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Azapir: Drug Used To Treat Anxiety Drugs For Insomia Examples

This document defines and describes various types of psychoactive drugs and their mechanisms of action. It discusses drugs used to treat anxiety and insomnia such as benzodiazepines, azapirones, and other non-benzodiazepines. It also covers antidepressants, antipsychotics, mood stabilizers for bipolar disorder, anti-Parkinson drugs, anti-epileptics, anesthetics, and anti-inflammatory medications. For each drug class, it provides examples of specific drugs and explains their mechanisms for how they work in the body and brain.

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120 views

Azapir: Drug Used To Treat Anxiety Drugs For Insomia Examples

This document defines and describes various types of psychoactive drugs and their mechanisms of action. It discusses drugs used to treat anxiety and insomnia such as benzodiazepines, azapirones, and other non-benzodiazepines. It also covers antidepressants, antipsychotics, mood stabilizers for bipolar disorder, anti-Parkinson drugs, anti-epileptics, anesthetics, and anti-inflammatory medications. For each drug class, it provides examples of specific drugs and explains their mechanisms for how they work in the body and brain.

Uploaded by

geng geng
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Addiction The state of response to a drug whereby the drug taker feels compelled to use the drug and

suffers anxiety when separated from it.


Anesthesia Loss of consciousness associated with absence of response to pain.
Anxiolytic A drug that reduces anxiety, a sedative.
DependenceThe state of response to a drug whereby removal of the drug evokes unpleasant, possibly
life-threatening symptoms, often the opposite of drug's effects.
Hypnosis Induction of sleep.
REM Phase of sleep associated with rapid eye movements; most dreaming takes place during REM sleep.
SedationReduction of anxiety.
Tolerance Reduction in drug effect requiring an increase in dosage to maintain the same response .
Drug used to treat anxietyBENBENZODIAZEPINESZODIAZEPINES AZAPIR
benzodiazipine Azapirones Drugs for Insomia EXAMPLES
Chlordiazepoxide Buspirone BENZODIAZEPINES Chlordiazepoxide , Diazepam
Diazepam Lorazepam, Midazolam
Lorazepam Temazepam
Midazolam NON-BENZODIAZEPINES Zopiclone, Zolpidem
Temazepam
CLOMETHIAZOLE Clomethiazole
CHLORAL DERIVATIVES Chloral hydrate,
Triclofos sodium
Mechanism of Actions
BENZODIAZEPINES It act by potentiating
the actions of GABA, the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS

AZAPIRONES is a partial agonist at presynaptic 5HT receptors, producing negative feedback to inhibit
5HT release

NON- belong to different chemical classes, but interact in a similar manner with the
BENZODIAZEPINES postsynaptic GABA receptor on neuronal membranes

It probably enhances GABA receptor activity by interaction with a site similar to


CLOMETHIAZOLE that of the barbiturates

CHLORAL It may act in part by modulating GABAergic


DERIVATIVES inhibitory neurotransmission,

Tertiary Amines: Amitriptyline, *Butriptyline,* Clomipramine, *Dosulepin,*


Doxepin,*Imipramine, Lofepramine, *Trimipramine
Secondary Amines: Desipramine, *Tricyclic Antidepressants Nortriptyline, *Protriptyli

Others/Dibenzodiazepine derivitive: Dibenzepin


PSYCHOACTIVE AGENTS
Phenothiazines
Thioxanthene
Butyrophenone
Atypical Psychotics
Lithium
MECHANISM OF ACTION
PHENOTHIAZINES & 1. CHLORPROMAZINE Blockade of D2 receptors >>
THIOXANTHENE 2. FLUPHENAZINE 1. 5HT2A receptors
THIOTHIXENE
3. THIORIDAZINE
BUTYROPHENONE HALOPERIDOL Blockade of D2 receptors >>
5HT2A receptors
ATYPICAL 1. ARIPIRAZOLE Blockade of D2 receptors >>
ANTIPSYCHOTICS 2. CLOZAPINE 5HT2A receptors
3. OLANZAPINE
4. QUETIAPINE
5. RISPERIDONE
6. ZIPRASIDONE
LITHIUM Suppresses inositol signaling and inhibits
glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), a
multifunctional protein kinase

NEWER AGENTS FOR


BIPOLAR 1 CARBAMAZEPINE
DISORDER 2. LAMOTRIGINE
3. VALPROIC ACID

ANTI-PARKINSON DRUGS
AMANTADINE BROMOCRIPTINE PRAMIPEXOLE
ROTIGOTINE
APOMORPHINE CARBIDOPA PROCYCLIDINE SELEGILINE
BENZTROPINE ENTACAPONE RASAGILINE TOLCAPONE
BIPERIDEN LEVODOPA ROPINIROLE
TRIHEXYPHENIDYL

ANTI EPILEPSY/ SEIZURE


A. CYCLIC UREIDES B. TRICYCLICS D. GABA DERIVATIVES
1. HYDANTOINS 1.Carbamazepines 1.Gabapentin
a. Phenytoin 2.Oxcarbazepine 2.Pregabalin
b. Fosphenytoin 3.Vigabatrin

2. C. E. MISCELLANEOUS
DEOXYBARBITURATE BENZODIAZEPINES 1.VALPROATE
S 1.Diazepam a.Divalproex
a. Primidone 2.Clonazepam
3.Lorazepam 2. Lamotrigine
3. BARBITURATES 4.Clobazam 3. Levetiracetam
a. Phenobarbital 4. Tiagabine
5.Topiramate
4. SUCCINIMIDES 6.Zonisamide
a. Ethosuximide 7.Lacosamide

SUMMARY OF ANESTHETICS

PREANESTHETIC GENERAL ANESTHETICS LOCAL ANESTHETICS


MEDICATION A. INHALED
1.ANTICHOLINERGICS 1. DESFLURANE 1. BUPIVACAINE
2. ANTIEMETICS 2. ENFLURANE 2. LIDOCAINE
3.ANTIHISTAMINES 3. HALOTHANE 3. PROCAINE
4. BARBITURATES 4. ISOFLURANE 4. TETRACAINE
5. BENZODIAZEPINES 5. NITROUS OXIDE
6. MUSCLE RELAXANTS 6. SEVOFLURANE
7. OPIOIDS
B. INTRAVENOUS
1. BARBITURATES
2. BENZODIAZEPINES
3. ETOMIDATE
4. KETAMIDE
5. OPIOIDS

ANT-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS
A. NSAIDS B. COX-2 INHIBITORS E. DRUGS FOR GOUT
1. ASPIRIN 1.CELECOXIB 1. Allopurinol
2. DICLOFENAC . OTHER ANALGESICS 2. Colchicine
3. IBUPROFEN 1. ACETAMINOPHEN 3. Demeclocine
4. INDOMETHACIN D. DRUGS FOR ARTHRITIS 4. Probenecid
5. KETOROLAC 1. Abatacept 5. Sulfinpyrazone
6. KETOPROFEN 2. Adalimumab 6. Thiopurinol
7. MELOXICAM 3. Chloroquine
8. METHYL SALICYLATE 4. Etanercept
9. Nabumetone 5. Gold salts
10. Naproxen 6. Infliximab
11. Piroxicam 7. Methotrexate
10. Sulindac 8. D-Penicillamine
11. Tolmetin 9. Rituximab

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