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AUBF - ROUTINE URINALYSIS - Laboratory

This document provides information on routine urinalysis procedures. It discusses testing the volume, clarity, color, and specific gravity of urine samples. Common urine tests examine for the presence of nitrogenous waste products, urobilinogen, glucose, ketones, protein, blood, and salts. Tests are performed using reagent strips, pH meters, microscopy, and photometric assays. Proper collection, handling, and interpretation of urinalysis results are also outlined.

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Chie Hisugan
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63 views9 pages

AUBF - ROUTINE URINALYSIS - Laboratory

This document provides information on routine urinalysis procedures. It discusses testing the volume, clarity, color, and specific gravity of urine samples. Common urine tests examine for the presence of nitrogenous waste products, urobilinogen, glucose, ketones, protein, blood, and salts. Tests are performed using reagent strips, pH meters, microscopy, and photometric assays. Proper collection, handling, and interpretation of urinalysis results are also outlined.

Uploaded by

Chie Hisugan
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ROUTINE URINALYSIS

- Nitrogenous paper

- Volume – only used for special tests


(Creatinine clearance)
- Urinometer – interference of temp.
- Refractometer – - White bg reflects light – preferred – bounce
light
- Antibiotic – orange - Clarity
- Liquidation product of enzymes
- Urochrome – give pigment to urine
- depends on body state

-Color & Clarity (Turbidity, Transparency)

urobilin (yellow to brown) & uroerythrin (pink


to red discoloration – uric acid/urates) – minor
pigments
straw – very pale yellow

PHOTOMETRIC METHOD ASSAY (USE


LIGHT)
[For automation]
- Based on turbidimetric method/turbidimetry
assay: Principle – measured by particles block
- Not metabolize because of certain condition
by light (spectrometer) / light block
- Blue diapers syndrome – presence of amino
- Nephelometric – measure the scattered light
acid (streptocan)
- For manual reading
- Old reading ( hazy, milky, etc.)
- Calibrate to 0 – distilled water
- Sucrose & sodium fluoride Greater than 1.010 = hypersthenuria
Flat 1.010 = isosthenuria

- Sediment and precipitate settle down so it


should be mixed
- Advantage: minimal sample (1-2 drops) - Changes in temperature – changes in
- Daylight plate concentration – changes in pH
- Prism surface – reflect light - Not recommended
- Suspen 30 secs to 1 minute before - Weight contains mercury

- No of light block and refract in the prism


1. pH meter
2. Litrazine paper – pH paper
3. Rapid

- Routinely tested
- Albumin (several chemical test) – precense of
proteins and carbs
Randon collection any time of the day
= 5-8.5-9
First morning = 4-6 (normal)

- use of Heat & weak acid


-

- 2 indicator
- pH meter – gas electrode
- Rapid = many parameters
- Acetic acid = vinegar - Table of results
- Flocculi – clamp in the suspended in addition
with chemical; reversible
- Agglutinates – irreversible

- proteinuria – presence of protein in urine


- Renal proteinuria – kidney

- another turbidimetric method


- Sulfo-salicylic acid – weak acid

- Denature = split into many amino acid;


irreversible
- Acetic acid test : Principle
- SSA – irreversible

- Concentrated nitric acid – very strong


- Benedict’s reagent (copper II sulphate)
- For glucose

- Carbohydrate
- splashing occurs 1 regeant: 10 urine ; 1:10

- Upper reduction method - precense of salts on carbs


- Sodium tartrate

- Semi-quantitative
- Cannot detect sucrose, fructose - Black (ketones, protein)
-

- Bismuth nitrate – indicator

- strong alkali (Potassium hydroxide) natatangal


ang aldehyde group = caramelization in color

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