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Lora / Lorawan Tutorial 2

LoRa is a wireless technology that allows low power devices to communicate with gateways over long distances, while LoRaWAN is the communication protocol that defines how end nodes and gateways communicate in a star topology network. Key points are: - LoRa enables low data rate transmission between end nodes and gateways - LoRaWAN provides bidirectional communication and supports different device classes - Gateways receive uplink transmissions from end nodes and facilitate downlink responses - The LoRaWAN network architecture involves end nodes, gateways, network servers and application servers.

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78 views

Lora / Lorawan Tutorial 2

LoRa is a wireless technology that allows low power devices to communicate with gateways over long distances, while LoRaWAN is the communication protocol that defines how end nodes and gateways communicate in a star topology network. Key points are: - LoRa enables low data rate transmission between end nodes and gateways - LoRaWAN provides bidirectional communication and supports different device classes - Gateways receive uplink transmissions from end nodes and facilitate downlink responses - The LoRaWAN network architecture involves end nodes, gateways, network servers and application servers.

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gamdoun
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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mobilefish.

com

LORA / LORAWAN TUTORIAL 2

What is LoRa & LoRaWAN

v1.0.0
mobilefish.com
INTRO
• In this tutorial I will explain what the difference is between LoRa and LoRaWAN.

• Several
products will be shown in this video. They are not payed endorsements. I have
bought all these products myself.

• There are many LoRa gateway and Lora development board manufacturers. 

If you plan to buy such products do your own research.
mobilefish.com
LORA
• LoRa is an acronym for Long Range and it is a wireless technology where a low
powered sender transmit small data packages (0.3 kbps to 5.5 kbps) to a receiver over
a long distance.

•A gateway can handle hundreds of devices at the same time.

The Things Gateway


(gateway / concentrator)

The Things Uno


(end node)
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LORA END NODE
•A LoRa end node consists of 2 parts:

•A radio module with antenna.

•A microprocessor to process for example the sensor data.


printed antenna
• End nodes are often battery powered.
radio module
•A LoRa device (end node) has a wireless transceiver. 
 microprocessor
If this device also has sensors, this device acts as a 

remote sensor. 

Such a device is called a mote, short for remote.
mobilefish.com
LORA GATEWAY
•A LoRa gateway consists of 2 parts:

•A radio module with antenna.

•A microprocessor to process the data.

• Gateways are mains powered and connected to the Internet.

• Multiple gateways can receive data from the same end node.

• The gateways can listen to multiple frequencies simultaneously,



in every spreading factor at each frequency.
mobilefish.com
LORAWAN NETWORK
• LoRaWAN network
architecture is deployed in a
star topology.

• The communication between


the end node and gateway is
bidirectional which means the
end node can send data to
the gateway but it can also
receive data from the
gateway.

Source: https://lora-alliance.org/sites/default/files/2018-04/what-is-lorawan.pdf
mobilefish.com
UPLINK AND DOWNLINK
• When an end node transmits data to the gateway it is called an uplink.

• When the gateway transmits data to the end node it is called a downlink.

uplink gateway

end node
downlink
mobilefish.com
LORAWAN HOW IT WORKS
• An end node broadcast its data to every gateway in its vicinity.

• The gateways forward this packet to the network server.

• The network server collects the messages from all gateways and filters out the
duplicate data and determines the gateway that has the best reception.

• Thenetwork server forwards the packet to the correct application server where the
end user can process the sensor data.

the application server can send a response back to the end node. 

• Optionally
When a response is send, the network server receives the response and determines
which gateway to use to broadcast the response back to the end node.
mobilefish.com
LORAWAN HOW IT WORKS
mobilefish.com
DIRECT COMMUNICATION BETWEEN LORA DEVICES
• The LoRaWAN protocol does not support direct communication between end
nodes.

• Ifyou want direct communication between LoRa devices without the use of gateways,
use the RadioHead Packet Radio library for embedded microprocessors. It provides a
complete object-oriented library for sending and receiving packet sized messages via a
variety of radios such as LoRa on a range of embedded microprocessors:

https://www.airspayce.com/mikem/arduino/RadioHead/

• RadioHead does not have an official GitHub repo but several people have cloned the
Radiohead library on GitHub.
mobilefish.com
LORA PROTOCOL STACK
Application Layer
Media Access Control (MAC) Layer LoRaWAN
Class A Class B Class C

Physical (PHY) Layer LoRa


The radio and modulation part

Radio Frequency (RF) Layer


Regional ISM band
CN
.. EU
863-870
US
902-928
AU
915-928
CA
779-787
779-787 ..
470-510
mobilefish.com
LORA ALLIANCE
• The LoRaWAN protocols are defined by the LoRa Alliance.

• Itis a non-profit organisation of more than 500 member companies, committed to


enabling large scale deployment of LPWAN IoT through the development and
promotion of the LoRaWAN open standard.

• More information about the LoRa Alliance:



https://lora-alliance.org/

https://youtu.be/2Y0bMX3TVi0


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