Personnel and Administration,

J1
2) The Deputy Chief of Staff for Intelligence, J2
3) The Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations, J3
4) The Deputy Chief of Staff for Logistics, J4
5) The Deputy Chief of Staff for Plans, J5
6) The Deputy Chief of Staff for Comptrollership, J6
7) The Deputy Chief of Staff for Civil Military Operation, J7
8) The Deputy Chief of Staff for Education and Training, J8
9) The Deputy Chief of Staff for Material Development, J9
10) The Deputy Chief of Staff for Reservist and Retirees Affairs,
J10
11) The Deputy Chief of Staff for Electronics & Communication,
J11

b. The Special Staff:

The Special Staff for the AFP consist of the two staff groups, which
advise the CSAFP on matters pertaining to their specialized fields of service or activity.

1) The Administrative Staff

a) The Inspector General (TIG)
b) The Adjutant General (TAG)
c) The Judge Advocate General (TJAG)
d) The Chief, Chaplain Service (TCCHS)
e) The Chief Finance Service (TCFS)
f) The Chief Provost Marshal General (TCPMG)
g) The Chief Special Services (TCSPS)
 h) The Chief Historical Activities (TCHA)
i) The Chief Doctrines Development (TCDD)

2) The Technical Staff

a) The Chief of Engineers (TCE)
b) The Chief, Ordinance and Chemical Service (TCOCS)
c) The Quartermaster General (TQMG)
d) The Chief, Communication, Electronics & Information
Service (TCCES)
e) The Surgeon General (TSG)
f) The Chief Dental Service (TCDS)
g) The Chief Nurse (TCN)

c. The AFP Wide-Support and Separate Units

Directly under the CSAFP are a number of separate units called the
AFP Wide Support and Separate Units (AFPWSSU). These units perform specific
function and services for the whole armed forces.

1) GHQ & HSC

2) Presidential Security Group (PSG)
3) Philippine MilitaryAcademy (PMA)
4) Joint Command and StaffCollege (JCSC)
5) AFP Reserve Command (AFPRESCOM)
6) AFPLogisticsCenter (AFPLC)
7) Intelligence Service, AFP (ISAFP)
8) AFPMedicalCenter (AFPMC)
9) AFP Communications, Electronics and Information System
(AFPCEIS)
10) AFPFinanceCenter (AFPFC)
11) AFP Commissary and Exchange Service (AFPCES)
12) Civil Relation Service, AFP (CRSAFP)

MISSION AND FUNCTIONS OF THE AFP

The mission of the Armed Forces of the Philippines is: “To protect the people

and secure the sovereignty of the state and the integrity of the national territory.”

The following are the functions of the Armed Forces of the Philippines:
 1) Uphold the sovereignty, support the Constitution and defend the

territory of the Republic of the Philippines against all enemies, foreign and domestic.

2) Promote and advance the national aims, goals, interest and

policies.

3) Organize, maintain, develop and deploy its regular and reserve

forces.

4) Perform other functions as provided by law or assigned by higher

authority.

MAJOR SERVICES OF THE AFP

Our armed forces are composed of the Regular Force and the Reserve Force.
The regular force consists of the regular officers and men and a percentage of reserve
officers and personnel called for or to active duty. The AFP has three Major Services
namely:

1. Philippine Army
2. Philippine Navy
3. Philippine Air Force
 AFP ORGANIZATIONAL CHART

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MISSION OF PHILIPPINE ARMY

To conduct prompt and sustained ground operations to accomplish the AFP

mission.

CAPABILITIES

1. To organize, train and equip army forces for the conduct of prompt and
sustain combat opn on land.
2. To develop doctrines, procedures, tactics, organization & equipment
peculiar to the army.
3. To develop in coordination with other major svcs, doctrines, procedures,
tactics and equipment of interest to the army for joint operations.
4. To provide an orgn capable of furnishing adequate, timely and reliable
intelligence for the army.
5. To organize, train and equip all army reserve units.

MISSION OF THE PHILIPPINE AIR FORCE

 To conduct prompt and sustained operations in the air especially those forces
needed to defend the Philippines against air attacks, to gain air superiority and control
vital air areas.

CAPABILITIES

1. To organize, train and equip air forces close support of surface troops.
2. To develop doctrines, procedures, tactics organization and equipment
peculiar to air force for uni-service operations.
3. To develop in coordination with other major services, doctrines,
procedures, tactics and equipment of interest to the air force for joint operations.
4. To furnish aerial photography for cartographic purposes in coordination
with other government agencies.
5. To perform such other functions as the President may direct.

MISSION OF PHILIPPINE NAVY

To organize, train, equip, maintain and operate naval forces, aircraft and other
naval units necessary to provide the water borne support required by the AFP in
accomplishment of its mission.

CAPABILITIES

1. To assist proper government agencies in the enforcement of laws and

regulations pertaining to navigation, immigration, custom revenue, quarantine and
fishing in the territorial and contiguous water of the Philippines.
2. To develop doctrines, procedures, tactics, organization and equipment
peculiar to the navy for uni-service operations.
3. To perform such other duties as the President may direct.

MISSION OF ARESCOM

To develop, organize, train, equip and administer a high competent mobilizeable

reserve force as an integral component of the total army in the defense of the state and
to participate in socio-economics development effort of the government.

CAPABILITIES

1. To administer reservists.
2. To provide ready reserve force.
3. To conduct informal assembly.
4. To sustain the production of reservists.
5. To assist in relief and rescue operations during disaster and calamities.
6. To assist the local government units.
7. To assist in socio-economic activities.
8. To assist retirees and veterans.

PHILIPPINE ARMY ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

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 MILITARY COURTESY & DISCIPLINE
I. INTRODUCTION:

Military discipline is necessary to ensure orderly and effective group action. This
is commonly known as teamwork. Teamwork is particularly important in military
operations where its presence or lack of it may spell the difference between victory or
defeat.

With discipline everybody learns a sense of obligations to himself and to his

group, to his superiors and to the entire organization where he belongs. He also realizes
that he is a member of a team, organized, trained and equipped for the purpose of
engaging and defeating the enemies of the state.

Really, all aspects of military life is affected by discipline. We hear of "fire

discipline", water discipline, "supply discipline", etc.

II. DEFINITION OF TERMS:

1. MILITARY DISCIPLINE - is the state of order and obedience among

personnel in a military organization. It is characterized by the men's prompt and willing
responsiveness to orders and unhesitating compliance to regulations.

2. MILITARY COURTESY - are the acts of politeness, civility and respect

that personnel in the military organization accord to one other. Just like in the civilian
world, military courtesy serves to smooth the personal relationship among men in the
profession of arms. As a soldier, you must be thoroughly familiar with the different
forms of military courtesy. Learn to practice them wholeheartedly and insist that your
fellow soldiers do the same.

3. CUSTOMS OF THE SERVICE – it is the body of unwritten or common law

of the armies, navies and air forces.

4. MORALE – the term may be defined as the mental state and spirit of an
individual or unit.

5. EFFICIENCY – it is the ability to accomplish successfully an assigned task

in the shortest possible time with the least confusion. Efficiency requires interest,
resourcefulness, and proficiency. It develops pride, and the satisfaction of a job well
done.

THE SALUTE
 The salute is the most important and the most common form of all the military
courtesies. It is a time honored tradition of the profession of arms, practiced in all
military organizations in the world. The manner an individual executes the salute is an
indication of his attitude towards his duties as a military man and existing state of
morale and discipline in his unit. A sloppishly and grudgingly rendered salute or a
childish pretense not to notice anyone to whom a salute is due, shows neglect or
ignorance of the individual duties, his lack of confidence and ability to perform them, his
lack of pride in his team and possession of a stubborn and defiant character making him
unsuited to cooperate with others in a common effort. When you salute or return a
salute smartly, clearly mark yourself as a soldier who has pride in yourself and your
organization.

WHO AND WHAT ARE ENTITLED TO THE SALUTE

1.) Commissioned Officers (both male and female) of the Armed Forces of
the Philippines.
2.) Commissioned Officers (both male or female) of the Armed Forces of
Allied Nations.
3.) Civilian high officials or foreign dignities during military honors rendered
for them.
4) Colors and standard not cased. (This means that these symbolic
manifestation are openly and publicly displayed during military parades and other formal
military occasions)

WHEN TO SALUTE

1) Reporting to an officer.
2) Meeting an officer
3) When the national color passes by
4) When the national anthem is being played. (Out door only)
5) Raising and lowering of flag.
6) After conversing with an officer.

WHEN NOT TO SALUTE:

1) When troops are at work

2) Indoors, except when reporting to an officer.
3) When carrying articles with both hands, or being so occupied as to make
saluting impracticable.
4) When attending to a vehicle.
5) When meeting a prisoner
6) When in ranks
 Military personnel in uniform are always required to salute all persons who are
entitles to such courtesy whenever they meet and recognized them. Saluting, however,
if not necessary when riding public conveyances such as trains and busses or when
inside public places such as theaters and restaurants or during situations when a salute
is manifestly in appropriate or impractical.

III. GENERAL RULES FOR SALUTING.

Following are the rules to observe when saluting:

1.) Saluting distance is the distance of reorganization.

Usually it does not exceed 30 paces. The salute is rendered and the hand is held in
position until the officers saluted has passed or after the salute is returned.
2.) A salute must always be returned by the officer
entitled to it, unless he is in the formation of other officers. In which case only the most
senior or the marcher returns it.
3.) The salute must never be rendered in a casual or
perfunctory manners, nor with pipe, cigar or cigarette held in the mouth or in the right
hand. It is only rendered at a halt or a walk. If running, a soldier comes to a walk before
saluting. When mounted on a horse, he brings the horse to a walk and salute.
. 4) When several are in a group, not in formation, all rise and
salute. When in formation, only the commander or the most senior salutes.
. 5) The salute is made whether a headgear is worn or
not.
. 6) A soldier salutes an officer if he meets and recognizes him
inside a military camp even though they are both in civilian clothes or when either one of
them is in uniform. When both or each of them are in civilian clothes and they meet
outside of camp, a courteous "Good Morning , Sir" or other greeting will do.
. 7) The salute is rendered only once if the officer remains in the
immediate vicinity and conversation takes place, the junior must again salute the officer
when he leaves or dismiss him.
. 8) Unlike Navy personnel, soldiers never salute with the left
hand. When a soldiers hold something on his right hand, he transfer it to the left and
salute. When it is impractical to burden both hands, he simply greets the officer as he
meets him.
. 9) The salute is always executed while looking at the person
being saluted. It is always best to accompany such courteous gesture with "Good
Morning, Sir" or some appropriate greetings.
. 10) Enlisted Personnel salute other enlisted personnel only in
formation when rendering reports.
. 11) Whenever a soldier is in doubt, Whether a salute is
appropriate or not - HE SALUTES.
 SIGNAL COMMUNICATION
II. INTODUCTION
Male and Female Cadets, our subject matter is all about SIGNAL
COMMUNICATION as an incoming officer in the Reserve Officer
Training Corps or even in the AFP, SIGNAL COMMUNICATION is
an important thing to consider. As we go through our subject for today,
we should know first what are the things to be consider when we apply
SIGNAL COMMMUNICATION in our life.

II. SCOPE
*Definition of terms
* Principles of Signal Communication
* Means of Communication
*Types of Tactical Radio Sets and its Characteristics
* Advantage of Tactical Radio Sets
*Disadvantage of Tactical Radio Sets
*Fundamental of Tactical Radio Communication
*Phonetic Alphabet
*Numerical Pronunciation

A. Definition of Terms
Signal communication - Transfer of information from one place
to or person except by direct conversation.
Means of Communication - Means by which information or
message is conveyed from one place to another.
Facility or Agency of signal communication - Is the place that
comprises embraces personal and equipment necessary to provide signal
communication.

B. Principles of Signal Communication

1. Superior to subordinate - Provides that the commander is the
one responsible for installation, operation and maintenance of Signal
Communication to the lower units.
 2. Supporting to Supported - Provides that the commander is the
one responsible for installation, operation and maintenance of Signal
Communication to the lower units.
3. Reinforcing to Reinforce - these principle holds true only for
artillery units for it is only an artillery unit can reinforce the fire of
another artillery unit.
4. Lateral Communication - Normally, the responsibility for the
establishment of communication between adjacent units is fixed by the
next higher commander or may be established in the unit's SOP.

*Internal communication – Signal Communication is command

responsibility. It therefore follows that the commander of a unit,
regardless of its sizes responsible for installation, operation and
maintenance of all signal communication facilities that will be needed
by his command control and command.
*Maintenance of Communication - Effective maintenance
requires the close coordination and joint participation of all units
concerned.

C. Means of Communication:
1. Wire- it is used as the principal means of communication in all
military units.

This means of communication embraces all equipment used for

laying recovering wire, battery operated and sound-powered telephones,
switch boards and teletype equipment, when their use is authorized. The
operating range of wire communication varies, depending principally on
the weather and the condition of wire. Wet weather, poor splices, and
damage insulation are factors that greatly reduce its operating range.

2. Radio – This means of communication is the most rapid one. It

is most frequently used for maintaining command, control, contract and
direction in contact.
 The radio has one distinct advantage over other means of
communication. It has a relatively high degree of mobility and
flexibility, resulting from the fact that physical circuits are unnecessary
to establish communication between radio stations. The radio set is the
only adequate means of communication available in fast moving
situation, such as, armored attacks, amphibious operation, naval gunfire
support, serial bombing and strafing mission. The radio can bridge gaps
in a wire system and can provide communication across a terrain where
the use of the other means of communication is not possible.

3. Messenger- the use of messenger as a means of communication

is preferred over the rest when maps and classified documents are to be
transmitted to other operating units.

Since time immemorial, messenger has been used as a means of

communication. It is no less important today as it was in times gone by.
It is the most secret means used by infantry units. Maps and classified
documents are delivered trough this means. It also the best means for the
transmission of long messages over short distances.

4. Visual signal- it is used to control the action of small units over

the years, a visual signal has been relegated to the role of an auxiliary
means of communication.

Any signal that is received by the eye regardless of how it is

transmitted is the “common sense” definition of a visual signal. Flags,
signal flares, and smoke signals have been used through out.