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604 views108 pagesPlastic Analysis PDF
Uploaded by
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© © All Rights Reserved
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/ 108
CIVIL ENGINEERING
For
UPSC Engineering Services Examination, GATE,
State Engineering Service Examination & Public Sector Examination,
(BHEL, NTPC, NHPC, DRDO, SAIL, HAL, BSNL, BPCL, NPCL, ete.)
PLASTIC ANALYSIS
E.S MASTER
institute for Engineers
IES/GATE/PSUs
on
Phone:
Website: www IES Master
Office: F-126, Katwaria Sarai, New Delhi - 110 016
Phone: 011-41013406, 7838813406, 9711853908
Website: www iesmaster.org, E-mail: es. [email protected]
©No part of this booklet may be reproduced, or distributed in any form or by any
means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, or otherwise or stored in a datah se
Vrersstieval system without the prior permission of IES MASTER, New Dell.
Violaters are liable to be legally prosecuted 1.
2
CONTENTS
Plastic Analysis (Objective Questions & Solutions)...
Plastic Analysis (Conventional Questions & Solutions)
1-13
14-103 CHAPTER
[1
_Plastic Analysis
L
a
In the plastic analysis which of the following
pairs is/are correctly matched?
Geometry of
steel section
Shape factor
1. Rectangle 5
2 Round 17
3. Square 15
Select the correct answer using the codes given
below:
(a) Land 2
© 1,2, and 3
(b) 2 and 3
@) Land 3
At the location of plastic hinge
@) radius of curvature is infinite
() curvature is infinite
(©) moment is infinite
@ flexural stress is infinite
. Given figure shows a portal frame with loads,
All members of frame have same plastic
moment of resistance M,, ‘The collapse load W
D
we Contant, | ue
aka
4
2Mp 4Mp
@) Tr ©
Mp 8Mp,
oF ot
A rectangular steel section of width ‘b’ and
depth ‘h’ has been stressed to vield point (o,)
upto a depth of h/t from both the top and bottom
face under the action of a moment M. The
magnitude of the moment M is
tea
= bh
5
@ Powe,
Les 13449
© Fob, @ Z5bh'o,
A simply supported beam of span L supports a
concentrated load W at its midspan. If the
cross-section of the beam is circular, then the
length of elastic-plastic zone of the plastic hinge
will be
@ Ls La
© Le @ &
A continuous beam of constant My has three
equal spans and carries total uniformly
distributed load W on each span. The value of
collapse load for the beam will be
12Mp 8.65Mp
(@) SE ) 20Ne
oar TT
(@ U856Mp @ Me
L c 10.
DESIGN OF STEEL STRUCTURE
For an I-beam, shape factor is 1.12. The factor
of safety in bending is 1.5. If the allowable
stress is increased by 20% for wind and
earthquake loads, then the load factor is
() 1.25,
@ 140
A.ductile structure is definedl as one for which
the plastic deformation before fracture
@) 1.10
© 1.35
(@) is smaller than the elastic deformation
(®) vanishes
© is equal to the elastic deformation
@) is much larger than the elastic deformation
A fixed beam as shown in Figure 1 is loaded
with a UDL over the entire span, the total
load being W; when load was just increased to
W,, the deformed shape as shown in Figure 2
was seen. The value of W, (plastic moment of,
resistance = M,) is
wut
Figtve1
Plastic Plastic
Figure?
oy 2M 10My
@) L o) TL
LM, My
© L @ L
For a propped cantilever beam of span L with
@ central concentrated load P, the elastic and
plastic moment diagrams are shown in the
given figures:
ne
oe
13,
CIVIL ENGINEERING
From these diagrams, it is clear that
() maximum moments are distributed more
advantageously in the elastic case
©) maximum moments are distributed more
advantageously in the plastic case
© bending moment distribution in both the
cases ig equally advantageous
Anite cOndlusion can be drawn
the following definition
1. ollap$6 loadiservice load
2. (Gollapse load/ecrvice load) ~ 1
3. ultimate siress/permissible stress
4. (ultimate stress/permissible stress) ~ 1
OF these definitions, those which relate to
‘margin of safety’ would include
@). land 3 ) 1 alone
© 2and4 @ Salone
‘Assertion (A): The shape factor of a circular
section is less than that of a rectangular
section,
Reason (R): Compared to rectangular section,
@ circular section has more area near the
neutral axis than at the extreme fibre
Of these statements:
(@) both A and R are true and Ris the correct
explanation of A
(©) botirA and R are true but R is not a correct,
explantion of A
© Ais true but R is false
(@) Ais false but Ris true
A fixed beam made of steel is shown in the
figure below. At collapse, the value of load P
will be equal to
@
© CIVIL_ENGINEERING
14. The figure below shows a continuous beam
loaded with concentrated loads W at the centre
of each span. The value of W at collapse will
be
w w w
we kat |
$e i
i L
(@) 32MyL © 4MyL
© 56MyL @ 64MyL
15. The ratio of collapse load of a propped cantilever
of span L carrying a UDL throughout the span.
to that of a simply-supported beam carrying
the same load is
(@) 1.497 () 1.500
© 2.000 @) 3.000
16. The shape factor of the section shown in thi
figure below is’ x
100
ion 00
139 145
Os © oe
150 160
Oo oor
17, To transform an indeterminate frame with a
degree of indeterminacy ‘r' into a determinate
one, the number of plastic hinges required is
@ r+? Orth
Or @r-1
18. A propped cantilever of span 1 is subjected to
a concentrated load at mid-span. If My is plastic
‘moment capacity of the beam, then the value
of the collapse load will be
PLASTIC ANALYSIS 3
12Mp Mp
@ > oO
Guy 4Mp
oF om
19, In a plastic hinge, the actual distribution of
strain across the section will be as in
o)
@
20. Which one of the following modes of failure is
“taken care of in plastic design ofa steel beam?
“_(@)" Plastic material deformation throughout the
beam
©) Lateral buckling of the beam
(© Elastic buckling of the compression flange
(@ Hinge formation in the beam due to yielding
of steet
21, Which one of the following is the load factor?
Live load Failure load
® ‘Dead load » Working load
‘Total load Dynamic load
© ‘Dead toad @ ~ static load
22, Match List-I (Beam) with List-II (Collapse
Joad) and select the correct answer using the
codes given below the lists:
List I
Fixed beam with a central point load
Fixed beam with a udl of intensity ‘w,’
Propped cantilever with a central point load
‘Simply supported beam with a central point
load
List IT
Sone
5 16Mp
3 4 DESIGN OF STEEL STRUCTURE CIVIL ENGINEERING
Codes:
D D
ABCD oF OF
ae a 26. A-continuous beam ABC of two equal spans AB
® : and BC carries a load P at Z, the centre of BC.
@O2 14 3 ‘Then the magnitude of collapse load P is equal
@12 34 to
23. A continuous beam with constant El is shown
in the given figure. Collapse load for this beam
will be equal to
w w
a4 c
My My
1s es Se aaa)
@ Me © 12M
Mp eM
@ He os
24. The number of possible independent
mechanisms for a portal frame shown in the
given figure is
le—-y
Pp
@2 o4
© 1 ~@3
25. Neutral axis distance-D, at plastic moment.
condition of a triangular eross-séction in given
figure having similar properties in tension and
compression is
2
@ =
4Mp
® >
Mp Mp
‘oo @
27. The shape factor for a solid circular section of
diameter D is equal to
D 6
se) oa &) oe
16. xD.
Es Oe
28. The load factor to be used for plastic design of
steel structures for dead load and imposed load
is
@ 22 © 20
@17 @ 15
29. A structure has two degrees of indeterminacy,
‘The number of plastic hinges that would be
formed at completely collapse is
f@) 0 &) 1
@2 @3
30. The plastic modulus of a section is 5 x 10+
m*. Its shape factor is 1.2 and the plastic
moment capacity is 120 kNm. What is the
value of the yield stress of the material?
(@) 100 Nim () 200 Nimm?
(© 240 Nimm (@) 288 Nimm?
31. Which one of the following is not correct?
@) The shape factor for any section is equal to
MM,
(©) For a thin-web wide-flange beam, shape
factor is close to unity CIVIL_ENGINEERING
PLASTIC ANALYSIS 5
34.
(© Fora circular section, shape factor is nearly
LT
@) Shape factor for an I-section sometimes may
bbe more than that for a rectangular section.
What is the ratio of the shape factors for beam.
cross-sections having rectangular, cireular and
triangular shapes and of same area?
(@) 1.00 : 0.73 : 0.64
© 1.00 = 1.13 : 1.56
(@) 1.00 : 0.88 : 1.38
@ 1.00: 1.56 : 1.13
Collapse moment for the frame shown below
has been worked out as M, = WU/5. What is
the horizontal reaction at A at collapse
conditions?
oaw, |
®) L |G
A Ip
@0 ©) OW
© 02W @ ow.
If a uniform beam shown in the figure below
has the plastic moment capacity My for span
AB anid 0.9 My for span BC, what is the correct
virtual work equation”
@ moe nty(0+22) 20
2
(1) -My+ MyO+ 0.9Mp 2 = W.20
© My0+0.9My (0+ =
(@) M,6+0.9M,{0= 2
35. A portal frame has a collapse mechanism as
shown below. What is the type?
|
(0) Pope POE mechanism
©) Papel mechanism
(c) Combined mechanism
@ Dual beam mechanism,
36. Plastic analysis of structures is applicable to
the structures made of which one of the
following?
@) Ductile and brittle materials
©), Any structural material
© Brittle material only
(@ Ductile material only
37, What value of the shape factor is taken for a
rectangular section in plastic design?
@) 10 @) 15
© 20 @25
38, In the plastic analysis of a steel beam, which
of the following assumptions is/are made?
1. Plane sections under bending remain plane
at all stages of bending,
2. The stress-strain relation is bilinear, ic.
consisting of two straight lines.
3. Shear deformations are neglected.
Select the correct answer using the code given
below:
@) Lonly
© Zand 3 only
© 2only
@ 1, 2 and 3
39. A prismatic beam (shape factor, S) fixed at
both ends carries UDL throughout the span.
What is the ratio of collapse load to yield load?
@
© 6 DESIGN OF STEEL STRUCTURE CIVIL ENGINEERING
40. What is the distance between elastic neutral
axis and plastic neutral axis for the cross-section,
as shown in figure below:
100 smn
100 mm
@) 60 mm (©) 50 mm
©) 40 mm @) 20 mm
41. At the point of collapse, what is the value of
horizontal thrust at point A in the loaded frame
shown in figure below?
op
dt
/ 2M,
L} |My My
a D.
ke
L tC
@ 3P ®2P
© 15P @P
42, Which one of the following diagrams
corresponds to the load-deflection characteristics
upto plastic collapse of the beam shown below?
tt
oad
Deflection —
&®
Tate
43. A steel portal frame has dimensions, plastic
‘moment capacities and applied loads as shown
in the figure. The vertical load is always twice
of the horizontal load. ‘The collapse load P
required for the development of a beam
mechanism is
P |
. uM,
M, aff
ee
2M AM
@ oT
6Mp 8Mp
© = or
44, A continuous beam is-loaded as shown in the
figure below. Assuming a plastic moment
capacity equal to M,, the minimum load at
which the beam would collapse is Solutions
o)
(b)
b)
[Section [Shape Factor
Rectangle| 15
Round LT
Square 13
(Beam Mechanism
My Mp
4M,6 = 2Wx
we Me
oot
(ii) Sway Mechanism
L
sM,O = Wx
we
(iii) Combined Mechanism
x DESIGN OF STEEL STRUCTURE
For end span collapse Load is
|
11.656M,
CIVIL_ENGINEERING
% (@) Assuming tailure when all hinge
required to form simultaneously.
Load factor, F.0.8. x Shape Factor
FOS,
> LF.
8 @
8. © When two plastic hing forms of ends
simultaneously.
10.) Max moment is distributed more
advantageously in plastic case because
‘once the end section is fully stressed,
the moment gets distributed into the
span. Thus the resource of strength in
beam is more econoimeally utilised. For
the same section. beams is capable now
to take more load.
UL. (€) Margin of Safety = (F.0.8. - 1)
Taking ultimate stress as yield stress
Ultimate Stress
Permissible Stress —
and option (4) is correct
Margin of Safety can also be taken as
Margin of Safety =
= Collapse load _
© “Service load
RB @
SP. of circular section = 1.7
SF, for rectangular section = 15
[Assertion is wrong] CIVIL_ENGINEERING
13. (a)
For end span
= M,-o4m, = &!
=> MM) =
= a
For mid Span
Ww
= Collapse Load =
A 08 Me
Jenne
PLASTIC ANALYSIS 9
15. (a)
Plastic hinge will form at 0.4141 from
hinged end.
(4M }oa Serer aay -
2 ip
NOs 9 Aldi] = 1.414My.
w= 288M, ___11.60M,
(0.4141)(0.586) e
Collapse load for propped cantilever
1.66M,
r
Collpase load for SS. beam carrying
udl
For collapse of S.S. Beam, max BM
should be Mp
w
bap
1
W propped Cantilever
= WSimply Supported |
10 DESIGN OF STEEL STRUCTURE
16. 0)
40
40(200)" _, 160(40)"
1.
Zz 100 700 = 275200
Zp = Plastic Modulus
{4010050 +160%20 x10] = 464000
Z, _ 464000 145
> e Factor= P= =
Shape Factor= = 200 BE
17 (© No. of plastic hinge ref. for collapse ‘n’
—instable state =r + 1
= No. of plastic hinge req. to transform
the structure into determinate one
18 ©)
u
19 (a) Distribution of strain is linear
from NA. Hence the }
distribution is like
CIVIL ENGINEERING
20. (a)
7 Ww
rear
For Collapse of AB
3M, _ wi
a: = [El constant means
‘Mp is constant]
24.
25. (@) N.A. under plastic condition is equal
area axis. CIVIL ENGINEERING
PLASTIC ANALYSIS. 4
26. (c)
27. (0)
= wipaD)_P*
2p 8 \3n 6
DY _ xb*
Z 7 —
oD
_. 2L_.32.
= a
28. (c)
Toad Factor | Toads
ii DL
Tip Dis Ee
a pi+ SE
WE
13 [pneu ME
29. (d)
30. (c)
31. td)
32. fe) =
(Samm 5
[Rectum
Gireuler
‘Triungular
34,
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
2M,0+2M,0+M,0+M,0
= L0x0.2W + LoxW
6M,8 = 1.2WLO
we
Mp =
H, +H, = 02W
©
©
@
)
(a)
@
At the time of collapse
wr
_
ee 12
DESIGN OF STEEL STRUCTURE
= 100%2010 +100%20 70
7 2000 +2000
= 5+35=40mm
Plastic Neutral axis is equal area axis
CIVIL ENGINEERING
eee,
t Feta ai
100
Ae
=> Distance between Elastic N.A. & Plastic
NAA. is 40 - 20 = 20 mm
41. @) The loading on the frame is
symmetrical.
= The frame cannot sway.
Beam Mechanism.
M
a,
6PLo = 6M,0
=
re
a, i
42. (b)
43. (@)
44. © CIVIL ENGINEERING
PLASTIC ANALYSIS
©
)
(b)
©
(a)
©
@
@
©
()
©
@
@)
©
(@)
()
)
)
fa)
@)
(b)
@
24,
25.
31.
32,
33,
(@)
©
@
©
«
«)
@
©
@)
«
f@)
35.
36.
38.
39,
40.
a.
43.
44.
©
©
@
)
@
fa)
@
(a)
(b)
(a)
@) om
A mild steel section has the following cross-sectional dimensions. Total depth = 200 mm, width
of Flange = 120 mm, thickness of flange = 20 mm, thickness of Web
9, = 250 MPa, determine the
factor for the section,
= 20 mm. If the yield stress
Plastic moment capacity of the section. Also calculate the shape
Sol. Data given 5,= 250 MPa = 250 N/mm?
[+ 20mm ——_,
Equal Area
To locate the equal area axis, equating the area an both sides of the axis
120%20 +(-20)x20 = (200-5) x20
2400 + 20% — 400 = 4000 ~ 20%
40% = (400 ~ 2400 + 4000)
2000
40
Sy = Distance of C.G. of area above
equal area axis
=50mm
equal area axis from
«1205204
30-20
0 = 20) 20)
0=20)20
020 «(50 -10) +90 2015
~ 120%204450-20)90 = 35 mm CIVIL_ENGINEERING PLASTIC ANALYSIS 18
200-50
¢
2020 +180% 2
2
= 125 x 6000 x 110 = 82.5 « 10° N-mm
M, = 82.5 kN-m
‘To locate the centroidal axis, take the moment of the area about bottom fiber
0) (35-78)
M, = Suey) = 250%
: (AntAs) (1.8020 x90 +120 x20 190)
Yous = (AFA, J 180 x20 +120*20
Vonay = 130 mm
1, = 322200 9,200 190-200 422020220" 4o0,20).60
I, = 24.2 x 10% mmt
2x10" 3
= lh = 18615.85
2 = Wan = py mm
M, 82.510" N-mm 1.778
Shape factor = 34“ 250 Nimm* x186153.85 mm
Determine the shape factor for the cross section given in the figure below
JF 10 am
I
80m
10mm
Sol. This is symmetrical axis therefore equal area ais and centroid axis will coincide.
10mm
50 mm
50 mm
A = 2(60 x 10) + 80 «10 16
Taking moment of area about top ange
Stess of 4000 kgfem?
Sol. Data given c, = 4009
equal area axis --—
‘To locate the equal area
Beit
EE
DESIGN OF STEEL STRUCTURE CIVIL_ ENGINEERING
2000 mm?
2000 y = 60x 10x 5 + 80 x 10 x 50 + 60 x 10 x 95
y= 50mm
fovea >< taoy?
I, Secor +60%10% (45)? 10x40? s0x10(20)
= 2.86 10° mm!
kglem2
ef
‘aving flange width of
5 em. flange
and overall depth of 10 em ‘The st
eel has a vield
5 1
Ld 4
SIs equating the area on both side of anie
®=De1=(0-y «4
3#s-1= (0-4)
548-1 = Uy
2s = 40 ~4) CIVIL ENGINEERING PLASTIC ANALYSIS 7
x= S23em @)
y, = Distance of C.G. of area about equal area axis
y= Biza820—dada 0258 (149) Aare
: Ae (5}-sem
Plastic moment capacity = 620, +¥2) = 000%(22459*2 45.35)
4000x722 =156000 kg.em
Find the shape factor of the thin ring of diameter D and thickness t.
Sol. For thin ring a
For circular section, plastic modulus is given by
= Plastic modulus
4D
Ba 3
‘Thus. plastic modulus for eireular section
bt
SF of a thin Ring = —B— 8
SF ofa thin Ring = SiprT@
a fe 18 DESIGN OF STEEL STRUCTURE CIVIL ENGINEERING
t
Neglecting higher power of 5, because it will be very small since << 1
Gt]
|
Determine the shape factor of a section as shown below, which is symmetrical about vertical axis.
The top flange being 4 em x 4 em bottom flange being 16 cm x 1em and web lem %8 em aren
of section 40 cm? Centroid of the section lies at 5.6 cm from the bottom
i
Gt D 82,6 song
‘D8 6x*8
Sol. Data given A = 40 em?
Centroid of the section lies at 5.6 cm from the bottom
cones
aoe = (13 - 5.6) = 7.4 em
464 eg
Ka A eaten
(2
ana
OOD o6-n af
2 Cz)
7.89 + 13.101 + 41749 + 32.445
50.93 em! o
28,50 em? CIVIL ENGINEERING PLASTIC ANALYSIS 19
To leoate the equal area axis, equating the axis of both side about the equal area axis
> 4X 44 e-4) x1 = 16% 1402 -x)x1
> 1G +x-~4 = 16+ 12-x
2x = 16 em
x = 8cm + Gi)
s= 3 (+ y) where y, and y, are the distance from
equal area axis
EAy _ Ux) x2 4416x145) (8472) _80_
eae G16) 20 J~ 90
Axdx6r 4x12
> a8
Plastic modulus, $= 30 +y,)-“2oo2+4, = 49*92 194
184
SP = =1.492
SP = (850)
Derive an expression for the bending moment in a rectangular section where the stress distribution
is partially elastic and partially plastic also sketch the moment curvature curve
Sol,
F
Elastic q taf: BRO
um | |g t 7
m=] AI
oy
Strain diagram Stress diagram
The moment of reistance, M = (C, x, + C, x,)
Kd) (2Ka\
»{ 2Ka),
f(S} C8)
b(Kd. f
= SR a, bid = Ka
ay bikeay? ob |
6 20 DESIGN OF STEEL STRUCTURE
CIVIL ENGINEERING
| 2
For rectangular, M=M, sto, bd?
when K = 0, section in fully plastic M.=
|
|
|
when K =
i
| From bending equation
0)
Put the value of o, In IT, we got
e
ze
| + Moment-Curvature Relationship
em, [
> Curvature IR) |
CIVIL ENGINEERING PLASTIC ANALYSIS 24
+ So long as M
=>
Alternative-Method-3
Kinematic method
No of plastic hinge required for collapse mechanism = (@ + 1) = 3 36 DESIGN OF STEEL STRUCTURE CIVIL ENGINEERING
Let at distance x, hinge will from
From work - Energy theorem
Work done by external force = work done by internal force
= Mp0+Mp0+Mpo+Mp} = (Area under shaded portion} x w
x0 = [L~x}
iene]
fe ea
{5.2 , XGL=2x)(L~2x)
2 al” 2(L=x)
| 4x? (Lx) +xGL? ~6Lx~2Lx +4x%)
= 2(L~x)
oe Jax!L 4x! + 31x Ola? = 2Lx? + 43°]
Mp = {917s —4x?L]
a Gi)
For maximum value of Mp
(a =
ax
> SL! — 8xL =
> = ()
(My) max =
: w 36L! _ ow!
Mp }
Say
Determine the collapse load W,. by static and ki
distributed load w on the span of length
to My,
nematic methed for a beam carvying an uniformly
Lif the plastic moment capacity of the beam is equal
Sol. Case I: Static Method CIVIL_ENGINEERING PLASTIC ANALYSIS 37
“
og
?
Maximum Sending moment atid span = (“2]
= Plastic hinge will form at mid span
=. Mp =
. we
. [w-
Case I: Kinematic meted
> 2M,0
Determine the collapase load for a propped contilever shown in figure by static and knematic
method.
Sol. Case I Statie Method
From combined loading diagram
= The equilibrium equation at ultimate load W, [for the figure given below]
W, ab
arb 38 DESIGN OF STEEL STRUCTURE CIVIL ENGINEERING
W, ab arbeb
= (a+b) = a a+b |
_ Mp(L+b)
> w, = SeG=0)
w
©
A ‘ 5
Combined Loading
Case II From kinematic method
6.
of Wife
ee
From Figure
ad = bd
= += (2) @
Work done by internal force = Work done by external force
> M)0+M)0+My6 = Wag
uy
fa
2M,0+M,.8| 2
06 .9(2)
My (L+b)
ab
w=) CIVIL ENGINEERING PLASTIC ANALYSIS 39
A propped cantilever carries an uniformly distributed load W over span L, Determine the ultimate
collapse load W, if the plastic moment capacity of the beam is Mp.
Sol. From Statie Method
No of Indetermininey = 2—1=1
= No. of plastic hinge formed = 1+1=2
One hinge will form at the fixed end and other hinge will form at the distance x of from the
propped end.
| From combined diagram
>
| Mydl+x)
7 Wa = ayy
or Maximum value of W,,
on, | (S28) dant
Sexy
== 2x +s | 40 DESIGN OF STEEL STRUCTURE CIVIL ENGINEERING
= xt+2x-P = 0
[Taking +ve sign]-
*
"
0.4141 - Gi)
Put the value of Gi), In (i)
2Mp (140.414)
O4i41 0.414)
57 {Mv
vase)
>
=
0
Work done by external force = Work done by internal force
= Mp +Mypo+Mp0+0 = Wy 5x0
@
Taking +ve sign] CIVIL_ENGINEERING PLASTIC ANALYSIS. a
Determine the collapse load for the structure as shown in the figure by static and kinematie method.
pees
Sol. By static method
My
L L
BA at C =
BM aD =
No. of In determininaney = 2
No of plastic hinge will from = 3 42 DESIGN OF STEEL STRUCTURE CIVIL ENGINEERING
=> From First Mechanism
= o i
From second Méchanism
nd |
|
= i) |
From various possible mecha |
i
[enc I
Kinematic Method }
From Mechanism I
m, oat
= Work done by external force = Work done by internal force
= 0210= 08%
02 .
= é ($32}-0250 “i
> 2Mp0+2Mph = 1.25 w (0.201) + w «(0.25 4)
> 2Mp8 +2My(0.256) = 0.25 wl,0+0.25 wl. (0.250)
5
= 25140 = Suto
_ (Mp )
> = (FE ii)
From Mechanism Il : CIVIL ENGINEERING PLASTIC ANALYSIS 43
> 0.7510 = 0.95 1
> $= 30 ®
> Mp0 +MpO-+Mp$+Mp§ = 1.25 W(0.2! 6)+W (0.7510)
> 2Mp0+2Mp(38) = wid
> 8M,0 = wid :
8M
> w, = (S) «
From various possible mechanism, the least value of the load W
| Mp
| [Therefore collapse load W, = [>
Determine the collapse load of the structure as shown in figure.
po
Sol. Mechanism I
% My
@
Work done by Internal force = Work done by external force 44 STEEL CIVIL ENGINEERING
> 2Mp9+2My0+2Mp6 +Mpo
. aa10sam!
Gi)
Mechanism IT
w
5 2M,6+M,0+M,0+M,6 wo
of various possible mechanism, the correct mechanism is one wi
y. 15Mp )
. [ve - (20m
Eo
‘ind collapse load W,
hich gives the minimum load,
my
for a fixed beam of section, having uniform moment capacity My,
‘L 2 i ,
ee Ip
I k
3 3
Determinate leading | CIVIL ENGINEERING PLASTIC ANALYSIS 45
5 “2.1 (40, W) (st
alg z
away)
= aw SW (40
B 3 ( 3]
.. Mechanism I
= om, = (3)
= w, = ao
Mechanism I
aw
= 9
= W, = 18 Myat
Of various possible mechanism, the correct mechanism is one, which given the minimum value
of the load.
Collapse load, W
eo
Find the collapse B.M.D of the above structure.
8M,
Sol. We = | @
+ 3 +t D
tr ¢ > Mp
(72418) My _ 901 My
wl 5 46 STEEL
Collapse Moment at B =
Collapse Moment at © = ( sies
24-18)Mp _ 9Mp _(3Mp)
15 OS }
Collapse BMD
Le
ave BMp.
hy Mp
My
Find collapse load if section is having uniform moment capeity by kinematic method
4
us
Sol. From Kinematic method
No. of hinge required = (+ 1)=1+1=2
u
Work done by internal foree = Work done by external forces
1
My0+M,04 Mpg = [5/@-90- CIVIL ENGINEERING PLASTIC ANALYSIS 47
)o
= Mp 2x9 (l+x)
= Mif-oe +1085]
= Mia isle mee| a
For My to be maximum (at)-0
(a) _ wif Cexyc18x +102) — Cox Ox) x
= ax) > 18) (ant
@ = ~18)x +1012 -18x? + 10x 49x" +7? bis
> 9x! + 18lx — 11 = 0
5 y= iste Vash? tax
29
Taking +ve sign
eon Gi)
18
Location of plastic hinge from the propped end x= 0.490 /
Put the value of x = 0.491 / in In I, we have
w/e agi)?
is
1169) 2
= we
(Ge
}
= w, = (224m,}
" po)
£
Collapse load
Scere)
Find the value of a, for simultaneous collapse of AB & BC
Sol For simultaneous collapse of AB and BC plastic hinge will form at B. If plastic bing will
third form at B. then 48 STEEL CIVIL ENGINEERING |
>
Case I If a > 0.358 1, Partial collpase will occur
Case Il If a < 0.353 ! Complete collapse will occur
Case III Ifa = 0.35 1, Simultaneous collpase will occur
eee
For a unifrom beam of constant section as shown below find the collapse load
;
a
Sol. Note: [n the Analysis of continuous beam, failure of individual span O is considered.
For Failure of span AB
Failure condition is similar to propped cantilever. hence plastic hinge will form at x distance from
the left support where the hinge will form
gecccnnnadaacag Dy CIVIL ENGINEERING PLASTIC ANALYSIS 49
M
5 Mp +0.14i{ Me) — Oydinate of Free BMD at 0.414 1 from end A
> 14MM, = eoaray-Zoaray?
wh
2 oau-o.
> Me = sail (0.414)"]
we 2
S [0.2426] = 0.0858 wi!
Bar aig 0 261= 0.0
= . @
For Failure of BC
> - Gi)
Of various possible mechanism, the correct mechanism is one for which loading is minimum
= Therefore collapse load [v. =u oon %P)|
A continous beam as shown below is subjected to a collapse load system, each span has uniform
section, If under the action of collpase load system, all the span should collapse determine the
Plastic moment required for each span assume the section for the middle span to be lightest.
1300 kN
p= 160 KNiin D
7 Boom
300 kN
B cl D
Sol. a 50
STEEL
For Span BC to be lightest
For span AB
For span BC
For Span CD
From figure
Again, =
From (i) and Gii), we have
u
Mec = Mp)ps
Moon = Mpdoy
800 kNY
Cpovcossescaconnsace
wl?
20tp ae = (*)
Olpdye = MOXOF
= 250 kN/m
Bh)
250 EN.
250 + (M,)CD
My(Cp) =
16
80 [25 +s? 10x —
800x = (25 x 80 — 250)
CIVIL ENGINEERING
@
Gi)
Gil)
tiv CIVIL ENGINEERING PLASTIC ANALYSIS
Put the value of (iv) in (ii),
> mM,
cw
For span AB
From the figure
3 250-+(Me) yy 250). 22 (Ap) = 20028
> CCU
=
Determine the collapse load and collapse bending moment & shear diagr
structure.
w w
Sol
51
ram of the following 52 STEEL CIVIL ENGINEERING
From the collapse bending moment diagram
> @
Taking the moment about point B.
Rants)
= Ryxl
200 kN
me
imi Tr
100 kN
Mp is constant throught. Find My. the given loads are collapse loads. CIVIL ENGINEERING PLASTIC ANALYSIS 53
Sol
o 100 kN
No, of indeterminancy = (r + 1) = 1+ 1=2 hinge
Mechanism I For span AB
> Work done by internal force = Work done by external force
> M,0+My0+Mp@ = 200 x 1.50 x0 —
> 3M, = 8006
: ,) = @
Mechanism BC, For span BC
|
|
wi
| Combined mechanism for both the spans AB and BC:
Hinges formed at D and E. 54 STEEL CIVIL ENGINEERING
My Mp
H Mt ost ‘
> Work done by internal fore Work done by external force
> Mp0+M)0+M,6+Mp® = 200%1.50+100«20
> 4Mp® = (300+200)0
. My = 220-125 kNm a
‘To ensure the safety, Mp will be provided corresponding to largest value of Mp, arrived at
‘Therefore [My= 125 kN.m}
Determine the collapse load for the following structure shown below
wl
w (kNim) wf
Be
ee
Hinge will form where shere force = 0
Sol,
Let hinge will from at a distance x from A.
(es) (eaten
M, SP=0 SF=0 |
CIVIL ENGINEERING PLASTIC ANALYSIS 55
@
And
wle a)
ws? wl=x ig
4 x
ws? = 2w (I-x)*~4wie
2w (P +x* 2x) —4wle
20 42x*—4lx ~dle
Aix +(2F -4le) = 0
silt a Me) _ ot + uP TaF cae
<= @hpP vay «iy
My = “5 putting here the value of x we can calculate Mp
Alternate solution:
-M,0-M,0-Myb = wleg +2 «(wi)x30 = 0
here xa = U-x)6 56 STEEL
CIVIL ENGINEERING
w
0
DBP —awlix—awlie—wl's + 2whs? +2ulex +wl's—wlk? -Iwiex = 0
a , it
~Ahe—aP s+ yop 2
en als + o
or *-4ix+2l"—dle = 9
ie, ~Als (2 ~Ale) = 0
X= [21+ JOP + die} Gi)
putting the value in eq ()
Mp can be calculated,
ee
A uniform beam of plastic moment capacity Mp fixed
other carries loads W each at the third points av show:
load W,,
at one end and simply supported at the
‘n in figure below, determine the ultimate
Sol. No of indeterminancy of the propped cantilever
No. of plastic hinge required = 1 +
From statie method
Taking the moment about that A
wh
we
a= 2WeWaw
w CIVIL ENGINEERING PLASTIC ANALYSIS
57
avi
Mechanism I. If hinge will form at C
> At equilirium
2M,
Mp+—? =
= tae
>
5M,
W, = (3) “
Mechanism II: If hinge will form at D
Mp _ (wt
My +Sh = ($
. . fAMp
w= (AE w
Of various mechanism the correct mechanism is one which gives the least value of the load
[cote sma = ( ae) 58 STEEL CIVIL ENGINEERING
The continuous beam shown in
figure below is having an uniform section throughout. It is
subjected to loading as shown in
the figure below. compute the ultimate load.
Total oad = P P [ps
paca ae
——____ : aes —
5 Le Le Le
| Sol. No. of indeterminancy of the structure = 2
No of hinge required for complete collpase = 241 =3
From kinematic method: In a continuous
beam, if any single span faile the complete beam.
is assumed to have failed
al Mechanism I
M, we
Mechanism IT
Work done by internal force = Work doen by external force CIVIL ENGINEERING PLASTIC ANALYSIS 59
Gi)
Mechanism III 3)
> (-—
aay
M
7 ii)
Of various possible mechanism the correct mechanism is one which gives the least value of the
collapse load,
A continuous beam of uniform plastic moment capacity has three equal spans and is loaded as
shown in the following figure. Determine the value of W at collapse.
|
aoe are aes
Sol. The number of possible plastic hinges in the various spans are
‘Two in left span AB
Three in middle span BC
‘Two in right most span CD
Span AB (mechanism-1)
Writing the equation of virtual work:
——— W 5
v *
2
¥
Sy oak
w
Mp0+M,0+M,0 = wy
ag - SO
: oo =
6M
we Se : 60 STEEL CIVIL_ENGINEERING
Mechanism II
w 125
m4
ma
> 4
From virtual work equation
3k,
= Mp0+Mp0+Mp$+ M, most 25W x"
|
vy 2M,0+2M,¢ = “ott +1.25%3)
> amo = oxta75)
128 My
= : w= (e% “i,
1 Mechanism (iii)
w 1.25
|
| From virtual work equation
] > My0+My0+My§+ Myo =
= aaa!
u
ain) CIVIL_ ENGINEERING PLASTIC ANALYSIS 61
Mechanism (iv)
1.5 W
ee —
we (2113)
(203)
From virtual work equation
= My6+Mp8+Mpp =
i ) ;
5 (21-4 = Lowie
2 3
ft
> al
we BM. Ge)
of various possible mechanism, the correct one is that which gives the least value of the collapse
load
[ Collapse load We Ge}
A fixed beam of uniform sections and length / and fully plastie moment Mp is subjected to a total
uniformly distributed load W. together with a concentrated load P at a distance 1/3 from one end
of the beam. Find the value of W which would collapse, for the following three value of P. (i) P
= 0.25 W Gi) P = 0.5 W Gi) P = W.
Sol No. of indeterminacy = 4-2
No. of things required for complete collaps
Iwo hinge will be at the fixed end and the third hinge will be provided their where SI 62
STEEL CIVIL ENGINEERING
p=o23W
2 Ww.
4 B
$$}
8
p=0.25W
i
Ry 12, Ry
Determinate Loading Ry
Mp
Mp’ | Mp
ae | 1
a a
(a) iz
Combined Loading
=> Taking moment about point, A
= Ryxt =
Ww
> Ra =
RytRy =
aw _ (2W
= ee o-(@)
aw
2
{Prom right)
(49
Maximum From BAM. (a)
From combined moment diagram
2Mp
Mp.
aw © CIVIL ENGINEERING
Case Il When P = 0.5 W
‘Taking the moment about point A
=> Ry xl
Ry xl
Ry
‘Third things will form wheve $.F. = 0
Ww
2 R,-|7 =
= x
Maximum Free BM.
From combined BM. diagram.
> 2Mp
wh
PLASTIC ANALYSIS 63
TG
-@)
"
e
[From right]
2
= Swi
9
18(Mp
= aT.
aD
Case IIT Taking the moment about point A.
aw
vy 64 STEEL
S.F. changes its sing from left support A.
(2
Maximum Free BM. at a [*=5
From combined B.M. diagram
CIVIL ENGINEERING
Steel beam simply supported at A, B and C is required for carry the load as shown in figure
below. Assuming load factor of 2.0, yield stress for steel
= 1.12, determine the minimum values of section modulus of the beam section take 1
3.0 at 2a
‘bm
Sol. We know that collapse loac
‘Therefore
Gt 48t 48
2500 kglem?, shape factor of section
1000 kg.
1st
3m Sm Sm
om
(Load Factor x Working Load)
3.01
A Bo c
3m EB 5m f 3m F 3mG 3m f2mD
Location of possible hinge are B,
No, of Indetermining = i= 3-2
No. of Independent Mechanism
Beam Mechanism 1
From Virtaal Work Equation
MyOeMya+M@ =
= Mpé+20tp| 22)
OM,
= My + Me CIVIL ENGINEERING PLASTIC ANALYSIS 85
LM, = 18 x5
18x5_ 90
My = SPeqy = 8:18 tm.
Beam Mechanism-I1
age 48t 1st
B
3mF om Gam 402m
48 48
(a) Hinge at B and F
2
@
here 30=66 = (
~M,0~ M,0-M,6 + (4.8) «30+ (4.8) «39 ~1.5%2)
8) _ 201
o+M,.{2] = 2g
(3) 10
= 8.04 tm
42M,
() Hinge at B and G
here 60=3) >4=(
-M0~
Mp +48 130448 160-152 = 0
AMO = 4.8 x 90 ~ 1.5 x 2x20
My = 93 tm
From Mechanism IV
Ot
G
Mp 66 STEEL CIVIL ENGINEERING
Mp0 = 3x20
> Mp = 6 tm. “
Of Various possible mechanism. The correct mechanism is one which gives a max value of
moment.
Therefore Mp = 93 tm
Further we know that = Mp = 6,x Plastic Modulus of Section
©) = 2500 kglom® = 2.5 tiem? = 2.5 « 104 tim?
/
Mp 93
(2*) = (Gir) <2 «0+
(s
Shape Frew = (3)
(s x10"
Sectional Modulus of the Section = (gm J= “5
= 43214 x 104m! (2 = 332.14 em]
esos,
¢. lead W is supported by a cantiliver resting on a simply supported beam as shown in figure. If
‘he plastic moment of the simply supported is thres quarter of the cantiliver beam, determine the
collapse load.
Sol. Let the reaction at the propped End be R. CIVIL ENGINEERING PLASTIC ANALYSIS 67
From Virtual Work Equation For DE span
3M
=> =7P20 = Rao
3M
= R 32) ©
Again from virtual work equation for AC span.
Mp0+Mp0+Mp0 = wae
3Mp
we 2) ap
Again from AC span
‘Taking the moment about point A
> Mp +R x 2a
Wa-Mp.
= R= (=F a)
From I & Il, We have
3/Mp
= dal =
IMp
> mee ayy
From Hand IV. the possible load =
Collapse load = 68 STEEL CIVIL ENGINEERING
|
An ISMB 150 section is adopted as a fixed beam of span 4 m. the beam carries a triangular load
where intensity varies form zero at on-end to an ultimate load intensity of C at the other end.
Determine the ultimate load intensity C take fy = 250 Nimm?. End also the safe maximum load
intensity with a load factor of 1.75 Zasyys 59) = 96.9 * 10° mam?
No.of indetermining = 4-2
No. of plastic things required for complete collapse
ern
| Third hinge will form where S.P.
7
C
ae TI],
——_ 2
3
T
=> Taking the moment about A
acl or (er
= RyXl= 5 => Ry =|
‘Max. Free BM, =
(c2 cP)
“(os 183}
From combined loading
atl]
ia : fee
Mp No [yJ3
landing ~
Mp CIVIL ENGINEERING PLASTIC ANALYSIS 69
ce
= 2Mb = 8)
18/3Mp
= c=|"F a)
Sectional Modulus of ISMB-150 = 96.9 x 10? mm?
(G.F),syp = 1.15) assuming
Plastic Modulus of ISMB -150 = (96.9 x 10) x 1.15
111.485 x 10? mm?
111.435 « 10? x 250
27.859 x 108 N.mm = 27.859 kNm ap
Put the value of III in II, we have
18V8 «27.859
ay
=
Alternative Approach :
C.G.of trapezoidal loading from B
‘Taking the, moment about the point A
Alternative approach. C.G. of trapezuidal loading from B.
a
Cx +I) -x)
CKD 8
0
ay
= ay 70 STEEL CIVIL ENGINEERING
From II and TIL, we have
Ce CP =x*)0-mer+
° 3L 3x Q(x +l)
> J = Ur
+ x7. Qix) 2x + 2.
= x= 2Py + 2x3. 4h + B+ 2
= #- +8 =0 o
Solving above equation we get
A 50 mm diameter, 1000 mm long steel rod AB is fixed at A and is pinned to vertical rod BD of
steel The ‘Ted"AB"suppoits a load W, at a distance of 600 mm from the fixed end. Find the
minimum diameter d of the vertical rod to develop the full collapse load for the beam. Find also
the collapse load take fy = 250 N/mm??
dia=d
B
G00 mam 0mm
Sol. No. of indeterminacy = i= 3-2=1
No. of plastic hinge required for collapse = (1 + 1) =
0.68 = 0.46
= 4 a)
G
We
Yr CIVIL_ENGINEERING PLASTIC ANALYSIS nm
From virtual work equation
= M,0 +M,6 + My6+0 = Wx0.60
AS
= 2Mp0+Mp(20) = w
ip (3 ) = Wx0.60
> TMP = Wxo6
w= a
For rod AB, Mp
0.05)" = 9.08310%m?
6
Mp = 250 N/mm? x 2.083 x10 m*
50 x 10° Nim? x 2,083 x10
Put the value of IT in Il
v= 245,208=30.381 kN
12
Taking the moment about point A
e = Wx 06
> = (0.6 W— My) = 0.6% 90.381 ~ 5.208 = 13.021 kN
= = 13.021
13.021 «1000
250
4 = 8.143 mm
Minimum diameter of the vertical rod to develop the full collapse Load
4 = 8.143 mm
The mild steel bars of diameter 5 mm and § mm tin [sama
hanging vercally support a rigid beam which sg ——__[8aim=n [mean
hinged at one end as shown figure below. Determine 22% = al
the magnitude of the ultimate load Pu acting at 2.5. : re
m from the hinged end that will cause vielding of
both bars. Yield 222 of the material is 2500 Ke/em? 72 STEEL CIVIL_ENGINEERING
Sol. Since the ultimate load cause the yielding of both the bar simw
‘Therefore T, = fA,
Itaneously.
2500%9.81
700
Again 4.815 kN
Taking the moment about A
Tx LtT x2
Pu =
ee Cey4
ll .
+ Propped cantilever of span 1 has a cross section for which plastic moment varies linearly from
Mp at the free end to 2Mp at the fixed end. Locate the plastic hinges at failure and compute the
ultimate load
Sol. No. of Indeterminacy = i = 1
No. of plastic hinge for compute collapse of structure
(met }em,
One hinges will form at the fixed end and other will form at the section where SF=0
@- xo = x6
o
Mpj 1% iis}
mr] amfiet) CIVIL_ENGINEERING PLASTIC ANALYSIS 73
From virtual work equation
5 2p +f pene +F}peo
- dl)
For maximum Bending Moment,
‘dMp
(92) <0
(a) WiL-XC-x)x3 +x 40-20)
Ci}= Gx +0)
0 = -Blx + 3x? + Sxl - Gx? +P - De
ax! + 2le-P=0 a
L
= Solving the above equations, we get = 3, v2 oh
‘Therefore plastic hinger will form at ¥ =", from propped End.
Here collapse load is
we CIVIL_ENGINEERING
Determine the collpase load W, for the frame with loads and plastic moment capicities as shown
in figure.
Sol. The no of indeterminancy = 3
The location of possible plastic hinges and given at A, B, C, D and vertical load point E.
No. of independent mechanism = 5—3= 2
One is beam mechanism and other is sway mechanism
:. Beam mechanism
w
@
From virtual work equation
2MpO+2My0+2Mp6+1.5Mpo = Waa
19Mp _
—=t zw
19 My. >
Ww, = ee 3.167 Mp, ai CIVIL ENGINEERING PLASTIC ANALYSIS 75
Panel Mechanism (Sway Mechanism)
> 4 (2) Git)
From virtual work equation
W.
<2 |40
( 2 )
=a BMp042M,0+1.5M pp +1.5Mp}
. anosomt>(2) = 2,8
= were _ owe
24 Mp
28 0)
Combined Mechanism: eliminating hinge at B.
w
uw,
2My
2M, 76 STEEL CIVIL ENGINEERING
we (v)
. vi)
From virtual work equation
(20) (20) (40 40) WwW,
2M p04 2M,0+ 209 71 504(28)..15 ay(*®)+.5my(“2) - Woao.ewo
2My6-+2M,04 201, (22) son, (}15m,(2) usu, () - Me40-W.29
= 8M,0
win
Of various possible mechanism, the combined mechanism gives lowest collpase load.
Therefore collapse load = 2.68 M,
Check For the combined Mechanism
Hy +H,
H, = 0.29 Mp (©)
M, = H,x 4 ~ 2Mp = - 084 M, < 2M, (O.K)
‘Thus moments are everywhere less than or equal to My
‘Therefore [W £2580]
ze
ind the collapse load of the structure as shown below and draw the collpase BALD
w
ep | am,
a oe
| - | | vant CIVIL_ENGINEERING PLASTIC ANALYSIS 7
Sol. No of indeterminaney
°. No. of possible hinge at A, B, C, D and E,
-3=2
No. of independent mechanism
Beam Mechanism
. Gi)
> 2Mp0+2Mp0+2Mp$+1.5Mp> = W30
. anon (2) — ave
a svioaMe «aw
=> @
(ii) Panel Mechanism (Sway Mechanism)
(iii) 78 STEEL CIVIL ENGINEERING
From virtual work equation
w
2Mp0-+2Mp0+1.5 Mph +15 Mp = S68
30
_ 4njo-ay(¥) awe
8M,0+9Mp6
> —T = awe
we vu =2.83 Mp @)
Gii) Combined mechanism: eliminating hinge B, (because sway is towards right)
w
B= A
> 68 = 4h
6038
> # = P50 «
Again 30 = 44,
30
a (*) ©
From virtual work equation
Mp0-+2M,0+2My Ba 5My 2) 1
10.5 Myo
AM)O+
= 6wo
W = 185 M, wily
Of various possible mechanism, the correct mechanism is one which gives the least load. CIVIL ENGINEERING PLASTIC ANALYSIS 79
4 13M,
ey
ws .
6m am
Heel) Heel Pim,
2Mp
‘Therefore collapase loade W = 1.854 M,
2Mp = 0
H, (Hotes tee 0.75 My (C)
1s 7
SH =O
wa
2
Ww 5
Hy= 3 -Hy -0.75 Mp
Hy = O.177M)() Hy
Again Buy = 0
> 2Mp+M = Hy x6
> M = .177 M, x 6 ~ 2M,)
= - 0.938 M, Mp0 + Mp0 +Mp0 +Mp@ = P, Le
> 4M,@ = PLO
4M,
= (8) ®
Sway Mechanism CIVIL ENGINEERING PLASTIC ANALYSIS 81
ay = Ay
Lo = 2L4
From virtual work equation
= M,8 + M,6 +My +Mp§ = Py .LO
= 2M,0 + mMyx$ = P10 > 3M,
re
L
Combined Mechanism
= From vertual work equation
= Mp0 +Mp6+Mp0+M,0+2Myh = P,l0 +P, 18
- wnyavant (2) « a0
(ail)
Of the various possible mechanism, the combined mechanism gives the least value of the load
a
‘Therefore collapse load P, = |
82
STEEL
Collapse bending moment diagram
Hata
Mp
Taking the moment about point C
EMe = 0
Hp x2l = (M, + M,
CIVIL ENGINEERING
aL CIVIL_ENGINEERING PLASTIC ANALYSIS 83
A portal frame ABCD consists of column AB and CD height 3 m and 4 m respectively, while the
beam BC is of span 3m. All the members have te same fully plastic moment Mp. The frame is
subjected to a vertical point load of 40 KN at the centre of BC and a horizontal sway load of 18
KN at C in the direction BC as shown in the figure. Find the fully plastic moment of the frame
note that the given load system is the collapse load syst@m,
es
rn © iskn
3m
3m ae
A
Sol. No of indeterminaney i= 3
possible location of plastic hinge at A, B, C, D and under the load of 40 kN,E
No. of independent mechanism = 5 ~ 3 = 2
Beam Mechanism
From virtual work equation.
cn
Mp0+M)0-+Mp6+Mp0 = 40 x 1.50
> 4M,9 = 40x 150
60) _30
M, (S)-3-r5ua0m @
‘Sway mechanism 84 STEEL CIVIL ENGINEERING
38 = 4g ie
From virtual-work equation
= MpO-+M;0+Mp}+My§ = 18 x Ap
38
22) © soy
(SMp +6Mp)0
/ s (8M, M, xt. 5.43 kNm (it)
Combined mechanism
40kN
|
|
From virtual work equation
Mp0+Mp0-+Mp+Mp0+Myo+Mpé = 18%30440x1.56
30
anyov2ntg(2) = 1148
| = {9m = 114
|
i = My = HAe4 20.73 kNm ew)
Of vavious possible mechanism the correct mechanism is one,
which gives the least value of the
collapse load é.c., masimum palastic moment capacity
Therefore, Mp = 20.73 kNim CIVIL ENGINEERING PLASTIC ANALYSIS 85
The plastic moment Mp of both beam and columns are same for the loaded frame shown in the
above figure. Using mechanism method determine the ultimate load. W
we
3m C0 Sm
Mp M,
lam
Sol. No, of indeterminaney = i = 3
No. of possible location of plastic hinge = A, B, C, D and E
No. of Independent Mechanism = 5-3=2
One is beam mechanism and other is'sway mechanism
Beam Mechanism-1
From virtual work equation
4 Mp0 = 2Wx30
We Ge) @
Sway Mechanism (Panel ~ Mechanism) |
86 STEEL CIVIL ENGINEERING
A = Ay
e=6
= From virtual work equation
> Mp0+Mp8+Mp6+Mp0 = Wag
= 4Mp® = Wx40 :
= w=M, i)
Combined Mechanism
. f= 441
From virtual-work equation
M,0+Mp0+My0-+M,0+MO+M,6 = Wx40+2Ws30
6Mj0 = 1owe
W = 06M, Gi)
Of various possible mechanism the correct mechanism is orie which gives the least value of the
collapse load,
A fixed base rectangular portal frame is of height and span [. The columns each have full plastic
moment-2Mp and the beam has full plastic moment M,, Find the value of w,, which would cause
collapse,
Collapse Load, W = 0.6 M,
c
Niel CIVIL ENGINEERING PLASTIC ANALYSIS 87
Sol.
(Considering Beam Mechanism
Mec
a “ (ey
1
Boy sF=0
2M, B
2 ry
ee er
My Bo
ads
at,
Segment AB: Segment BC =
-2Mp ~2Mp 0 and
wx?)
Mp = [Jaf @
hull
3
> AL + 4x? -818
> x?-8lx+4l? = 0
x = (0.536))
8M,
a @
(1) Sway Mechanism : ae,
o=¢6 Gi)
-2M,0-M,0-Mp4-2M,4 +Lw (18) = 0
one = taro gah
@) 88 STEEL CIVIL ENGINEERING
Combined Mechanism :
i)
Gv)
~2Mp0-2My0-Mp- 2p +E wx, 38+ (x) (<8)
mt,osamp(3}0 = wx0 (3-5)
_ wa(i-¥)
: 2
_ BRQI=x) ,
* 2Gr+3x)
aM,
for maximum Mp, ea =0
x = (0.7481)
(282M)
7 | ©
Thus lowest load occuss in the sway mechanism,
[a]
Determine the collapse load for the frame ABCD shown in figure. The geometry of the frame,
loading and properties are given in the figure CIVIL_ENGINEERING PLASTIC ANALYSIS 89
Sol. No. of indeterminancy = i= 3
» No. of possible hinge at A, B, C, D, E and F.
‘Therefore No. of independent mechanism = 6
Beam Mechanism -1
2w aw
From virtual-work equation
| > ‘M;0+2M,0+2Mpo+Mp§ = 2W0+2W6
mon morning antyo aa, -() . awo 2
> 4M,0 = ~
S wW, = Me _ Me =)
Beam Mechanism II
aw aw
From virtual work equation
1 > My0+2M)0+2Mpb+Mpo = 2Wo42W x30
5 3M,0+3M, x8) = swe
| > 12 m0 = avo
12Mp)_3
WwW, = (=) Mp cy 90 STEEL
Sway Mechanism
“On,
26
oro
From virtual work equation
Mp0+M,0+Mp04 M0 = Wop
> 4M,6 = awe
W, =: 2Mp
Combined Mechanism:
Case I when hinge at C is considered
ow
CIVIL ENGINEERING
ii) CIVIL ENGINEERING PLASTIC ANALYSIS 91
from virtual work equation
_ Mp6+2Mp0+2Mp(2|+p(2}+ao+M,e = 2we+2w{?) «ayo
p0+2Mp( 2 ]+ Mp (2) -M,0-+ My 3} +029)
u
> = Awe
6M,o = 3
18
= Bu,
> .F rv
9
> Wy = (2) . Gv)
Combined mechanism when hinge formation will take place at D.
2w aw
and 29 = 2a
Using principle of virtual work
internal work done = external work done
M,0 + 2M,0 + 2M,6+M,¢+Mycc-+Mya = 2Wx30+ 2W x04 W x28
3M,0 +3M, (30) +2M,0 = 2Wx30+ 2W 0+ W x20
14M,9 = 1010
Of various possible mechanism, the correct mechanism is one which gives the least value of the
collapse load
Collapse load, Wy= (Plastic moment capacity of column)
1OKNIn,
20kN
Sol.
Beam Mechanism
am
(een '
Nice aye
8
alternate to above mechanism
@ CIVIL ENGINEERING PLASTIC ANALYSIS 93
10kN/m a 10kN/m
(qchencadonencd) Fesenlmmesnncee
Mp , 10x" Mp _ 0
ene
Mp =
or xP-(4-x)? = 0
Bee
M, = 5x 2 = 20kN-m
Sway Mechanism
1OkNim,
-My0 Meg Mey -Myb+ 20x40 0
2Mp0+M,0 = 2040
2Mp = 80
80
' Mm, = 22667 kNim “i
Combined Mechanism.»
20KN
ay = Ae
= 40 =40
or 6 = 4
and x8 =(4-x)a 94 STEEL CIVIL ENGINEERING
1 Mp, M, a
> 20494105 x60)x4-Myo-NE ME gM Tt Mb =0
aN)
> (8004206) = Mp( Joe(aai0)
or mp(3+ = (20x+80)
20%+80, og gy _ G=x)40-110x)
= 2x) a)
aM,
For maximum value of M,, ze 0
= o
= ~120x +203? +160-10x =
| 10x? -120x +160 = 0
i or x?-12+16 = 0 — :
| x = (158m)
and a, = (HeQctee")
My = (80.557) kNm. Gi)
| cut of above 3 mechanism, the plastic moment capacity is maximum of all the 3 values
30.557 kN-m
Given rectangular frame of uniform section whose plastic moment capacity
's Mp. Computer the ultimate load and sketch the bending moment distribution at collapse.
al
7
D
at Mp
E CIVIL ENGINEERING
Sol. No. of indeterminacy, i =
No. of Plastic hinge location at A, B, C, D and E.
No. of Independent Mechanism
Beam Mechanism - I
ste
6
From virtual work equation
> Mp0+Mp0+Mp@+Mp@
= 2Mp0+2Mp x30
Mp
° ist
Sway Mechanism (Panel Mechanism)
4,
> ag
4
From Virtual - Work Equation
>
=>
Mp@+Mp@+Mp6+ Mp
4Mpo
Combined Mechanism
and
418
310
a
Hy
PLASTIC ANALYSIS 95
3
Mp Mp
BP x 310
15Ple
P
ay
Ale [
4,
30 96 STEEL CIVIL_ENGINEERING
From vertical work equation
=> Mp0+Mp@+ Mp4, +Mp@, +Mp$+ Mp = Px 4/0 +5P 310
=> 2Mp0+Mp(30) + Mp(30)+2Mpo = 19P70
> 10Mpé = 19P10
Ps aCe) ‘ QV)
197
Of various possible mechanism, the combined mechanism given the least value of the collapse load |
10Mp
Collapse lord Pu = | =>
191
M M__cy Me
FOG Yes |
Hy x i
M; Hy: Mr :
Taking the moment about C
> Hy x41 = 2Mp
‘2Mp Mp
Hy ( 4 } = GS
Ey = 0
> Hy +H, =P
Mp (Me
= he ar a (3)
Again taking the moment about B.
> Mp +M = Hy x 41
Ty Np CIVIL ENGINEERING PLASTIC ANALYSIS 97
Collapse B.M. Diagram
Mp
Yup TB Mt
ae PMp
Mp
Mp
A portal from ABCD fixed at its base carries a point load of 60 KN at the middle point of beam
BC and a horizontal sway force of 25 KN. The column AB and CD are 4/and 6 m long respectively
and the beam is 4 m long
25 KN I
M, 4Mpo
302% 40
12028
a= pr = 383 1» AV)
Combined Mechanism
40 = 4 :
= 4
From triangle ABC
= x0 =
From Virtual Work Equation
= Mp0+Mp0+Mpé, +Mpé, +Mpo+Mp4
up an
= 9014042 x06. 20%
> Mpa 2m, Z 2. -2mpo = 12020+-601x0
> 4Mp + 2Mp| = A(120+60x)
Nol
= 4120 +60x)
“)
for minimum value 2, (@dldx = 0)
~ 8x - 24 + 9s? (06 ~ a8x — 8x + 4x2) CIVIL ENGINEERING PLASTIC ANALYSIS 101
> at de + 60 = 0 con WD
Solving the above equation, We get
x = 283m
15
> ** S[aeass
2 = 1996 .
Of various possible, the correct mechanism is one which gives the least value of
load factor.
‘Therefore a = 1996
Give a rectangular frame of uniform section when plastic moment capacity is Mp. How much will
be the ultimate load it will carry in the combined mechanism, shown in figure. Sketch the B.M.
distribution at collapse,
D ©
c
Sol.
1
Me
ahr
Beam Mechanism :
fx
D/Np “My My+tvn(S+4) 0
2Mp = voe( 2)
My = pee oh =O
and aM, +My wf
\
-s} 402 STEEL CIVIL ENGINEERING
x) (4) o wGeeL29
Mp = 75 Ql? -2 +4x?—4Ix)
or Mp = jf (Ax? -6ix-+4l?)
ie, Mp = [@x?-alx +) .. Gi) }
from (i) & (ii) t
W(oxtatz) = “lo? appt? :
Flext) = Maxt-aixe) ;
axtelx = 2x? six att i
_ ,
fix = i
'
Mp = t
|
Mp = Git) :
‘Sway Mechanism :
a=¢
~My0-Mp0~Mp§~Mp4 + Area of shaded portion xw=0
'
4My6 = 3(4e-%0) a
0.03129 wi
we
My = . Gv) i
1
{
|
l
CIVIL ENGINEERING
Combined Mechanism :
b=
aM,o+2h,(4+4)0
gl+4xtd
ae()
2Mp
—Leol+ =
Wi (5+ 4x)
Mp =
aMy
form maximum value of Mp,
dx
wl (61+4x)(4l-8x) ~(P? 4-4 —4x?)(4)
4 lax)?
=> 201 416 Lx ~40lx ~32x" — 40? -16 Ix +16x" =
3 16? -401x-16
