Assessment Of, For, As Learning
Assessment Of, For, As Learning
There are three distinct but inter-related purposes for classroom assessment:
assessment for learning, assessment as learning, and assessment of learning.
Assessment as Learning
Assessment as learning focuses on students and emphasizes assessment as a process of
metacognition. Assessment as learning comes from the constructivist idea that learning is an
active process that occurs when students interact with new ideas. It is based on research about
how learning occurs and is characterized by students reflecting on their own learning and making
adaptations, adjustments, and changes to their thinking. [5]. Examples of 21st Century
assessment as learning tools include self-assessments, peer assessments, student-teacher
conferences, teacher observations with feedback and interim product analysis. [6]
Assessment of Learning
Assessment of learning refers to strategies intended to corroborate what students know,
show whether or not they have met curriculum outcomes or the goals of their individualized
programs, or to confirm ability and make decisions about student's future programs or
placements. It is intended to show evidence of achievement to other educators, parents, students
themselves, and sometimes outside groups (e.g., educational institutions). [5]. Examples of 21st
Century Assessment of Learning tools are eportfolios, with "best piece" samples to show
progress, open-ended response questions, descriptions of observations in Science experiments,
historical role-playing arguments about the impact of decisions on current life, the writing process
applied to poetry, long-term projects and problem-based reports. [7]
Current or traditional assessment practices are teacher focused, done with tests, quizzes
and worksheets, completed outside of the learning and teaching activities and are done at the
end of the learning activity for grading purposes. [8] Most of these tools would be considered as
Assessment "of" learning. 21st Century assessment tools will emphasize assessment "as" and
assessment "for" learning tools.