W

TOS 3: UNIT 5: DESIGN OF

R.C.C BEAMS

Objectives:

1. To Understand the Various Elements of a R.C.C.
 R.C.C. BEAMS
Beam

2. To Understand Load Transfer from Slabs to

Beams and From Beams to Beams

3. To Understand and Compute Design of R.C.C.

Beams for Flexure

4. To Understand and Compute Design of R.C.C.

Beams for Shear

5. To Understand Reinforcement Detailing of a

Beam Subject to Torsion
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TOS 3: Unit 5: Design of R.C.C. Beams

Introduction: In Unit 5, we will be studying the Design of Beams
5.1. Elements of a Singly Reinforced R.C.C Beam :

1. Bottom Main Steel or Tension Steel at the Bottom may be in one, two, or more layers. The de is to be
calculated up-to the centre of the Reinforcement as shown in the adjoining diagram
2. Main Steel in the second layer placed vertically above the first row of steel
3. Pins are placed above the first layer at intervals along the length of the Beam to separate the First and
Second Layer.
4. Anchor Bars usually 2no 10mm to act as anchors for Shear Stirrups
5. Shear Stirrups are provided to take care of Limit State of Shear. These are closely spaced at the supports
where Shear Force or Diagonal Shear action is maximum and spaced farther near the centre of the beam
where Shear Force tends towards the minimum.
6. Top Main Steel is provided at the supports to take care of Negative Bending Moment leading to Tension at top

TOS 3 Unit 5 Design of R.C.C. Beams L.S. for Flexure and Shear Compiled by Ar. Arthur Cutinho
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de = do – 25mm cover – Φ of Main Steel – ½ (Φ of pin) de = do – 25mm cover – ½ Φ of Main Steel

5.2. Loads on a Beam and Load Transfer to a Beam: We will study this in the following manner
a. Transfer of Load from Slabs to Beams : Page no 41 of I.S.456

TOS 3 Unit 5 Design of R.C.C. Beams L.S. for Flexure and Shear Compiled by Ar. Arthur Cutinho
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b. Transfer of load to an Intermediate Beam and to an End Beam: Consider the following plan

The following Section XX shows the loading on FB1 AND FB2 (FB stands for floor Beam)
ds = depth of slab
dw = depth of beam
below the slab w=web
h1 = height of wall
t1 = thickness of
internal wall
t2 = thickness of
external wall

As shown below load on

Beam FB1, FB2 and FB3
is to be calculated for
distances q, p and r
respectively

Load on Beam FB3 is to be calculated for distance q. Load on Beam FB2 is to be calculated for distance p
1. Slab Load = q x 1m x ds x density of concrete 1. Slab Load = p x 1m x ds x density
2. Floor Finish Load = q x 1.25kN/m² 2. Floor Finish Load = p x 1.25kN/m²
3. Live Load = q x Live Load 3. Live Load = p x Live Load
4. Brick Wall Load = t2 x h1 x density of brick 4. Brick Wall Load = t1 x h1 x density of brick
5. Beam Self Weight = b x dw x density of concrete 5. Beam Self Weight = b x dw x density of concrete

TOS 3 Unit 5 Design of R.C.C. Beams L.S. for Flexure and Shear Compiled by Ar. Arthur Cutinho
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c. Transfer of load from Beams to Beams. This we will see when we study more complicated structural
configuration in the next semesters.

5.3. Design of a R.C.C Beam for Flexure: Steps

1. Calculate do and de for Deflection Control: This is de assumed: Round off do to a higher multiple of 25
do = Clear Span/10 for s.s.span < 6m , do = Clear span/12 for s.s.span > 6m. and do = Clear Span/7 for Cantilever.
de = do – 25mm cover - ½ (Dia of main bar) for one layer of steel
de = do – 25mm cover – 1 Dia of Main Bar – ½ Dia of Pin for two layers of steel
Whether we require One Layer of Steel or Two Layers of steel, we will understand only by experience. This is
because we are designing and designs are subject to change. Remember this is not arithmetic
2. Calculate Le as least of the following
a. c/c between supports
b. Clear Span + de
3. Calculate Load as explained in 5.2 Load on a Beam as per the following
1. Slab Load Transfer
2. Floor Finish Load Transfer from Slab to Beam
3. Live Load Transfer from Slab to Beam
4. Brick Wall Load if any
5. Self - Weight
6. Any other Point Load
Calculate total load w and Fd = 1.5w
4. Calculate B.M max
B.Mmax = Fd x Le ²/8 for Simple supported with a full udl
B.Mmax = Fd x Le ²/2 for Cantilever with a full udl
B.Mmax = could be any formula depending on the type of span and load
5. Check for depth for Flexure: L.S of Flexure
B.Mmax = 0.134 fck b de² fck = 25N/mm² as we are using M25 grade Concrete, b = 230 or 300 or as given
The de calculated will most times be greater than the de assumed in step 1 so we do the following
do = de + 25mm cover + ½ dia of main bar or do = de + 25mm cover + 1 dia of main bar + ½ dia of pin.
Round off do to a nearest higher multiple of 25mm, and Recalculate de
We shall use the de for further calculations
6. Calculate Ast
.
Ast = fy = 500N/mm² as we are using Fe 500 Steel. Calculate Number of Bars to Be Provided
. .
7. Design for Shear: We provide Shear Stirrups to take care of L.S. of Shear
Explanation
Concrete can resist shear. The maximum Shear Stress Concrete can bear is given on page no 73 of i.S.456
This is called ζcmax
ζcmax = 3.1N/mm²
If the section cannot
bear this stress, we
will have to resize the
Section

TOS 3 Unit 5 Design of R.C.C. Beams L.S. for Flexure and Shear Compiled by Ar. Arthur Cutinho
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a. Calculate Shear Force Max = Vu

Vu = Fd x Le/2 for Simple Supported/2 and Vu = Fd x Le for Cantilever
b. Calculate Actual Shear Stress
Actual Shear Stress = Vu/ b x de should be lesser than ζcmax otherwise will have to resize the section
c. Calculate % of Steel as 100 Ast/b x de and Design Shear Strength
Explanation: Shear is similar to Tension tearing apart the concrete. The Steel in Tension can hold concrete together
and Resist Shear. Greater the % of Steel Greater the Shear Strength of Concrete
b x de Ast
100 ?
By simple cross multiplication we can find % of steel as 100 Ast/b x de
From Design Shear Strength Table on page 73 of I.S.456 let us interpolate to find the Shear Strength for the
provided % of Steel. Let us call this as ζc

d. Calculate Shear taken by concrete as Vuc = b x de x ζc and

1. if Vuc > Vu then
Provide 8Tor 2 legged stirrups at spacing least of the following
a) 300mm
b) 0.75 x de
c) 0.87 x fy x Asv /0.4 x b { Asv = Area of Steel in Shear = 2 x 50.3mm² ( 2 legs of 8mm each)}
2. if Vuc < Vu and Vus = Vu – Vuc
Provide Stirrups at Spacing least of the following
a) 300mm
b) 0.75 x de
c) 0.87 x fy x Asv / O.4 x b
d) 0.87 x fy x Asv x de / Vus
8. Make Schedule and Draw the Reinforcement Details
V Stands For Shear. Vu is Shear Force Ultimate. Vuc = Shear Taken by Concrete and Vus = Shear Taken By Steel

TOS 3 Unit 5 Design of R.C.C. Beams L.S. for Flexure and Shear Compiled by Ar. Arthur Cutinho
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Problem 1. Design the Beam FB2 from the plan 1 shown below. Assume depth of slab S1 as
120mm, standard floor finish of 1.25kN/m². The Beam supports a brick wall 150thick.floor to
floor Height = 3.0m. Consider Live Load as 4kN/m²
Let us first draw a sketch of the Section XX to understand the loading pattern.

TOS 3 Unit 5 Design of R.C.C. Beams L.S. for Flexure and Shear Compiled by Ar. Arthur Cutinho
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1 Calculate do and de for Deflection Control
Clear Span 6530 do = 550 mm
do = = = 544 ≈ 550
12 12
de = do - Cover - Main Steel - Pin Dia Use 20 mm dia Main Bars
1 2 Use 2 Rows of Bars
= 550 - 25 - 20 - 20
= 495
1 2 de = 495 mm
2 Calculate Le as least of the following
1 c/c between supports = 6530 + 230 = 6760 mm 
2 Clear Span + de = 6530 + 495 = 7025 mm
Le = 6.760 m
3 Calculate Loading on the Beam m m kN/m³
Slab Load = 3.09 x 0.12 x 25 = 09.27 kN/m
Floor Finish = 3.09 x 1.25 kN/m² = 03.86 kN/m
Live Load = 3.09 x 4.00 kN/m² = 12.36 kN/m
Self Weight = 0.23 x 0.43 x 25 = 02.47 kN/m
Brick Wall = 0.15 x 2.45 x 19 = 06.98 kN/m
Height of Brick wall = 3.00 - 0.55 = 2.45 m w = 34.95 kN/m
= Floor to Floor Height - Beam Depth
2.94 2.94
Distance for load Cal = + 0.15 + = 3.09 m
2 2
= slab on one side/2 + Support + cantilver slab or (slab on other side/2)
Fd = 1.5 x 34.95 = 52.42 kN/m
4 Calculate B.Mmax
2 2
Fd x Le 52.42 x 6.76
B.M = = = 299.44 kNm
8 8
6
B.Mmax = 299.4 x 10 Nmm
5 Check For Depth i.e. Design Depth for Flexure
2
M.R = 0.134 x fck x b x de
6 2
299.44 x 10 = 0.134 x 25 x 230 x de Round Off Depth to a
de = 623.4 > 495 = de assumed in 1st Step Revise Depth higher multiple of
do = 623.4 + 25 + 20 + 20 = 678.4 25mm
2
de = 700 - 25 - 20 - 20 = 645 do ≈ 700 mm
1 2 de ≈ 645 mm
6 Calculate Area of Steel
6
M.R 299.4 x 10
Ast = =
0.87 x fy x 0.81 x de 0.87 x 500 x 0.81 x 645
= 1317.58 mm²
Provide 2 no 16 Tor + 3 no 20 Tor
= 2 x 201 + 3 x 314 = 1344 Ast = 1344 mm²

TOS 3 Unit 5 Design of R.C.C. Beams L.S. for Flexure and Shear Compiled by Ar. Arthur Cutinho
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Note:
1. The assumed depth for deflection control failed in flexure and we had to revise it to a much higher value
2. In case of beams, the bars are of higher diameters so it is tough task cranking these bars. So some bars are
discontinued at Le/7 from the supports. At the top are two anchor bars of 10mm. In addition at the
supports reinforcement that was curtailed at Le/7 is provided at the top up-to Le/7 + Ld. (Ld is the
development length required to develop full bond with concrete)

TOS 3 Unit 5 Design of R.C.C. Beams L.S. for Flexure and Shear Compiled by Ar. Arthur Cutinho
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Problem 2. Design the Beam FB1 from the plan 1. All assumptions are as per the previous problem
1 Calculate do and de for Deflection Control
Clear Span 6530 do = 550 mm
do = = = 544 ≈ 550
12 12
de = do - Cover - Main Steel - Pin Dia Use 20 mm dia Main Bars
1 2 Use 2 Rows of Bars
= 550 - 25 - 20 - 20
= 495
1 2 de = 495 mm
2 Calculate Le as least of the following
1 c/c between supports = 6530 + 230 = 6760 mm 
2 Clear Span + de = 6530 + 495 = 7025 mm
Le = 6.760 m
3 Calculate Loading on the Beam m m kN/m³
Slab Load = 1.70 x 0.12 x 25 = 05.10 kN/m
Floor Finish = 1.70 x 1.25 kN/m² = 02.13 kN/m
Live Load = 1.70 x 4.00 kN/m² = 06.80 kN/m
Self Weight = 0.23 x 0.43 x 25 = 02.47 kN/m
Brick Wall = 0.23 x 2.45 x 19 = 10.71 kN/m
Height of Brick wall = 3.00 - 0.55 = 2.45 m w = 27.20 kN/m
= Floor to Floor Height - Beam Depth
2.94 0
Distance for load Cal = + 0.23 + = 1.70 m
2 1
= slab on one side/2 + Support + cantilver slab or (slab on other side/2)
Fd = 1.5 x 27.20 = 40.81 kN/m

TOS 3 Unit 5 Design of R.C.C. Beams L.S. for Flexure and Shear Compiled by Ar. Arthur Cutinho
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4 Calculate B.Mmax
2 2
Fd x Le 40.81 x 6.76
B.M = = = 233.09 kNm
8 8
6
B.Mmax = 233.1 x 10 Nmm
5 Check For Depth i.e. Design Depth for Flexure
2
M.R = 0.134 x fck x b x de
6 2
233.09 x 10 = 0.134 x 25 x 230 x de Round Off Depth to a
de = 550.0 > 495 = de assumed in 1st Step Revise Depth higher multiple of
do = 550.0 + 25 + 20 + 20 = 605.0 25mm
2
de = 625 - 25 - 20 - 20 = 570 do ≈ 625 mm
1 2 de ≈ 570 mm
6 Calculate Area of Steel
6
M.R 233.1 x 10
Ast = =
0.87 x fy x 0.81 x de 0.87 x 500 x 0.81 x 570
= 1160.59 mm²
Provide 0 no 16 Tor + 4 no 20 Tor
= 0 x 201 + 4 x 314 = 1256 Ast = 1256 mm²
7 Design for Shear
7.a Calculating Vu = Shear Force Ultimate
Fd x Le 40.8 x 6.76
Vu = = = 137.92 kN
2 2
3
Vu = 137.9 x 10 N
7.b Calculating Actual Shear Stress to Compare it with τcmax
τ Vu 137.9 x 1000
= = = 1.05 < 3.1 N/mm²(τcmax)
actual b x de 230 x 570 Safe For Size
7.c Calculate % of Steel and Design Shear Strength τc
100 x Ast = 100 x 1256 = Interpolate for 0.96 %
0.96 %
b x d 230 x 570 0.57 + 0.64 - 0.57 x 0.21
% ζc N/mm² 0.25
0.75 0.57
1 0.64 Design Shear Strength τc = 0.629 N/mm²
7.d Calculate Vuc and Find if Vuc < Vu or Vuc > Vu
Vuc = τc x b x de = 0.629 x 230 x 570 = 82435.68 N
Vuc < Vu = 82.44 kN
if Vuc < Vu
Calculate Vus = Vu - Vuc = 137.92 - 82.44 = 55.49 kN

TOS 3 Unit 5 Design of R.C.C. Beams L.S. for Flexure and Shear Compiled by Ar. Arthur Cutinho
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Please draw the Reinforcement Details Yourself

Note: The end beam bears lesser load and hence the depth is much lesser.
The Main Steel may be placed in one layer leading to a greater de and hence a greater M.R, So safe.
Now that we have understood that Load affects the depth of the beam, let us understand a bigger deciding factor
in the depth of the beam i.e. Span
Problem 3. Design the Beam FB1 from the Hostel Building as shown in the sketch below. Assume
depth of slab S1 and S5 as 150mm, standard floor finish and Live Load = 3kN/m². The Beam
supports a brick wall 230thick. Floor to floor Height is 3.5m. Clear span of Beam = 7080mm with
350 wide supports on each side.

Notice that Columns are numbered C1, C2, C3 etc. while similar beams are given same names. FB1 spans across C1
and C2 with clear span 7080mm & due to Column C4 placed in between C3 and C5, FB3 has clear span of 3425mm

TOS 3 Unit 5 Design of R.C.C. Beams L.S. for Flexure and Shear Compiled by Ar. Arthur Cutinho
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1 Calculate do and de for Deflection Control
Clear Span 7080 do = 600 mm
do = = = 590 ≈ 600
12 12
de = do - Cover - Main Steel - Pin Dia Use 20 mm dia Main Bars
1 2 Use 2 Rows of Bars
= 600 - 25 - 20 - 20
= 545
1 2 de = 545 mm
2 Calculate Le as least of the following
1 c/c between supports = 7080 + 350 = 7430 mm 
2 Clear Span + de = 7080 + 545 = 7625 mm
Le = 7.430 m
3 Calculate Loading on the Beam m m kN/m³
Slab Load = 3.46 x 0.15 x 25 = 12.96 kN/m
Floor Finish = 3.46 x 1.25 kN/m² = 04.32 kN/m
Live Load = 3.46 x 3.00 kN/m² = 10.37 kN/m
Self Weight = 0.23 x 0.45 x 25 = 02.59 kN/m
Brick Wall = 0.23 x 2.90 x 19 = 12.67 kN/m
Height of Brick wall = 3.50 - 0.6 = 2.90 m w = 42.90 kN/m
= Floor to Floor Height - Beam Depth
3.45 1.5
Distance for load Cal = + 0.23 + = 3.46 m
2 1
= slab on one side/2 + Support + cantilver slab or (slab on other side/2)
Fd = 1.5 x 42.90 = 64.35 kN/m
4 Calculate B.Mmax
2 2
Fd x Le 64.35 x 7.43
B.M = = = 444.06 kNm
8 8
6
B.Mmax = 444.1 x 10 Nmm
5 Check For Depth i.e. Design Depth for Flexure
2
M.R = 0.134 x fck x b x de
6 2
444.06 x 10 = 0.134 x 25 x 230 x de Round Off Depth to a
de = 759.2 > 545 = de assumed in 1st Step Revise Depth higher multiple of
do = 759.2 + 25 + 20 + 20 = 814.2 25mm
2
de = 825 - 25 - 20 - 20 = 770 do ≈ 825 mm
1 2 de ≈ 770 mm
6 Calculate Area of Steel
6
M.R 444.1 x 10
Ast = =
0.87 x fy x 0.81 x de 0.87 x 500 x 0.81 x 770
= 1636.73 mm²
Provide 2 no 16 Tor + 4 no 20 Tor
= 2 x 201 + 4 x 314 = 1658 Ast = 1658 mm²

TOS 3 Unit 5 Design of R.C.C. Beams L.S. for Flexure and Shear Compiled by Ar. Arthur Cutinho
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 IS.456 page no 47 States that where the depth of the web in a beam exceeds 750 mm, side face reinforcement
shall be provided along the two faces. The total area of such reinforcement shall be not less than 0.1 percent
of the web area and shall be distributed equally on two faces at a spacing not exceeding 300 mm or web
thickness whichever is less
 How do we reduce the depth?
 One way is to increase the width. In this case if we make it 300mm then the following situation arises
6
441.4 x 10 = 0.134 x 25 x 300 x de²
Hence de = 662.72. do = 662.72 + 25 + 20 + ½ (20) ≈ 725mm < 800mm
 The other way is to reduce span. Add Column C4 in between C3 and C5 to reduce span to 3425mm

TOS 3 Unit 5 Design of R.C.C. Beams L.S. for Flexure and Shear Compiled by Ar. Arthur Cutinho
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Let us solve the next problem and understand the situation so created
Problem 4. Design the Beam FB3 from the Hostel Building with the same assumptions. Clear span of
Beam = 3425mm with 350 wide supports on each side.
Let us assume only one row of main bars as the Beam Span is Small and hence depth required is also small.
1 Calculate do and de for Deflection Control
Clear Span 3425 do = 350 mm
do = = = 343 ≈ 350
10 10
de = do - Cover - Main Steel - Pin Dia Use 20 mm dia Main Bars
2 1 Use 1 Rows of Bars
= 350 - 25 - 20 - 0
= 315
2 1 de = 315 mm
2 Calculate Le as least of the following
1 c/c between supports = 3425 + 350 = 3775 mm
2 Clear Span + de = 3425 + 315 = 3740 mm 
Le = 3.740 m
3 Calculate Loading on the Beam m m kN/m³
Slab Load = 3.46 x 0.15 x 25 = 12.96 kN/m
Floor Finish = 3.46 x 1.25 kN/m² = 04.32 kN/m
Live Load = 3.46 x 3.00 kN/m² = 10.37 kN/m
Self Weight = 0.23 x 0.2 x 25 = 01.15 kN/m
Brick Wall = 0.23 x 3.15 x 19 = 13.77 kN/m
Height of Brick wall = 3.50 - 0.35 = 3.15 m w = 42.56 kN/m
= Floor to Floor Height - Beam Depth
3.45 1.5
Distance for load Cal = + 0.23 + = 3.46 m
2 1
= slab on one side/2 + Support + cantilver slab or (slab on other side/2)
Fd = 1.5 x 42.56 = 63.83 kN/m
4 Calculate B.Mmax
2 2
Fd x Le 63.83 x 3.74
B.M = = = 111.61 kNm
8 8
6
B.Mmax = 111.6 x 10 Nmm
5 Check For Depth i.e. Design Depth for Flexure
2
M.R = 0.134 x fck x b x de
6 2
111.61 x 10 = 0.134 x 25 x 230 x de Round Off Depth to a
de = 380.6 > 315 = de assumed in 1st Step Revise Depth higher multiple of
do = 380.6 + 25 + 20 + 0 = 425.6 25mm
1
de = 450 - 25 - 20 - 0 = 415 do ≈ 450 mm
2 1 de ≈ 415 mm

TOS 3 Unit 5 Design of R.C.C. Beams L.S. for Flexure and Shear Compiled by Ar. Arthur Cutinho
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1. Reduction of Depth of Beams: If we want to restrict the depth of the Beam , we will have to restrict
the span by providing intermediary columns:

TOS 3 Unit 5 Design of R.C.C. Beams L.S. for Flexure and Shear Compiled by Ar. Arthur Cutinho
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2. Spanning of Slabs to avoid large depths of slabs: It is important to note how the framing plan is
worked out. In the Sketch below of the Dormitory Room 3, The Room has been divided into 2 small slabs
supported on Beams FB7 and FB8. The slabs S4 are supported on these Beams. In the Balcony Portion S4
is supported across Cantilever Beams FB6.
3. Cantilever to One Way: The Balcony Slab is no longer a Cantilever but the Supporting Beams are
Cantilevers

Problem 5. Design the End Beam FB6 from the Hostel Building. Assume Slab S6 of depth 120mm,
Live Load = 4kN/m², Floor Finish of 2kN/m². End Beam F6 supports a Parapet wall 1.2m high and
230thk. (Hint: FB6 is a Cantilever Beam)
1 Calculate do and de for Deflection Control
Clear Span 2800 do = 400 mm
do = = = 400 ≈ 400
7 7
de = do - Cover - Main Steel - Pin Dia Use 20 mm dia Main Bars
2 1 Use 1 Rows of Bars
= 400 - 25 - 20 - 0
= 365
2 1 de = 365 mm

TOS 3 Unit 5 Design of R.C.C. Beams L.S. for Flexure and Shear Compiled by Ar. Arthur Cutinho
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2 Calculate Le as least of the following

1 c/c between supports = 2800 + 115 = 2915 mm 
Le = 2.915 m
3 Calculate Loading on the Beam m m kN/m³
Slab Load = 1.97 x 0.12 x 25 = 05.92 kN/m
Floor Finish = 1.97 x 2.00 kN/m² = 03.95 kN/m
Live Load = 1.97 x 4.00 kN/m² = 07.89 kN/m
Self Weight = 0.23 x 0.28 x 25 = 01.61 kN/m
Brick Wall = 0.23 x 1.20 x 19 = 05.24 kN/m
Height of Brick wall = 1.20 - 0 = 1.20 m w = 24.61 kN/m
= Floor to Floor Height - Beam Depth
3.49 0
Distance for load Cal = + 0.23 + = 1.97 m
2 1
= slab on one side/2 + Support + cantilver slab or (slab on other side/2)
Fd = 1.5 x 24.61 = 36.91 kN/m
4 Calculate B.Mmax
2 2
Fd x Le 36.91 x 2.92
B.M = = = 156.82 kNm
2 2
6
B.Mmax = 156.8 x 10 Nmm
5 Check For Depth i.e. Design Depth for Flexure
2
M.R = 0.134 x fck x b x de
6 2
156.82 x 10 = 0.134 x 25 x 230 x de Round Off Depth to a
de = 451.1 > 365 = de assumed in 1st Step Revise Depth higher multiple of
do = 451.1 + 25 + 20 + 0 = 496.1 25mm
1
de = 500 - 25 - 20 - 0 = 465 do ≈ 500 mm
2 1 de ≈ 465 mm
6 Calculate Area of Steel
6
M.R 156.8 x 10
Ast = =
0.87 x fy x 0.81 x de 0.87 x 500 x 0.81 x 465
= 957.11 mm²
Provide 2 no 16 Tor + 2 no 20 Tor
= 2 x 201 + 2 x 314 = 1030 Ast = 1030 mm²

TOS 3 Unit 5 Design of R.C.C. Beams L.S. for Flexure and Shear Compiled by Ar. Arthur Cutinho
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TOS 3 Unit 5 Design of R.C.C. Beams L.S. for Flexure and Shear Compiled by Ar. Arthur Cutinho
 122

Suggested Theory Questions: TOS 3: Unit 5: Limit State Design in R.C.C

Theory Questions:
1. Explain the I.S.Provisions for Design of Shear Reinforcement for Beams
2. Explain the I.S.Provisions for beams deeper than 750 mm
3. Explain what can be done to reduce the depths of Beams.
4. Explain with Sketches transfer of load from a One-Way and Two Way Slab to a Beam as
per I.S.456.
5. Explain Why Shear Stirrups are Closely Spaced at the Supports.
6. Explain the Primary Difference between the Reinforcement Provided for a Simple
Supported Beam and a Cantilever Beam.

TOS 3 Unit 5 Design of R.C.C. Beams L.S. for Flexure and Shear Compiled by Ar. Arthur Cutinho