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Mobile Communications Lecture 4

This document contains technical information about mobile communications: 1) It provides an example calculation for determining the power, electric field, and voltage at a receiver located 10 km from a 50 W transmitter operating at 900 MHz. 2) It describes the three basic propagation mechanisms in mobile communications: reflection, diffraction, and scattering. Reflection occurs off large objects, diffraction around obstacles, and scattering off small objects. 3) It presents the two-ray ground reflection model for calculating the total electric field at a receiver from the direct line-of-sight wave and ground-reflected wave, accounting for transmitter and receiver heights.

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Qusai Hammash
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37 views

Mobile Communications Lecture 4

This document contains technical information about mobile communications: 1) It provides an example calculation for determining the power, electric field, and voltage at a receiver located 10 km from a 50 W transmitter operating at 900 MHz. 2) It describes the three basic propagation mechanisms in mobile communications: reflection, diffraction, and scattering. Reflection occurs off large objects, diffraction around obstacles, and scattering off small objects. 3) It presents the two-ray ground reflection model for calculating the total electric field at a receiver from the direct line-of-sight wave and ground-reflected wave, accounting for transmitter and receiver heights.

Uploaded by

Qusai Hammash
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Mobile Communications Lecture 4

Rant

+
Vant Vrec Rrec
–

Example 3.3:
Assume a receiver is located 10 km from a 50 W transmitter.
The carrier frequency is 900 MHz, free space propagation is
assumed, Gt = 1, and Gr = 2, find (a) the power at the receiver,
(b) the magnitude of the E-field at the receiver antenna (c) the
rms voltage applied to the receiver input assuming that the
receiver antenna has a purely real impedance of 50 Ω and is
matched to the receiver.
• Transmitter power = Pt = 50 W
• Carrier frequency = fc = 900 MHz
• Transmitter antenna gain = Gt = 1
• Receiver antenna gain Gr = 2
• Receiver antenna resistance = Rant = 50 Ω

1
Answer:
c 3  108 1
(a)  = = = m
f 900 10 36

2
1
50  1  2   
t tG r 
2
Pr (d ) =
PG
=  3  = 7  10−10 W .
(4 ) 2 d 2 L (4 ) 2100002  1
2
E
(b) Pr (d ) = Pd Aer = Aer

Pr (d )
E =
Aer

Gr  2 Gr  2
Aer = =
4 4

Pr (d ) 7  10−10120
E = = = 0.0039 V/m
Gr2 1
2

2 
4  3
4
2
V ant
(c) Pr (d ) =
4R ant

V ant = Pr (d )  4R ant = 7 10−10  4  50 = 0.374 V

2
4.4 The Three Basic Propagation Mechanisms

Reflection:
It occurs when a propagating electromagnetic wave impinges
upon an object which has very large dimensions when
compared to the wavelength of the propagating wave.
Reflections occur from the surface of the earth and from
buildings and walls.

Diffraction:
It occurs when the radio path between the transmitter and
receiver is obstructed by a surface that has sharp irregularities
(edges).

Transmitter d Receiver
TX RX

Scattering:
It occurs when a propagating electromagnetic wave impinges
upon an object which has small dimensions when compared to
the wavelength of the propagating wave.
In other words, when the surface is rough (not smooth).
3
4.6 Ground Reflection (Two-Ray) Model

Ground

ELOS is the electric field of the direct path wave (line of sight
wave).
Ei is the electric field of the incident wave.
Er = Eg is the electric field of the reflected wave.
i =  r
The total electric field at the receiver ETOT is given as
ETOT = E LOS + E r
4 E 0d 0 ht hr
ETOT  ……….(1)
d 2
where
E 0 is the electric field in the free space at a reference distance
d 0 from the transmitter.
ht is the transmit antenna height.

4
hr is the receive antenna height.

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