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3GPP
The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) is an
umbrella term for a number of standards organizations which 3rd Generation Partnership
develop protocols for mobile telecommunications. Its best known Project
work is the development and maintenance of:[1] Abbreviation 3GPP
Formation 1998
GSM and related 2G and 2.5G standards, including GPRS and
EDGE Type Standards
UMTS and related 3G standards, including HSPA and HSPA+ organization
LTE and related 4G standards, including LTE Advanced and LTE Region Worldwide
Advanced Pro served
5G NR and related 5G standards
An evolved IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) developed in an access independent manner

3GPP is a consortium with seven national or regional telecommunication standards organizations as

primary members ("organizational partners") and a variety of other organizations as associate members
("market representation partners"). The 3GPP organizes its work into three different streams: Radio
Access Networks, Services and Systems Aspects, and Core Network and Terminals.[2]

The project was established in December 1998 with the goal of developing a specification for a 3G mobile
phone system based on the 2G GSM system, within the scope of the International Telecommunication
Union's International Mobile Telecommunications-2000, hence the name 3GPP.[3] It should not be
confused with 3rd Generation Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2), which developed a competing 3G system,
CDMA2000.[4]

The 3GPP headquarters (known as the "Mobile Competence Centre") is located at the European
Telecommunications Standards Institute headquarters in the Sophia Antipolis technology park in
France.[5]

Contents
History
Organizational partners
Market Representation Partners
Standards
Specification groups
Standardization process
Deployment
See also
References
External links

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History
The 3rd Generation Partnership Project initiative eventually arose from a strategic initiative between
Nortel Networks and AT&T Wireless. In 1998 AT&T Wireless was operating an IS-136 (TDMA) wireless
network in the United States. In 1997 Nortel Networks' Wireless R&D center in Richardson, Texas, the
wireless division of Bell Northern Research had developed a vision for "an all Internet Protocol (IP)"
wireless network that went under the internal name "Cell Web". As the concept progressed, Nortel
launched the industry vision as "Wireless Internet". AT&T Wireless, poised to evolve its network in the
United States, took a strong interest in Wireless Internet and its promise of Internet Protocol (with
Nortel Networks as the potential supplier). Within 12 months or so, AT&T launched a global initiative
that they named "3GIP", a third generation wireless standard that was "natively" Internet Protocol
based.[6] Initially, principal participants included British Telecom, France Telecom, Telecom Italia, and
Nortel Networks, but were eventually joined by NTT DoCoMo, BellSouth, Telenor, Lucent, Ericsson,
Motorola, Nokia, and others.[7] A 3GIP standards forum was instituted and standards began to be
developed. The forum progressed into the 2000 time frame, up until AT&T Wireless and British Telecom
formed a strategic "partnership project" to facilitate "global roaming" between U.S. and European
markets. With this business arrangement, GSM, the prevailing European standard was adopted as the
basis of AT&T Wireless' network evolution for North America. Very specifically, this included the
deployment of GSM data capabilities, i.e. GPRS, EDGE, and its evolution to UMTS.

Organizational partners
The seven 3GPP Organizational Partners are from Asia, Europe and North America. Their aim is to
determine the general policy and strategy of 3GPP and perform the following tasks:

The approval and maintenance of the 3GPP scope;

The maintenance of the Partnership Project Description;
Take the decision to create or cease a Technical Specification Groups, and approve their scope and
terms of reference;
The approval of Organizational Partner funding requirements;
The allocation of human and financial resources provided by the Organizational Partners to the
Project Co-ordination Group;
Act as a body of appeal on procedural matters referred to them.

Together with the Market Representation Partners (MRPs) perform the following tasks:

The maintenance of the Partnership Project Agreement;

The approval of applications for 3GPP partnership;
Take the decision against a possible dissolution of 3GPP.

The Organizational Partners are:

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Organizational Partners
Organization Country/region Website
ARIB (http://www.
Association of Radio Industries and Businesses (ARIB) Japan
arib.or.jp)
ATIS (http://www.
Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions (ATIS) USA
atis.org)
CCSA (http://ww
China Communications Standards Association (CCSA) China
w.ccsa.org.cn)
ETSI (http://www.
European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) Europe
etsi.org)
TSDSI (http://tsds
Telecommunications Standards Development Society (TSDSI) India
i.org/)
TTA (http://www.tt
Telecommunications Technology Association (TTA) South Korea
a.or.kr)
TTC (http://www.tt
Telecommunication Technology Committee (TTC) Japan
c.or.jp)

Market Representation Partners

The 3GPP Organizational Partners can invite a Market Representation Partner to take part in 3GPP,
which:

Has the ability to offer market advice to 3GPP and to bring into 3GPP a consensus view of market
requirements (e.g., services, features and functionality) falling within the 3GPP scope;
Does not have the capability and authority to define, publish and set standards within the 3GPP
scope, nationally or regionally;
Has committed itself to all or part of the 3GPP scope;
Has signed the Partnership Project Agreement.

As of June 2017, the Market Representation Partners were:

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Market Representation Partners

Organization Website
5gamericas (http://www.5gam
4G Americas
ericas.org)
5G Automotive Association 5gaa (http://www.5gaa.org)
5GIA (https://5g-ppp.eu/assoc
5G Infrastructure Association
iation/)
MobilityDG (http://MobilityDG.
Mobility Development Group (former CDMA Development Group)
org)
Cellular Operators Association of India (COAI) coai (http://www.coai.com)
CTIA CTIA (http://ctia.org/)
GCF (http://www.globalcertific
Global Certification Forum (GCF)
ationforum.org/)
gsacom (http://www.gsacom.c
Global Mobile Suppliers Association (GSA)
om)
gsmworld (https://web.archiv
GSM Association (GSMA) e.org/web/20110222090438/ht
tp://www.gsmworld.com/)
imsforum (https://web.archive.
IMS Forum org/web/20130609022649/htt
p://imsforum.org/)
icu (https://web.archive.org/w
InfoCommunication Union eb/20180120034708/http://ww
w.icu.org.ru/)
ipv6forum (http://www.ipv6foru
IPV6 Forum
m.com)
Next Generation Mobile Networks (NGMN) ngmn (http://www.ngmn.org)
PSCE (http://www.psc-europ
Public Safety Communication Europe (PSCE) Forum
e.eu/)
smallcellforum (http://www.sm
Small Cell Forum (formerly Femto Forum)
allcellforum.org)
tdscdma (http://www.tdscdma-
TD-Forum
forum.org)
tdscdma (https://web.archive.
TD SCDMA Industry Alliance org/web/20180809155453/htt
p://tdscdma-alliance.org/)
TETRA and Critical Communications Association (TCCA) tcca (http://www.tandcca.com)
umts (http://www.umts-forum.
UMTS Forum
org)
WB Alliance (http://www.wballi
Wireless Broadband Alliance
ance.com/)

Standards
3GPP standards are structured as Releases. Discussion of 3GPP thus frequently refers to the
functionality in one release or another.
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Version[8] Released[9] Info

Phase 1 1992 GSM Features

Phase 2 1995 GSM Features, EFR Codec,
Release 96 1997 Q1 GSM Features, 14.4 kbit/s User Data Rate,
Release 97 1998 Q1 GSM Features, GPRS
Release 98 1999 Q1 GSM Features, AMR codec, EDGE, GPRS for PCS1900
Specified the first UMTS 3G networks, incorporating a CDMA air
Release 99 2000 Q1
interface[10]
Originally called the Release 2000 – added features including an all-IP
Release 4 2001 Q2
Core Network[11]

Release 5 2002 Q1 Introduced IMS and HSDPA[12]

Integrated operation with Wireless LAN networks and adds HSUPA,
Release 6 2004 Q4 MBMS, enhancements to IMS such as Push to Talk over Cellular (PoC),
GAN[13]
Focuses on decreasing latency, improvements to QoS and real-time
applications such as VoIP.[14] This specification also focus on HSPA+
Release 7 2007 Q4 (High Speed Packet Access Evolution), SIM high-speed protocol and
contactless front-end interface (Near Field Communication enabling
operators to deliver contactless services like Mobile Payments), EDGE
Evolution.
First LTE release. All-IP Network (SAE). New OFDMA, FDE and MIMO
Release 8 2008 Q4 based radio interface, not backwards compatible with previous CDMA
interfaces. Dual-Cell HSDPA. UMTS HNB.
SAES Enhancements, WiMAX and LTE/UMTS Interoperability. Dual-Cell
Release 9 2009 Q4
HSDPA with MIMO, Dual-Cell HSUPA. LTE HeNB.
LTE Advanced fulfilling IMT Advanced 4G requirements. Backwards
Release 10 2011 Q1
compatible with release 8 (LTE). Multi-Cell HSDPA (4 carriers).
Advanced IP Interconnection of Services. Service layer interconnection
between national operators/carriers as well as third party application
Release 11 2012 Q3
providers. Heterogeneous networks (HetNet) improvements, Coordinated
Multi-Point operation (CoMP). In-device Co-existence (IDC).
Enhanced Small Cells (higher order modulation, dual connectivity, cell
discovery, self configuration), Carrier aggregation (2 uplink carriers, 3
downlink carriers, FDD/TDD carrier aggregation), MIMO (3D channel
Release 12 2015 Q1
modeling, elevation beamforming, massive MIMO), New and Enhanced
Services (cost and range of MTC, D2D communication, eMBMS
enhancements)[15]
LTE in unlicensed, LTE enhancements for Machine-Type Communication.
Release 13 2016 Q1 Elevation Beamforming / Full-Dimension MIMO, Indoor positioning.[16]
LTE-Advanced Pro.
Energy Efficiency, Location Services (LCS), Mission Critical Data over
LTE, Mission Critical Video over LTE, Flexible Mobile Service Steering
Release 14 2017 Q2 (FMSS), Multimedia Broadcast Supplement for Public Warning System
(MBSP), enhancement for TV service, massive Internet of Things, Cell
Broadcast Service (CBS)[17]
First NR ("New Radio") release. Support for 5G Vehicle-to-x service, IP
Release 15 2018 Q2 Multimedia Core Network Subsystem (IMS), Future Railway Mobile
Communication System[18]
Release 16 2020 Q3 The 5G System - Phase 2: 5G enhancements, NR-based access to

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unlicensed spectrum (NR-U), Satellite access[19]

Release 17 2021 Q? ?

Each release incorporates hundreds of individual Technical Specification and Technical Report
documents, each of which may have been through many revisions. Current 3GPP standards incorporate
the latest revision of the GSM standards.

The documents are made available without charge on 3GPP's web site. The Technical Specifications
cover not only the radio part ("Air Interface") and Core Network, but also billing information and speech
coding down to source code level. Cryptographic aspects (such as authentication, confidentiality) are also
specified. 3GPP2 offers similar information about its system.

Specification groups
The 3GPP specification work is done in Technical Specification Groups (TSGs) and Working Groups
(WGs).[20]

There are three Technical Specifications Groups, each of which consists of multiple WGs:

RAN (Radio Access Network): RAN specifies the UTRAN and the E-UTRAN. It is composed of six
working groups.

WG Shorthand Scope Specifications

RAN1 (http://ww
List of specs (http://www.3gpp.or
RAN WG1 w.3gpp.org/RAN Radio Layer 1 specification
g/DynaReport/TSG-WG--R1.htm)
1-Radio-layer-1)
RAN2 (http://ww
w.3gpp.org/RAN Radio Layer 2 and Radio Layer 3 RR List of specs (http://www.3gpp.or
RAN WG2
2-Radio-layer-2- specification g/DynaReport/TSG-WG--R2.htm)
and-Radio-layer)
RAN3 (http://ww
w.3gpp.org/RAN
Iub Iur and Iu specification – UTRAN O&M List of specs (http://www.3gpp.or
RAN WG3 3-Iu-Iub-Iur-S1-X
requirements g/DynaReport/TSG-WG--R3.htm)
2-and-UTRAN-
E)
RAN4 (http://ww
Radio performance and protocol aspects
w.3gpp.org/RAN List of specs (http://www.3gpp.or
RAN WG4 (system) – RF parameters and BS
4-Radio-perform g/DynaReport/TSG-WG--R4.htm)
conformance
ance-and)
RAN5 (http://ww
w.3gpp.org/RAN List of specs (http://www.3gpp.or
RAN WG5 Mobile terminal conformance testing
5-Mobile-termina g/DynaReport/TSG-WG--R5.htm)
l-conformance)
RAN6 (http://ww
w.3gpp.org/spec
ifications-group
List of specs (http://www.3gpp.or
RAN WG6 s/ran-plenary/ra GERAN radio and protocol
g/DynaReport/TSG-WG--R6.htm)
n6-legacy-ran-ra
dio-and-protoco
l)

SA (Service and System Aspects): SA specifies the service requirements and the overall
architecture of the 3GPP system. It is also responsible for the coordination of the project. SA is
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composed of six working groups.

WG Shorthand Scope Specifications

SA1 (http://www.
List of specs (http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/html-info/TS
SA WG1 3gpp.org/SA1-S Services
G-WG--S1.htm)
ervices)
SA2 (http://www.
List of specs (http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/html-info/TS
SA WG2 3gpp.org/SA2-Ar Architecture
G-WG--S2.htm)
chitecture)
SA3 (http://www.
List of specs (http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/html-info/TS
SA WG3 3gpp.org/SA3-S Security
G-WG--S3.htm)
ecurity)
SA4 (http://www.
List of specs (http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/html-info/TS
SA WG4 3gpp.org/SA4-C Codec
G-WG--S4.htm)
odec)
SA5 (http://www.
3gpp.org/SA5-T Telecom List of specs (http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/html-info/TS
SA WG5
elecom-Manage Management G-WG--S5.htm)
ment)
SA6 (http://www.
3gpp.org/specifi
cations-groups/s Mission-critical List of specs (http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/html-info/TS
SA WG6
a-plenary/sa6-mi applications G-WG--S6.htm)
ssion-critical-app
lications)

CT (Core Network and Terminals): CT specifies the core network and terminal parts of 3GPP. It
includes the core network – terminal layer 3 protocols. It is composed of five working groups.

WG Shorthand Scope Specifications

CT1 (http://www.
List of specs (http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/html-info/
CT WG1 3gpp.org/CT1-M MM/CC/SM (lu)
TSG-WG--C1.htm)
M-CC-SM-lu)
CT WG2 CT2 closed
CT3 (http://www.
3gpp.org/CT3-In Interworking with external List of specs (http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/html-info/
CT WG3
terworking-with- networks TSG-WG--C3.htm)
External)
CT4 (http://www.
3gpp.org/CT4-M
List of specs (http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/html-info/
CT WG4 AP-CAMEL-GTP MAP/GTP / BCH/SS
TSG-WG--C4.htm)
-BCH-SS-TrFO-I
MS)
CT5 (http://www. OSA (Now transferred to
CT WG5
3gpp.org/CT5) OMA)
CT6 (http://www.
3gpp.org/CT6-S Smart Card Application List of specs (http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/html-info/
CT WG6
mart-Card-Appli Aspects TSG-WG--C6.htm)
cation-Aspects)

GERAN (GSM/EDGE Radio Access Network):

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The closure of GERAN was announced in January 2016.[21] The specification work on legacy
GSM/EDGE system was transferred to a new RAN WG, RAN6.

The 3GPP structure also includes a Project Coordination Group, which is the highest decision-making
body. Its missions include the management of overall timeframe and work progress.

Standardization process
3GPP standardization work is contribution-driven. Companies ("individual members") participate
through their membership to a 3GPP Organizational Partner. As of April 2011, 3GPP is composed of
more than 370 individual members.[22]

Specification work is done at WG and at TSG level:[23]

the 3GPP WGs hold several meetings a year. They prepare and discuss change requests against
3GPP specifications. A change request accepted at WG level is called "agreed".
the 3GPP TSGs hold plenary meetings quarterly. The TSGs can "approve" the change requests that
were agreed at WG level. Some specifications are under the direct responsibility of TSGs and
therefore, change requests can also be handled at TSG level. The approved change requests are
subsequently incorporated in 3GPP specifications.

3GPP follows a three-stage methodology as defined in ITU-T Recommendation I.130:[24]

stage 1 specifications define the service requirements from the user point of view.
stage 2 specifications define an architecture to support the service requirements.
stage 3 specifications define an implementation of the architecture by specifying protocols in details.

Test specifications are sometimes defined as stage 4, as they follow stage 3.

Specifications are grouped into releases. A release consists of a set of internally consistent set of features
and specifications.

Timeframes are defined for each release by specifying freezing dates. Once a release is frozen, only
essential corrections are allowed (i.e. addition and modifications of functions are forbidden). Freezing
dates are defined for each stage.

The 3GPP specifications are transposed into deliverables by the Organizational Partners.

Deployment
3GPP systems are deployed across much of the established GSM market.[25][26] They are primarily
Release 6 systems, but as of 2010, growing interest in HSPA+ and LTE is driving adoption of Release 7
and its successors. Since 2005, 3GPP systems were seeing deployment in the same markets as 3GPP2
systems (for example, North America[27]). With LTE the official successor to 3GPP2's CDMA systems,
3GPP-based systems will eventually become the single global mobile standard.

See also
List of mobile phone generations
Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS)
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3GPP Long Term Evolution

Evolution to 3G
IP Multimedia Subsystem
3GP
3GPP2 – The 3GPP's counterpart in the CDMA2000 sphere.
GSM services
Telecoms & Internet converged Services & Protocols for Advanced Networks (TISPAN)
Open Mobile Alliance
Service layer
European Telecommunications Standards Institute

References
1. 3GPP Scope and Objectives, 31 August 2007 (http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Inbox/2008_web_files/3GPP_
Scopeando310807.pdf)
2. "About 3GPP" (http://www.3gpp.org/about-3gpp/about-3gpp). 3GPP. Retrieved 10 March 2019.
3. "3GPP Background" (https://web.archive.org/web/20000706195240/http://www.3gpp.org/About_3GP
P/3gpp.htm). 7 June 2000. Archived from the original (http://www.3gpp.org/About_3GPP/3gpp.htm)
on 6 July 2000.
4. 3rd Generation Partnership Project 2 (http://www.3gpp2.org/)
5. "Mobile Competence Centre" (http://3gpp.org/Mobile-Competence-Centre). 3GPP. Retrieved
10 March 2019.
6. "3G.IP Mission Statement" (https://web.archive.org/web/20000831062005/http://www.3gip.org/missio
n.htm). 3G.IP. 2000. Archived from the original (http://www.3gip.org/mission.htm) on 31 August 2000.
Retrieved 17 January 2014.
7. "3G.IP Membership List" (https://web.archive.org/web/20000831062054/http://www.3gip.org/list.htm).
3G.IP. 2000. Archived from the original (http://www.3gip.org/list.htm) on 31 August 2000. Retrieved
17 January 2014.
8. Releases (http://www.3gpp.org/releases)
9. "3GPP Specifications - Releases (and phases and stages)" (https://www.3gpp.org/specifications).
Retrieved 16 September 2010.
10. Overview of 3GPP Release 99, Summary of all Release 99 Features. ETSI Mobile Competence
Centre, Version xx/07/04
11. Overview of 3GPP Release 4, Summary of all Release 4 Features, v.1.1.0 (draft) ETSI Mobile
Competence Centre 2004
12. Summary of all Release 5 Features, ETSI Mobile Competence Centre, Version 9 September 2003
13. Overview of 3GPP Release 6, Summary of all Release 6 Features, Version TSG #33, ETSI Mobile
Competence Centre 2006
14. Review of the Work Plan at Plenaries #31, 3GPP, SP-060232 3GPP TSG SA#31 Sanya, 13–16
March 2006
15. "Highlights of 3GPP Release 12" (http://www.unwiredinsight.com/2014/highlights-of-3gpp-release-1
2). Retrieved 20 November 2014.
16. "Release 13 priorities" (http://www.3gpp.org/news-events/3gpp-news/1628-rel13). Retrieved
20 November 2014.
17. Portal, 3GPP. "3GPP Portal > Specifications" (https://portal.3gpp.org/Specifications.aspx?q=1&relea
ses=189). portal.3gpp.org. Retrieved 27 October 2016.

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18. Portal, 3GPP. "3GPP Portal > Specifications" (https://portal.3gpp.org/Specifications.aspx?q=1&relea

ses=190). portal.3gpp.org. Retrieved 27 October 2016.
19. Portal, 3GPP. "3GPP Portal > Specifications" (https://portal.3gpp.org/Specifications.aspx?q=1&relea
ses=191). portal.3gpp.org. Retrieved 14 July 2020.
20. "Specification Groups" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110509054716/http://3gpp.org/Specification-G
roups). Archived from the original (http://www.3gpp.org/Specification-Groups) on 9 May 2011.
Retrieved 11 April 2011.
21. closure of GERAN (http://www.3gpp.org/news-events/3gpp-news/1762-iot_geran)
22. 3GPP membership (http://www.3gpp.org/membership)
23. 3GPP TR 21.900 Technical Specification Group working methods (http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/ht
ml-info/21900.htm)
24. ITU-T Recommendation I.130 (http://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-I.130-198811-I/)
25. GSM/3G Fast Facts. GSM Suppliers' Association, 10 December 2006
26. Resources: 3G/UMTS Commercial Deployments, Table listing commercially launched 3G/UMTS
networks based on WCDMA technology, UMTS Forum
27. Cingular to Deliver 3G Wireless Broadband Services, Press Release, Cingular Wireless, MediaRoom
30 November 2004

External links
3GPP website (http://www.3gpp.org/)
3GPP Standards List of Acronyms & Terminology (https://sites.google.com/site/lteencyclopedia/lte-ac
ronyms)
3GPP freely published, detailed technical specifications (http://www.3gpp.org/specification-numberin
g)
3GPP releases descriptions (http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Information/WORK_PLAN/Description_Release
s/)
ETSI GSM UMTS 3GPP Numbering Cross Reference (http://webapp.etsi.org/key/queryform.asp)
TS/TR (http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/specs/html-info/status-report.htm)
specification numbering (http://www.3gpp.org/Specification-Numbering)
Tool for visualizing multiple inter-related 3gpp standards (http://webbrain.com/brainpage/brain/A7853
10D-5623-E3D7-C68A-1A53BB98BD05/)
Tool for visualizing, decoding, encoding network protocol messages defined by 3gpp (http://www.3gp
p-message-analyser.com/)
LTE-3GPP.info: online 3GPP messages decoder fully supporting Rel.15 (http://lte-3gpp.info/)

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