Scribd
Upload
72 views

Topic 1 Lecture 1A

This document provides an introduction to the course STA60204 Introduction to Biostatistics. It outlines the course materials, including the main textbook. Topic 1 discusses the difference between descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics summarize and describe data, while inferential statistics make generalizations about populations based on analyzing sample data. The purpose and processes of descriptive and inferential statistics are also summarized.

Uploaded by

NG ZI JIAN
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
72 views

Topic 1 Lecture 1A

This document provides an introduction to the course STA60204 Introduction to Biostatistics. It outlines the course materials, including the main textbook. Topic 1 discusses the difference between descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics summarize and describe data, while inferential statistics make generalizations about populations based on analyzing sample data. The purpose and processes of descriptive and inferential statistics are also summarized.

Uploaded by

NG ZI JIAN
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 13

STA60204

Introduction to Biostatistics

Nallammai Singaram
[email protected]
03-56295626
Course Materials

• Main Text Book


oWayne W. Daniel, (2010) Biostatistics: Basic
Concepts and Methodology for the Health
Sciences, 9th Edition International Student
Version
• All course materials can be downloaded
from TIMeS
Topic 1

• Lecture 1 Introductory Lesson

Learning Outcome:
• Know the two major types of statistics.
• Distinguish between descriptive and
inferential statistics
Definition - Statistics
o A study on how to collect, organize, analyse
and interpret numerical information from data.

o analysis and interpretation of data with a view


towards an objective evaluation
• of the reliability and
• conclusion(s)

o Biostatistics - “bio-” pertaining to living matters


or their products including structure, function,
inter-relationship and etc
Biostatistics

When data analyzed are


derived from biological
sciences and medicines
Examples:

• Data on blood groups, effect


of smoking on lung cancer,
survival rates of cancer,
effects of placebo on
headache, blood pressure,
heart rate, heights and
weights related to genetics,
etc.
Why need to learn biostatistics?
o Essential for scientific method of
investigation
• Formulate hypothesis
• Design a study to:
• Objectively test the hypothesis
• Collect reliable and unbiased data
• Process and evaluate data rigorously
• Interpret and draw appropriate conclusions

o Essential for understanding, appraisal and


critique of scientific literature
6
Types of Statistics
o Descriptive Statistics
• Collection, organisation, summarisation and
presentation of data
• Easy to understand and suitable for use

false crawl - Sometimes


turtles crawl back to the
water without digging a
nest and without laying
eggs.

JMP Blog
Types of Statistics
o Inferential Statistics
• Drawing conclusions from the data upon
analysis
• Make generalizations about a population by
analyzing the sample
Frenzy and postfrenzy swimming activity in loggerhead, green, and leatherback
hatchling sea turtles
Descriptive vs Inferential
o Descriptive o Inferential

Provide summary Produce statistical


indices for a given data, inferences about a
e.g. arithmetic mean, population based on
median, standard information from a
deviation, coefficient of sample derived from
variation, etc. the population.
However, need to take
variation into account.

9
Purpose of Descriptive & Inferential

o Descriptive Statistics o Inferential Statistics


• identify patterns • distinguish true

• leads to generating differences from


hypothesis random variation
• allows hypothesis
testing

Chp 1
STATISTICAL PROCESS

Collection of Data

Presentation of Data

Data Analysis

Interpretation
Experimental Design
Sources Evaluate Formulate
of Data data/Observation Hypothesis
Routinely kept records State hypothesis
e.g. Hospital records Variability Type of variable
Surveys Summary statistics Role of variable
e.g. health survey Quantitative plot One-sided or two sided test
Experiments Outliers detection Decision rule/Significance level
e.g. test on patients Normality
External Sources Probability
e.g. published report Make Select and
Conclusion statistical calculate test
decision statistics
Reject or accept H0 P-value
Conclude and publish
Interpretation of the Significance level
your research paper
results
For a difference to be a difference, it
must make a difference.
Gertrude Stein (1874–1946)
Chp 1

You might also like