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Chapter 4 and 5: Introduction To Organic Chemistry and Alkanes/Alkenes

This document provides an overview of chapters 4 and 5 which cover introduction to organic chemistry, alkanes, and alkenes. Key topics discussed include definitions of organic chemistry, important hydrocarbon series, IUPAC nomenclature rules for naming organic compounds, types of isomerism, reaction mechanisms and classifications, properties of alkanes and alkenes, and common reactions like addition and substitution that alkenes undergo. Safety considerations for organic chemistry experiments are also briefly addressed.

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85 views

Chapter 4 and 5: Introduction To Organic Chemistry and Alkanes/Alkenes

This document provides an overview of chapters 4 and 5 which cover introduction to organic chemistry, alkanes, and alkenes. Key topics discussed include definitions of organic chemistry, important hydrocarbon series, IUPAC nomenclature rules for naming organic compounds, types of isomerism, reaction mechanisms and classifications, properties of alkanes and alkenes, and common reactions like addition and substitution that alkenes undergo. Safety considerations for organic chemistry experiments are also briefly addressed.

Uploaded by

RXNOFCHM
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 4 and 5: Introduction to Organic

Chemistry and Alkanes/Alkenes


 1.6. Introduction to Organic  Fractional distillation from crude
Chemistry oil [a physical process]
 Definitions  Cracking [a chemical
 Uses of different formula in process]
organic chemistry  Catalytic reforming
 Some of the important  Combustion of alkane
homologous series of organic  Problems with burning
compounds hydrocarbon fuel
 Hydrocarbons  Carbon di oxide
 Systematic Nomenclature  Carbon monoxide
 IUPAC System for alkanes  Nitrogen oxides
 Naming alkenes  Unburnt hydrocarbon
 Naming Halogenoalkanes  Catalytic converters
 Naming alcohols  Developing alternate fuels
 Isomerism  Carbon neutral
 Structural isomerism  Comparing fuels
 Stereoisomerism  Substitution reaction of alkanes
1  E-Z isomerism Chapter 4: Introduction toOrganic
Initiation
Chemistry and Alkanes
 1.7. Types of Reaction  Propagation
 Reaction Mechanisms  Termination
 Breaking covalent bonds  Further substitution of
 Homolytic fission chloromethane
 Heterolytic fission  1.9. Alkenes
 Types of chemical species  The nature of the C=C bond
 Type of organic reactions in alkenes
 Classifying reactions  Addition reactions of alkenes
 Addition  Reaction with hydrogen
 Substitution  Reaction with halogen
 Elimination  Reaction with steam
 Oxidation  Reaction with Hydrogen
 Reduction halides
 Hydrolysis  The mechanisms of addition
 Polymerization reaction
 Safety in organic chemistry –  The test for a double bond (C=C)
hazard and risk  Common additional polymers
 Hazard warning symbols  Polymerization reactions
 1.8. Hydrocarbons  Problems with polymers and
 Alkanes from crude oil solutions

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