The 10th International Renewable Energy Congress (IREC 2019)

A New Single-Input Dual-Output DC-DC Converter Modelled Using

Small-Signal AC Approach for Micro-Grid Applications
Rami TROUDI1,2, Sandrine MOREAU,
Monia BOUZID, Khaled JELASSI
Gerard CHAMPENOIS 2
1
Universite´ de Poitiers Universite´ de Tunis El
LIAS-ENSI Poitiers Manar LSE-ENI Tunis
86073 Poitiers cedex 9, France 1002 Tunis, Tunisie
[email protected] [email protected]

Abstract—In this paper, a new structure of a non-

literature [4], [5], [6], where a SIDO or a SIMO DC-
isolated Single-Input Dual-Output (SIDO) DC-DC con-
verter suitable to medium voltage applications is proposed.
DC converter can be introduced. The most tolerant idea
This structure is based on a Buck-Boost converter stage to obtain a SIDO or a SIMO converter is to combine
associated with Two Output Stages (BBTOS) composed, in two or more traditional converters [7], [8], [9]. The
addition, by a power switch and a power diode. The new goal of using integrated topologies is to guarantee the
structure of the SIDO Buck-Boost converter is providing advantages of each converter in the final architecture.
two outputs and presents several appealing advantages, The suggested converter in [10] was to achieve high
in particular a reduced number of power devices and the voltage gain and it is a combination of three traditional
ability to step-up and step-down the output voltage. In this converters (two Buck-Boost and one flyback). Another
work the principle of the operating mode and the control
integrated structure was exposed in [11], where a double
strategy of the proposed structure are described (Multi-
Input Multi-Output (MIMO) controller). A thorough ac boost was merged with a DC-DC Sepic in order to have
small signal study of the SIDO Buck-Boost converter is lower current ripple and an improved conversion ratio
also introduced. In addition, the simulation results under in term of voltage. In this work, the proposed SIDO DC-
MATLAB/SIMULINK environment with different load DC converter is conceived from a classical Buck- Boost
conditions and voltage input are presented. The benefits (single-input single-output), which is associated with
and limits of the suggested SIDO Buck-Boost converter another stage composed by two components (a
are also discussed. MOSFET and a diode) in the aim to obtain a SIDO DC-
Index Terms—non-isolated Single-Input Dual-Output
DC converter. In order to analyze the designed SIDO-
DC-DC converter (SIDO), Buck-Boost with Two Output
Stages (BBTOS) converter, ac small signal, MIMO con-
BBTOS, the small signal model is elaborated using the
troller. state-space averaging method, performing as in [12],
[13]. The structure of this paper is arranged in five
I. I NTRODUCTION sections as follows: in section II, a description of the
new proposed topology (SIDO-BBTOS) and its

M ULTI-Output DC-DC converters have attracted in-

creasing interest due to the high demand for energy in
many fields and for different applications, such as
operating modes is presented. Section III provides an
elaborate study and analysis of the control strategy
method using small ac signal modelling. The simulation
supplying different loads at the same time and the results in steady state and under different load conditions
integration of renewable energy sources (photovoltaic and input voltage are introduced in section IV. The
panels, wind turbine, etc) in micro-grids. One of the limits and the merits of the converter are also exposed in
most important components of a micro-grid is a power section IV. Section V consists of conclusions based on
inverter. A Single-Input Multi-Output (SIMO) DC-DC the results presented in this research, followed by the
converter is an attractive candidate for pairing with a future scope of this work.
multi-source inverter [1], [2], [3]. Different multi-source
multilevel inverter topologies were mentioned in the

978-1-7281-0140-8/19/$31.00 2019 IEEE

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 -inMode B [(d1T ≤ t ≤todC
L1 is transferred 2 T )]: S2 is ON, the energy stored
o1.

- Mode C [(d2T ≤ t ≤ T )]: S1 and S2 are OFF, D11

is ON, the energy stored in L1 is transferred to Co1 and
Co2. The two mentioned capacitors are charged at the
same time (Fig. 2(b) and 2(c)).
Modes B and C share the energy of the two outputs, with
Fig. 1: The proposed DC-DC converter SIDO-BBTOS
a longer charging time for Co1 (Fig. 2(b)), which leads
to a higher current ich1 compared to the current ich2. Note
II. D ESCRIPTION AND FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS IN that voltage across the two capacitors oscillates at a
STEADY STATE frequency of 329 Hz (resonant frequency).
A. General Characterization C. Steady State Study
Fig. 1 presents the power circuit of the proposed Assuming that the steady state is reached (Fig. 2) and
SIDO-BBTOS. The proposed structure is conceived of all average expressions are evaluated in one switching
two power diodes: D11 and D12, two power switches:
(S 1) and (S2), with integrated anti-parallel diodes, an
inductor (L ) and two capacitors. The input voltage period T . The mean value of the input current, ((Ie)),
is Ue, while,1 Co1 and Co2 are the filter capacitors for provided by the input voltage source is expressed by:
IL1 + IL1min
max

the first and the second output voltages (v1 and v2), (Ie) = d1. (1)
respectively. 2 (at t =
The expression of the instantaneous current IL1d2
B. Operating Principle d2T) is given by (2).
Fig. 2(a), 2(b) and 2(c) show the typical current 2 − 2.d2
. (2)
and output voltages waveforms in steady-state status. IL1d2 = I L1 min
+ ∆I L1 2 − d2 − d1
Where the ripple in the current of L1 is:
Assuming that d1 and d2 are, respectively, the duty
∆IL1 = IL1 − IL1min (3)
The mean current in D12max
(Fig. 2(a)), ((I1)) during B
Mode is given by (4):
(I ) = (d (4)
IL1d2 + IL1max
− d ).
1 2 1
2
During C mode, the mean current in D11 ((I2)), can be
expressed as:
IL1d2 + IL1min (5)
(I ) = (1 − d ).
2 2
2
III. M ODELLING AND CONTROL STRATEGY

Fig. 2: Typical current and voltage waveforms of the SIDO-BBTOS A. Small Ac Signal Modelling
1) State-Space Averaging Model: The following
cycles of S1 and S2. According to Fig. 2, the operating study is based on the following hypotheses:
behaviour of the converter is divided into three modes:
-keeps
Modeincreasing
A [(0 ≤ t ≤linearly
d1T )]: Sin
1 is ON, the current (IL1)
L1: it is the storage • All power switches and diodes are supposed to be
step. ideal;
However, Co1 and Co2 are discharging. • Co1 and Co2 are big enough to assume that the
capacitors voltages are constant;
• The converter works only under continuous
conduc- tion mode;
• The switching frequency f is 20 kHz.
Regarding the proposed architecture of the SIDO-
BBTOS in Fig. 1, state variables are the current through
L1 (iL1 ), the first output voltage (v1 ) and the second
output voltage (v2), which are the voltages across Co1 • State three: (d2T ≤ t ≤ T ) (Mode C)
and Co2 respectively. The state vector x(t) is given by: In this state, S1 and S2 are OFF, consequently, D11 is
x (t) = [iL (t), v1(t), v2(t)]T (6) ON. The state equations are given by:
.
1
voltage Wher
Two current sources as independent disturbance sources e:
are added to create two input variables. The input
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x˙ (t) = [A3 ]x (t) + [B3 ] u (t)
(14)
y (t) = [C3]T x(t)
 1 1 
Ue(t), ich1(t) and ich2(t) represent the input vector u(t)
defined by: 0 − −
 L1 L1 
u (t) = [Ue(t), ich1(t), ich2(t)]T (7)  1 1
[A3] = 
C − R1.Co1 0 
 (15)
o1 1 1 
There are three operating states according to the duty
ratio of the two switches S1 and S2 in one switching C 0 − R .C
period T :
0 o2
0 0 
2 o2
• State one: (0 ≤ t ≤ d1T ) (Mode A)
[B ]=  0 − C1o1 0 
, [C ]T = [I ] (16)
During this state, only S1 is ON. The state space
3
  3 3
1 
representation describing the dynamics of x(t) in this
0 0 −
interval can be expressed as: Co2
. The state space averaging model can be given by the
following general equations (with [B ] = [B ]:
x˙ (t) = [A1 ]xT (t) + [B1 ] u (t) (8)
.
Where: y (t) = [C1] x(t)
2 3 (17)
  x˙ (t) = [Aav
]x (t) + ]u (t)

[Bav
0 0 0 y (t) = [C]T x (t)
 1
 0 − R1.C
 0 
[A1] = o1
1  (9) and
0 0 − [C1]T = [C2]T = [C3]T = [C]T = [I3] (18)
R2.Co2
1  With:
0 0 .
 L1  [Aav] = d1[A1] + (d2 − d1)[A2] + (1 − d2)[A3]
 
1 0  , [C1]T [Bav] = d1[B1] + (1 − d1)[B2]
[B1] = 
 0 − Co1  = [I3](10) (19)
 1 
2) Small Ac Signals Model: In order to design the
0 0 − Co2 control system for the proposed SIDO-BBTOS, first
• State two: (d1T ≤ t ≤ d2T ) (Mode B) major step is to obtain the small-signal model. The
During this state, only S2 is ON. The differential equa- dynamic variables of the presented converter (Fig. 1)
tions characterizing the dynamics of x(t) in this interval over one switching time period (T ) are:
can be formulated as follows: 
.
x˙ (t) = [A ]x (t) + [B ] u  (x) = X + xˆ
(t) 
(11) dˆ (D ) = d + 1 (20)
2 2
Where: y (t) = [C2]T x(t) 1 1
  ˆ
1  (D2 ) = d2 + d 2
 (u) = U + uˆ
0 − 00

 xˆ, dˆ1 , dˆ2 and uˆ are small perturbations of the
following


 L1

 1 1

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[A2] =
− steady state values: X, d1, d2 and U, respectively.
  (12)


Co1

R1.Co1 Doing the First-order Taylor expansion for a function

1 

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 0 0 − R .C

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 of four variables ((x), (D1), (D2)and(u)), the linear

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[B ] =

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 0

,
[
CT
]
=
[I
]
(1
3)
.

0 −

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 2  Co1

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  1 
xˆ(t) = Aav xˆ(t) + Ad1 d1 (t) + Ad2 d2 (t) + Bav uˆ(t)

0 0 − Co2
(21)

With: and 3 A, respectively. Note, that other control strategies,

. ] = ([A ] − [A ])X + ([B ] − [B ])U ]
[A d1 1 2 such as model predictive (MP) control, can be applied
1 2 (22) to control the converter. However, the aim of this paper
[Ad2] = ([A2] − [A3])X is to highlight the structure of the SIDO-BBTOS and
The equation presented in (21), will be used to design to validate its operating principle with a simple control
the closed-loop control approach. strategy.
B. The Control Strategy: Closed-Loop Design

Let us define the following controlled variables: vˆ1

and vˆ2. dˆ1 and dˆ2 will be the manipulated parameters.
The disturbance vector will be composed of three
elements
(vdˆis).
vdˆis = [uˆe , icˆh1 , icˆh2 ]T (23)
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Assuming that y(t)= x (t), and by applying Laplace
Fig. 3: Global scheme of the closed loop
transform to the equation (21), the expressions of the
two output voltages are as follows:
.
= H11 dˆ1 + H12 dˆ2 + P11 uˆ C. Losses and Efficiency Modelling
vˆ1 + P13 icˆh2
+
e
P12 icˆh1
vˆ2 = H21 dˆ1 + H22 dˆ2 + P21 uˆe + P22 icˆh1 + P23 icˆh2 Losses are considered only for the conduction losses
(24) in MOSFETs, diodes and copper loss in the inductor.
As a result, the transfer function matrix of the converter 1) Losses in the switches: For MOSFETs S1 and S2,
is H(s), with the power losses PM OS depends on the RonM OS resistor
Σ Σ and the effective current of the inductor IL during the
H11 H12
(25) modes A and B. Thus the expression of the losses in S1
H21 H22
[H(s)] = and S2 is:
And the transfer matrix function that acts as distur- 2
PMOS = Ron · IL1ef f ,(o−d2 T ) (27)
bances to the system is P(s), with MOS

Σ For the diodes D11 and D12, the power losses PD are
[P (s)] = (26)
Σ modelled as a sum of two products: the Ron resistor
P11 P12 P13
P21 P22 P23 D
with the effective current IL1 and the drop voltage Vo (0.7
The main purpose of the control system is formulated V) with the mean current IL1 during the modes B and C.
in keeping constant output voltages using the two duty Thus the expression of the losses in D11 and D12 is:
ratios of S1 and S2, whilst the tolerant immunity to load
and input disturbances (vdis) is preserved. Moreover, the 2
controller should take into account that v1 and v2 depend PD = R onD · IL1ef f ,(d1 T −T ) + Vo · IL1mean ,(d1 T −T ) (28)
on the two duty cycles d1 and d2 at the same time. 2) Losses in the inductor: The power losses PL1 in
Thus, we propose in the MIMO controller, two PID L1 can be evaluated as follows:
controllers to regulate the output voltages. The aim is 2
to minimize the impact of the disturbances (ue, ich1 and PL1 = RL · IL1ef f (29)
ich2) on v1 and (ue, ich1 and ich2)) on v2. The use of 3) Efficiency: The efficiency η is calculated by the
H∞ norm was to measure the impact of the disturbances separate losses method.
mentioned above and the control process will minimize The useful power Pu is the addition of the two output
the H∞ peak to pass from disturbing variables to error powers, as follows:
signals. These objectives can be designed in one single
cost function as in Fig. 3. The feedback of the controller Pu = (V1 · Ich1 + V2 · Ich2) (30)
uses measurements of the two output voltages v1 and The absorbed power Pa is the input power, as follows:
v2. The tuning of the PIDs parameters was done using
Pa = Ue · Iemean = Pu + PMOS + PD + PL (31)
the MIMO Control System of MATLAB environment for
The expression of the efficiency is as follows: 1
specified bandwidth (43.75 Hz) ensuring a good stability
for the system, with Co1 and Co2 equal to 2000 µF, L1 Pu
is 0.117 mH and ich1 and ich2 are equal to 5 A η= (32)
Pa

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 IV. S IMULATION RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
A. Transient State Evaluation
The stability and the performance of the proposed
control system are tested under different scenarios:
1) Step change of currents: Fig. 4 shows the steady
state waveforms of v1 and v2 for two step changes in ich1
and ich2 (dynamic tests) at different times (Figures 4(a)
and 4(b)). ich1 varies from 6 A to 8 A at t=0.3s and ich2
passes from 5 A to 7 A at t=0.6s. The overshoot in v1 is
a little bit greater than the one in v2, which is equal to
0.4 %. The controlling process works in a satisfactory
way with a high immunity to load disturbances.

Fig. 5: Steady-State waveforms under a step-up/down changes in

the two input reference voltages (V1ref and V2ref )

TABLE I: PARAMETERS OF THE SIDO-BBTOS WITH TAKING

ACCOUNT PARASITIC ELEMENTS
Ueinit 80 V internal resistance of 70 mΩ
of the MOSFET
(RonMOS )
Load resistors 100 kΩ Switching Frequency 20 kHz
(R1andR2)
Capacitors 203 µF internal resistance 16 mΩ
(Co1)and(Co2) of the power diode
(RonD ) with
(Vo = 0.7V )
Inductor (L1) 1 mH inductor resistance 200 mΩ
(RL)
Fig. 4: Simulation waveforms of the SIDO-BBTOS output voltages
under output currents changes
the average of Ie. The resolution of the above system
2) Step change of the two input voltages: leads us to plot the two Figures ( 6 and 7).
Looking at the glimpses of v1 and v2 in the Fig. 5
(c and d), it is concluded that a step change in
V1ref (Fig. 5 (a)) provides the same response, in
term of overshoot values (small amount: 2%), on
both output voltages. However, a step change in
V2ref (Fig. 5 (b)) creates, relatively, an important
overshoot (21%). This difference can be explained
by the fact that v2 presents a better load disturbances
rejection (Fig. 4 (d)). As a result, v1 is less sensitive
than v2 in terms of setpoint reference changes.

B. Merits and Limits of the Proposed SIDO-BBTOS

Converter
In the following analysis, all expressions are calcu- Fig. 6: Duty cycle evolution for a range of input voltage values under
lated using the specifications in Table I. The two output three current conditions ratios between I1 and I2 of the proposed
voltages are fixed to 100 V. SIDO-BBTOS
The equations from (1) to (3) can be ranged into a
system of five variables IL1max , IL1d2 , IL1min , d2 and
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This work was financially supported by the PHC
Utique program (17G 1131), EranetMed (the French Na-
tional Research Agency:ANR) and the Tunisian
Ministry of High Education and Scientific Research.