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Assignment 1 (EOR)

1. The document discusses various chemical and thermal methods for enhanced oil recovery, including polymer flooding, surfactant flooding, in-situ combustion, cyclic steam stimulation (CSS), and steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD). 2. Key screening criteria are provided for each method to determine reservoir suitability, such as temperature ranges, oil viscosity, permeability, depth, and other properties. 3. The methods aim to increase oil recovery beyond primary and secondary (waterflooding) recovery by lowering interfacial tension, improving mobility ratios, or heating and reducing the viscosity of thick crude oil. CSS typically recovers 20% of original oil in place while SAGD can recover over 50%.

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ayan
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117 views

Assignment 1 (EOR)

1. The document discusses various chemical and thermal methods for enhanced oil recovery, including polymer flooding, surfactant flooding, in-situ combustion, cyclic steam stimulation (CSS), and steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD). 2. Key screening criteria are provided for each method to determine reservoir suitability, such as temperature ranges, oil viscosity, permeability, depth, and other properties. 3. The methods aim to increase oil recovery beyond primary and secondary (waterflooding) recovery by lowering interfacial tension, improving mobility ratios, or heating and reducing the viscosity of thick crude oil. CSS typically recovers 20% of original oil in place while SAGD can recover over 50%.

Uploaded by

ayan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ASSIGMENT# 01
NAME : YASIR AHMAD
ROLL NO# D-17-PG-12
SUBJECT: ENHACE OIL RECOVERY
1) CHEMICAL RECOVERY:
 Chemical EOR or chemical flooding is the process where one or more of previously
selected chemical are mixed with water and injected into oil reservoir.
 Main objective is to increase oil recovery factor beyond water flood level
A) Polymer flooding: Polymer flooding is an EOR method that solutions to increase oil
recovery by decreasing the water/oil mobility ratio by increasing the use polymer
viscosity of displacing water.
Screening criteria of polymer flooding
Reservoir temperature (°F) <20
Polyacrylamide <160
Xanthan gums <200
Crude oil viscosity (cP) <200
Water-oil mobility ratio >1
Mobile oil saturation (%PV) >10
Water-to-oil ratio(WOR) <15 preferred
Average reservoir permeability (mD) >20
Lithology sandstone preferred
Reservoir with strong natural water drive, large gas cap, gross channeling or major fracture
should be avoided
B) Surfactant flooding: Surfactants flooding is an important technique used in enhanced
oil recovery to reduce the amount of oil in pore space of matrix. Surfactants are injected
to mobilize residual oil by lowering the interfacial tension between oil and water and/or
by the wettability alteration from oil-wet to water-wet

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Screening criteria of surfactant flooding:


Gravity >20° API
Viscosity >20 cP
Composition light intermediate
Oil saturation > 20% PV
Formation type sandstone
Net thickness >10 ft
Avg permeability >20 md
Transmissibility not critical
Depth <8000 ft
Temperature <±225° F
Salinity of formation brine <150,000 PPm TDS
Thermal recovery: Thermal recovery is an EOR technique that has been commercially
successful. Conventionally, thermal EOR usually involves burning natural gas to produce steam
which is injected into the reservoir to heat heavy oil to reduce its viscosity.
In-situ combustion: A method of thermal recovery in which fire is generated inside the
reservoir by injecting a gas containing oxygen, such as air. A special heater in the well
ignites the oil in the reservoir and starts a fire.
Screening criteria for in-situ combustion:
oil gravity 10 to 35 °API
in-situ oil viscosity ≤5000
depth ≤11,5000 ft
thickness ≥20 ft
reservoir temperature >100 °F
porosity, fracture ≥0.02
avg permeability >50 md
transmissibility ≥5
reservoir pressure ≤2000 psi
maximum oil content at start of process >0.08
rock type sandstone or carbonate
composition asphaltic
oil saturation >52 (%PV)

2) Cyclic steam stimulation: This method, also known as the Huff and Puff method,
consists of 3 stages: injection, soaking, and production. Steam is first injected into a well for
a certain amount of time to heat the oil in the surrounding reservoir to a recover
approximately 20% of the original oil in place (OOIP), compared to steam assisted gravity
drainage, which has been reported to recover over 50% of OOIP. It is quite common for wells
to be produced in the cyclic steam manner for a few cycles before being put on a steam
flooding regime with other wells.
Screening criteria for CSS:
Thickness 30-40 ft

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Depth 400-5000 ft
Temperature 30-40°F
Reservoir pressure 700 psi
Residual oil in place 40%
Oil viscosity 1000-4000 cp
Gravity 10-36 °API
Permeability 100-400 md
Well spacing, acres 10

3) Steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) is an enhanced oil recovery technology for


producing heavy crude oil and bitumen. It is an advanced form of steam stimulation in which
a pair of horizontal wells is drilled into the oil reservoir, one a few metres above the other.

Screening criteria for SAGD:


Depth 951000 m
Temperature 10-50°C
Thickness 15-75 m
Porosity 20-38%
Permeability 0.6-10 D
Gravity 7-19 °API
Oil viscosity 103-107 cp
Oil saturation, fraction >0.75

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