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1 Double Integrals in Cartesian Coordinates

1. Double integrals in Cartesian coordinates are used to evaluate functions over regions bounded by curves. The integral is evaluated by integrating first with respect to one variable from the bounds of the other variable, then integrating the result with respect to the other variable. 2. Examples show evaluating double integrals by setting up the integral bounds based on the region, then integrating either in order of dx dy or dy dx. 3. Exercises provide practice evaluating double integrals over various regions bounded by curves, sometimes requiring reversing the order of integration.

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jurilyn alvador
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1K views

1 Double Integrals in Cartesian Coordinates

1. Double integrals in Cartesian coordinates are used to evaluate functions over regions bounded by curves. The integral is evaluated by integrating first with respect to one variable from the bounds of the other variable, then integrating the result with respect to the other variable. 2. Examples show evaluating double integrals by setting up the integral bounds based on the region, then integrating either in order of dx dy or dy dx. 3. Exercises provide practice evaluating double integrals over various regions bounded by curves, sometimes requiring reversing the order of integration.

Uploaded by

jurilyn alvador
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1 DOUBLE INTEGRALS IN CARTESIAN COORDIATES

NOTATIONS.

b d b d
1.∫ ∫ f ( x , y ) dx dy=∫
a c
[∫
a c
]
f ( x , y ) dx dy

b d b d
2.∫ ∫ f ( x , y ) dy dx= ∫[∫ ]
f ( x , y ) dy dx
a c a c

EXAMPLES.

2 1 2 1
1. ∫ ∫ ( x+ 2 y ) dx dy=∫
−1 0
2

−1
[∫
0
]
( x+ 2 y 2 ) dx dy

2 1
1 2
¿∫
−1
[ 2
x +2 x y 2 dy
0
]
2
1
¿∫
−1
[ 2
+ 2 y 2 dy]
2
1 2 15
¿ [ 2
y + y3
3 ]−1
=
2

1 2 1 2
2.∫ ∫ ( x +2 y ) dy dx=∫
0 −1
2

0
[∫
−1
]
( x+ 2 y 2 ) dy dx

1 2
2
¿∫
0
[ xy + y 3
3 ]−1
dx

1
¿ ∫ [ 3 x +6 ] dx
0

1
3 2 15
¿ [ 2
x +6 x =
0 2 ]
EXERCISES. Evaluate the given double integral.
DEFINITION. Let ( x) and g( x ) be continuous on the closed interval [a, b] and such that
f (x)≥ g (x) for all x in [a, b]. Let R be the region bounded by the curves y=f (x ) and y=g (x)
and the lines x=a and x=b, and let h(x , y) be continuous on R. The double integral of h(x , y)
over R is given by

❑ b f ( x)

∬ h(x , y) dA=∫ ∫ f ( x , y ) dy dx .
R a g (x)

Region R is shown below. It is subdivided in rectangular elements such that the element at (x, y)
has a horizontal side of dx and a vertical side of dy. That element has an area of dA = dy dx = dx
dy.

EXAMPLE.
❑

1. Evaluate ∬ cos( x+ y ) dA if R is the region bounded by the lines y=x , x=π, y=0.
R

Solution. The ranges that define region R are 0 ≤ y ≤ x, 0 ≤ x ≤ π. Hence,


❑ π x

∬ cos( x+ y )dA=∫∫ cos( x + y )dy dx


R 0 0
π
x
¿ ∫ [ sin(x + y )] 0 dx
0

π
¿ ∫ ( sin2 x−sin x)dx
0

π
−1
¿
2[cos 2 x +cos x =−2 .
0
]
Region R could also be described as the set of points ( x , y ) such that such that y ≤ x ≤ π, 0 ≤ y ≤ π.
Hence,
❑ π π

∬ cos( x+ y )dA=∫∫ cos(x + y ) dx dy .


R 0 y

y2
❑

2. Evaluate ∬ dA if R is the region bounded by y=x , y=2, xy=1.


R x2

Solution. Verify that the points of intersection of the boundaries are (1, 1), (2, 2) and (1/2, 2).
Now, region R is the set of points ( x , y ) such that 1/ y ≤ x ≤ y, 1 ≤ y ≤ 2. Hence,

❑ 2 2 y

∬ yx 2 dA=∫ ∫ x−2 y 2 dx dy= 94 .


R 1 1/ y

3. Draw the region of integration and reverse the order of integration to evaluate
4 2

∫∫ sin( π y 3)dy dx .
0 √x
Solution. Region R is the set of points ( x , y ) such that √ x ≤ y ≤ 2, 0 ≤ x ≤ 4. Hence, R is bounded
by y= √ x , y=2, x=0. It is sketched below. It is also the set of points ( x , y ) such that 0 ≤ x ≤ y 2,
0 ≤ y ≤ 2. Hence,
2
4 2 2 y

∫∫ sin( π y )dy dx=∫∫ sin(π y 3) dy dx=0 .


3

0 √x 0 0

4. Draw the region of integration and reverse the order of integration to evaluate
1 1
2

∫∫ e x dx dy .
0 y

Solution. Region R is the set of points ( x , y ) such that y ≤ x ≤1, 0 ≤ y ≤ 1. Hence, R is bounded by
y=x, x=1, y=0. It is sketched below. It is also the set of points ( x , y ) such that 0 ≤ y ≤ x,
0 ≤ x ≤ 1. Hence,
1 x 1 1
2 2
x
∫∫ e dx dy=∫ ∫ e x dy dx=e−1.
0 ❑ 0 0

EXERCISES. Evaluate the double integral.


❑

1. ∬ sin x dA ; R is the region bounded by the lines y=2 x, y=x /2, x=π.
R

❑
2
2. ∬ x √ 9− y 2 dA ; R is the region bounded by the circle x 2+ y 2=9.
R

❑
3
3. ∬ (4 xy− y )dA ; R is the region bounded by y= √ x and y=x 3.
R

❑
x /y
4. ∬ e dA ; R is the region bounded by y=x, y=2 and y=x 3.
R

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