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Spread Spectrum Modulation

This document discusses spread spectrum modulation techniques. It describes direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) which uses a PN sequence to spread the signal over a wide bandwidth. DSSS provides resistance to interference and jamming. Frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) works by rapidly switching the carrier frequency, avoiding interference. Spread spectrum has applications in military communications, wireless networks, GPS and more due to its security and interference avoidance properties. Synchronization is important for both DSSS and FHSS receivers to properly recover the signal.

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61 views28 pages

Spread Spectrum Modulation

This document discusses spread spectrum modulation techniques. It describes direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) which uses a PN sequence to spread the signal over a wide bandwidth. DSSS provides resistance to interference and jamming. Frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) works by rapidly switching the carrier frequency, avoiding interference. Spread spectrum has applications in military communications, wireless networks, GPS and more due to its security and interference avoidance properties. Synchronization is important for both DSSS and FHSS receivers to properly recover the signal.

Uploaded by

renuka
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Spread Spectrum

Modulation
Unit 5

1
Digital Communication System

2
DS Spread spectrum system

3
What is SS?
• Double modulated signal, so has to barely
interfere with any other operating signal of
same freq.
• Wide bandwidth and low peak power
• Hard to detect, even harder to intercept
or demodulate without the proper
equipment

4
Uses of Spread spectrum:
Applications
• Military operations
– Different modulation and encoding
techniques
• Cordless Phones
• GPS global positioning systems
• Digital Cellular
• Personal Communications
• Wireless LANs-WLANs
• Wireless Personal Area Network-WPANs
• Wireless MANs-WMANs
• Wireless WANs-WMANs
5
Direct Sequence Spread
Spectrum
Generation:
Bit rate fc is greater than fb.
g(t) “chops the bits of data into chips”
rate of g(t) is chip rate
Spread is increased by fc/fb.
Recovery:

6
7
Block diagram of DSSS

8
Spreading Spectrum

9
PN Sequence and Chopping

10
Single tone interference

11
12
13
14
Uses of SS
• Charateristics
– They are difficult to intercept for an
unauthorised person
– They are easily hidden.
– They are resistance to jamming
– They provide measure of immunity to
disortion due to multipath propagation
– They have Multiple access capability.

15
Ranging using DS spectrum

16
Frequency Hoping SS
• FH is FM/FSK technique
• DSSS is AM/BPSK technique
• Adv of FH is to avid in-band interfering signal
• Pe is more
– Hence need for coding
• Near far problem
– No near far problem
• Spectrum of FHSS
• Generation & Recovery
– Problem major is SYNCHRONISATION

17
FHSS

18
Spectrum of FHSS

19
20
Generation & Characteristics of
PN code
• Sequence length
• Properties of shifted sequence
• Auto correlation of PN sequence
• PSD

21
PN sequence generation

22
23
Autocorrelation

24
Synchronization of SS

• Synchronization in DSSS
– Acquisition or coarse tracking in DSSS
– Fine tracking in DSSS
• Synchronization in FHSS
– Acquisition or coarse tracking in FHSS
– Fine tracking in FHSS

25
TDMA

Need very good synchronization, and some time overheads.


No frequency guard bands, but need time slot guards , and
some framing overheads.
26
FDMA

Accurate Guard bands are required


27
The End

28

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