Art of Emerging Europe

WEEK 11
(Week ending November 6, 2020)
“ Dear God,

You are the source of all that is good.

As we gather today, we ask You to
help us understand, and keep us Your
good, attentive, and active learners.
Through Your gift of wisdom, we seek
the goodness of life You prepared for
us in the future.
Amen.
Learning Objectives
▪ Major periods in Western art history
▪ Compare and contrast artworks of different time periods and
movements
▪ Importance of art to the development of Western culture
Recap of Previous Discussion/s
▪ Art in Early Civilizations
○ Stone Age/Prehistoric Art
➢ Paleolithic
➢ Mesolithic
➢ Neolithic
○ Egyptian Art
➢ Old Kingdom
➢ Middle Kingdom
➢ New Kingdom
Outline of Presentation
▪ Ancient Greece ▪ Realism
▪ Ancient Rome ▪ Impressionism
▪ Middle Ages ▪ Post-impressionism
▪ Renaissance ▪ Neo-impressionism
▪ Mannerism ▪ Art Nouveau
▪ Baroque and Rococo ▪ Fauvism
▪ Neoclassicism ▪ Cubism
▪ Romanticism ▪ Futurism
Neoclassicism
▪ Late 18th to early 19th centuries
▪ Revived/rekindled influences of Greek and Roman art and
architecture
○ Emphasis on human reasoning and keeping society in order (also the dominant
principles of the Enlightenment Period)
▪ Veered away from extravagance in styles and form (Baroque)
Pauline Bonaparte as Venus Victrix (or Venus Victorious)
Antonio Canova (1805–1808)
Romanticism
▪ Age of Revolution (includes French Revolution)
○ Highlighted heroic elements in artworks, focusing on patriotic and nationalistic
movements
▪ Theme: goodness of mankind; promotion of justice, equality,
and social order
▪ Emphasis on the human emotions and feelings (vs. humanist
principle of rationalism)
Théodore Géricault, The Raft of Medusa (1818-1819)
Oil on canvas. Musee du Louvre, Paris.
Realism
▪ Influenced by Hellenistic Greek culture: emphasis on the
human body
▪ But focused on accuracy of details, depicting and mirroring
reality, giving little room for imagination
▪ Modern art movement: veered way from traditional art forms
○ Context of revolution and social change: depicting real life events and
manifestations of the society
A Burial at Ornans by Gustave Courbet (1849-1850). Treating an ordinary provincial funeral with unflattering realism, and
on the giant scale traditionally reserved for the heroic or religious scenes of history painting.
Impressionism
▪ Started in France, mid- to late 1800s
▪ Incorporated scientific principles to achieve a more distinct
representation of color
▪ Emphasized immediate impressions on a particular event or
scene
○ Seen through brushstrokes, color distinction, and lights and shadows
Berthe Morisot, "The Harbor at Lorienr (1869). Impressionist artists started moving art outdoors (open-
air painting) which aimed to include the shifting light they wanted to capture in their works.
Post-impressionism
▪ Both an influence and rejection of impressionism: seeing the
limitations and flaws of impressionism
▪ Individual styles giving emphasis to defining forms with the use
of broken colors and short brush strokes
▪ Paul Cezanne, Georges Seurat, Paul Gauguin, Vincent van Gogh
○ Works served as framework for contemporary techniques and trends in the 20th
century
Vincent van Gogh, Self Portrait (1889). Van Vincent van Gogh, Starry Night over the Rhone River (1888)
Gogh has painted himself against a whirling
background that might represent his thoughts.
Neo-impressionism
▪ A response to empirical realism of impressionism
▪ Relied on a systematic and scientific techniques that have
predetermined visual effects not only on the artwork itself, but
also how the audience perceive the art
▪ Georges Seurat: recorded optical sensation on a more scientific
manner
○ Pointilism technique: utilizes discrete dots and dashes of pure color, blending
with viewers’ perspective
La tour Eiffel (The Eiffel Tower)
Georges Seurat (1889)
Hay Harvest at Éragny
Camilel Pissaro (1901)
On Pointillism:
Just to flex! ☺
Art Nouveau
▪ 1890-1910, US and Europe’s new art style
▪ A break from conservative historicism (dominant theme of
Western art)
▪ Use of long and organized lines that are manifested in
architecture, jewelry, and glass design
○ Asymmetric lines in the form of insect wings or flower stalks
Alphonse Mucha Alphonse Mucha
poster for poster for an
Gismonda starring evening of
Sarah Bernhardt. theater honoring
Gismonda is Greek Sarah Bernhardt
melodrama in four (1896)
acts by Victorien
Sardou that
premiered in 1894
Paris metro station
Abbesses, by Hector
Guimard (1900)
Lamp by Louis Comfort
Tiffany (1900–1910)
Fauvism
▪ Turn of the 20th century
▪ Revolutionary use of pure and vibrant colors by applying
straight from the paint tubes, directly to the canvas
▪ Explosion of colors, rejecting conservative/rendering of three-
dimensional space
Henri Matisse, Woman
with a Hat (1905)
Cubism
▪ 1907-1914, pioneered by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque
▪ New visual art style which later had a huge influence to 20th
century artists
▪ Highlighted two-dimensional surface of the picture plane,
rejecting perspective, foreshortening, and modeling
▪ Rejects that art should imitate nature: a new depiction of reality,
not copying texture, form, color, and space
Pablo Picasso,
1910, Girl with a
Mandolin (Fanny
Tellier)
Futurism
▪ Early 20th century, Italy
▪ Highlighted speed, energy, dynamism, and power of machines
▪ Themes: restlessness and fast-paced modern life
▪ Greatest impact evident in visual arts and poetry
▪ Term coined by Italian poet and editor Filippon Tommaso
Marinetti who believed that art should embrace change,
innovation, creativity, and originality
Cover and excerpt from
Zang Tumb Tuuum
(1914), a sound poem and
concrete poem written
by Filippo Tommaso
Marinetti

The piece is an account of

the Battle of Adrianople,
which Marinetti witnessed
as a reporter for
L'Intransigeant. The poem
uses Parole in libertà
(words in freedom;
creative typography) and
other poetic impressions
of the events of the battle,
including the sounds of
gunfire and explosions.
Next Week: Mid-term Exams
▪ Schedule and Duration
○ Opening: Nov 11 (Wed), 8:00am
○ Closing: Nov 13 (Fri), 11:59pm

▪ 3 attempts only (last attempt gets considered)

▪ Coverage: Elements of Art, Art in Early Civilizations, and Art in Emerging Europe
▪ Open-note exam. You may prepare/make available reference materials, such as the
slideshows/PPT. ☺
▪ Type of Exam: Objective and Essay Types
○ Multiple Choice, 10 questions, 10 points total
○ True of False, 10 questions, 10 points total
○ Fill in the Blanks, 10 questions, 10 points total
○ Essay, 5-6 questions, 70 points total

▪ No plagiarism, especially in essays!

Art of Emerging Europe
WEEK 11
(Week ending November 6, 2020)