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Lesson3 - Basic Concepts of Computer PDF

Computers are programmable machines that perform arithmetic and logical operations on input provided by the user to produce an output. A computer consists of hardware components like a monitor, keyboard and mouse that make up the physical machine, as well as software programs. Computers are categorized based on their size and performance, ranging from microcomputers to personal computers, laptops, mini computers, mainframes, and supercomputers, which are the largest and most powerful.

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82 views

Lesson3 - Basic Concepts of Computer PDF

Computers are programmable machines that perform arithmetic and logical operations on input provided by the user to produce an output. A computer consists of hardware components like a monitor, keyboard and mouse that make up the physical machine, as well as software programs. Computers are categorized based on their size and performance, ranging from microcomputers to personal computers, laptops, mini computers, mainframes, and supercomputers, which are the largest and most powerful.

Uploaded by

Aloha Lei Domingo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture 3:

Basic Concepts
of Computer

CHRISMELYN T. GUDOY
Teacher I
WHAT IS A
COMPUTER???
COMPUTER
– is a programmable machine designed to
perform arithmetic and logical operations
automatically and sequentially on the input
given by the user and gives the desired
output after processing.
Computer components are
divided into two major
categories namely hardware
and software.
Hardware
– is the machine itself and its
connected devices such as:
• Monitor
• Keyboard
• Mouse
• etc…
Software
– is the set of programs that make
use of hardware for performing
various functions.
WHAT ARE THE TYPES
COMPUTER???
Types of Computer
Computers are categorized on the basis
of size, sort and performance.
Generally, the larger the system, the
greater is its processing speed, storage
capacity, cost and ability to handle
large number of devices.
Types of Computer
Microcomputer
Personal Computer
Lap Top Computer
Mini Computer
Main Frame Computer
Super Computer
MICROCOMPUTER
– Systems on the lower end of the
size of the size scale.
– They may be tiny special purpose
devices dedicated to carrying out
a single task such as one inside a
camera.
PERSONAL COMPUTER
– The most popular form of computer in use
today, generally known as the PC.
– The PC can be used for various applications.
– It can be defined as single user oriented and
general purpose microcomputer.
– It can perform a diverse range of functions,
from keeping track of household accounts to
keeping records of the stores of a large
manufacturing company.
LAP TOP COMPUTER
• Palmtop and Laptop have become
very popular with their power and
portability.
MINI COMPUTER
– are small, general-purpose computers.
– They can vary in size from a small desktop
model to the size of a small filling cabinet.
– A typical mini system is more expensive
than a PC and surpasses of PC in storage
capacity and speed.
– While most PC’s are oriented towards
single users, mini systems are designed to
handle the needs of multiple users, i.e.,
more than one person can work on mini at
the same time.
MAINFRAME COMPUTER
– A mainframe is another form of a computer
system that is generally more powerful than a
typical mini.
– Mainframes themselves may vary widely in cost
and capability.
– They are used in large organizations for large
scale jobs.
– However, there is an overlap between the
expensive minis and small mainframe models in
terms of cost and capability.
SUPER COMPUTER
– at the end of the size and capabilities scale, are
the super computer.
– These systems are the largest, fastest and most
expensive computers in the world.
– These computers are own by large
organizations.
– They are used for complex scientific
applications.
– Special purpose and general purpose computer.
Characteristics of
Computer
A. Speed Computers
– work at an incredible speed.
– A powerful computer is capable
of performing about 3-4 million
simple instructions per second.
B. Accuracy
– in addition to being fast,
computers are also accurate.
– Errors that may occur can almost
always be attributed to human
error (inaccurate data, poorly
designed system or faulty
instructions/programs written by
the programmer)
C. Diligence
– Unlike human beings, computers
are highly consistent.
– They do not suffer from human
traits of boredom and tiredness
resulting in lack of concentration.
– Computers, therefore, are better
than human beings in performing
voluminous and repetitive jobs.
D. Versatility Computers
– are versatile machines and are
capable of performing any task as
long as it can be broken down
into a series of logical steps.
– The presence of computers can
be seen in almost every sphere –
Railway/Air reservation, Banks,
Hotels, Weather forecasting and
many more.
E. Storage Capacity
– Today’s computers can store large
volumes of data.
– A piece of information once
recorded (or stored) in the
computer, can never be forgotten
and can be retrieved almost
instantaneously.
COMPUTER
ORGANIZATION
COMPUTER SYSTEM
– Consists of mainly four basic units:
➢Input Unit
➢Storage Unit
➢Central Processing Unit
➢Output Unit
– Central Processing Unit further
includes arithmetic logic unit and
control unit.
COMPUTER
SYSTEM???
Quiz

1. What is entering data and instruction into a


computer called?
a. Output c. Input
b. Processing d. None of these
Quiz

2. All the physical devices of a computer are called


___________.
a. Software c. Data
b. Hardware d. Information
Quiz

3. What are the devices which help you enter data


into the computer called?
a. Input Devices c. Output Devices
b. Processing Devices d. None of these
Quiz

4. The devices which give the result of the computer


processing are called the _____________.
a. Processing Devices c. Input Devices
b. Output Devices d. None of these
Quiz

5. Which type of computer is used in large


organizations for large scale jobs?
a. Microcomputer c. Mainframe Computer
b. Mini Computer d. Personal Computer
Quiz

6. A type of computer that may have a tiny special


purpose device dedicated to carrying out a single
task such as one inside a camera.
a. Microcomputer c. Mainframe Computer
b. Mini Computer d. Personal Computer
Quiz 3

7. The most popular form of computer that is use


today.
a. Microcomputer c. Mainframe Computer
b. Mini Computer d. Personal Computer
Quiz

8. These systems are the largest, fastest and most


expensive computer in the world.
a. Lap Top Computer c. Personal Computer
b. Microcomputer d. Super Computer
Quiz

9. Are small, general-purpose computer


a. Microcomputer c. Mainframe Computer
b. Mini Computer d. Personal Computer
Quiz

10. Which type of computer is very popular with their


power and portability?
a. Lap Top Computer c. Personal Computer
b. Microcomputer d. Super Computer
Classification
1. Disk Drive 6. Monitor
a. Input
2. Printer 7. Webcam b. Output
3. Flash Drive 8. Mouse c. Storage
4. Headset 9. Projector
5. Speaker 10.Keyboard
Enumeration:

• 1 – 5. What are the characteristics of


computers?
• 6 – 10. What are the types of
computer?

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