MODULE 4

Unit 1: Basic Classifications of Addictive Substance

Specific Learning Outcomes:

At the end of the lesson, you shall be able to:

1. Categorize the signs and symptoms of drug addiction.

2. Discuss the consequences of drug addiction in different aspects of human life.

 Taking drugs is not bad at all if it is a medicine prescribed by a doctor. It Is

because medicines are legal drugs. But if you will take more than you need, it is
another story. It becomes an addiction along with illegal drugs. Drug addiction
has been a perennial problem in many countries, even in the Philippines. It has
increased immensely despite the efforts undertaken by the national government.
 Drug addiction is considered an intricate disease- and no good intentions or
strong will could prevent somebody from stopping.
 Listen to the song below and think/write the message about drug addiction from
each song.

Brainstorming
 Dangerous drugs’ are those that have high tendency for abuse and dependency,
these substances may be organic or synthetic, and pose harm to those who use them.
 Drug abuse is the continuous misuse of any substance, licit, illicit which results to
changes in an individual’s physical, mental or behavioral condition. Drug abuse exists
when a person continually uses a drug other than its intended purpose. This continued
use can lead to drug dependence, a state of physical and psychological dependence or
both on a dangerous drug.
 Drug dependency This is the state of physical and psychological dependence, or both,
on a dangerous drug, or drugs, experienced by a person following the use of that
substance on a periodic or continuous basis. A person dependent on drugs will
experience withdrawal reactions (also known as “cold turkey”, symptoms that occur
after long-term use of a drug is reduced or stopped abruptly) after abstaining from
drugs.
 Drug addiction is a complex, and often chronic, brain disease. It is characterized by
excessive drug craving, seeking, and use. Addiction is caused by brain changes caused
by constant drug use.
Drug Addiction
 It is a condition characterized by an overwhelming desire to continue taking a drug to
which one has become habituated through repeated consumption. Drug addiction
symptoms can manifest psychologically and physically. The following are from the
American Addiction Centers.
Behavioral Symptoms
 Drug abuse tend to significantly alter a person’s behavior and habits. Some drugs can
impair the brain’s ability to focus and think clearly.

1. Increased aggression or irritability.

2. Changes in attitude/personality
3. Lethargy
4. Depression
5. Posting very different messages on social media
6. Dramatic changes in habits and/or priorities
7. Involvement in criminal activity
Physical Symptoms
 Changes in appearance can be additional clues to possible drug abuse and may
include:

1. Bloodshot or glazed eyes

2. Dilated or constricted pupils
3. Abrupt weight changes
4. Problems sleeping or sleeping too much
5. Looking unkempt (messy)
6. Poor physical coordination unusual body odors
Other symptoms are the following:

1. Mood swings
2. Withdrawal from family members
3. Loss of interest in hobbies or other favorite activities
4. Sniffy or runny nose

Instill
 Many drugs can take control of someone’s behavior and physical state. The following
are the signs and symptoms of specific drug use and effects related to frequently used
drugs.
Drug Signs and Effects
Symptoms/ How it
is used

1. Methamphetamine is a -It can be smoked, • wired sleeplessness for days

powerfully addictive snorted, orally and weeks
stimulant that dramatically ingested or injected.
• total loss of appetite; extreme
affects the central nervous
-Drug alters mood in weight loss
system.
different ways
• dilated pupils
depending on how it
is taken. • deluded sense of power
Smoking- The user • mental illness
experience an
intense rush or flash Medical Complications of
last only for a few Methamphetamine Use
minutes; described as • Cardiovascular problems
extremely
pleasurable. • Hyperthermia

Snorting or oral • Death

ingestion-produces • During pregnancy it may be
euphoria- a high but linked to congenital
not an intense rush; deformities
produces effects
within 3-5 minutes;
oral ingestion 15-20
minutes
2. Ecstasy also known as  changes in mental and physical
a. Small colored pills
MDMA , is a modification of in the person’s stimulation.
methamphetamine and has pockets or bags  increase in emotional
some similar effects to that response and sensual reactions.
b. Irregular sleeping
drug.
schedule; lack  the body overheat.
- An immediately stimulant awareness of pain  Brain Damage as a Symptom of
and its effects can increase Ecstasy Use
c. Ecstasy use is
to dangerous level.  Anxiety, depression and confusion
commonly connected
with multiple sexual   Poor memory or cognitive ability
partners.
d. Cravings
e. Heightened
sensory perception,
and the tactile sense
may be exaggerated.

3. Cocaine also known as - Appearance  Skin discoloration

Coke, is a strong stimulant  Loss of coordination
- Heart  False sense of power
mostly used as a
recreational drug. - Mental state  Vomiting
 Self-destructive behavior
- After long use or a
binge Signs and Symptoms of LSD
Abuse
-Lysergic acid
diethylamide (LSD)  Signs of LSD abuse are so
distinctive making it easier to
also known as
detect this type of drug
acid, is a psychedelic
abuse.
drug known for its
 Person’s perception and
psychological effects.
sense of reality begin to
change
 May feel relax and sociable

4. Phencyclidine -Violent or bizarre Short-term effects

(PCP) also known as Angel behavior
dust among any other  visual and auditory distortions
- Fearfulness
names, is a dissociative  feeling detached from
drug. - Acting withdrawn themselves or the world around
them
- Skin flushing
Long-term effects
- Total numbness
 Impaired memory.
 Thinking problems and impaired
decision-making abilities.
 Speech problems.
  Severe depression with suicidal
thoughts.
 Higher anxiety, paranoia, and
isolation.
 Extreme weight loss.
 "Flashback" phenomena.
 Continuous hallucinations and
delusional thinking even when not
using the substance.

5. Heroin also known as Medical Complications of

diamorphine among other Chronic Heroin Abuse
names, is an opioid most
 Scarred and/or collapsed veins
commonly used as
recreational drug for its  Bacterial infections of the blood
euphoric effects. vessels and heart valves
 Soft tissue infections and liver or
kidney disease
 Lung complications
 Clogging blood vessels
 Arthritis or other rheumatologic
problems

How Does Heroin Abuse Affect

Pregnant Women
• Miscarriage and premature
delivery.
• Greater risk of SIDS (sudden
infant death syndrome)
• Increase risk of spontaneous
abortion
 Special risk or contracting
HIV/aids and hepatitis

6. Marijuana (cannabis -Red eyes  Not everyone’s experience

sativa) Psychoactive drug with marijuana is pleasant. It
-Eating or excessive often can leave you anxious,
for medical or recreational
eating outside of afraid, or panicked.
use.
regular meal or snack  Heighten your senses (colors
times might seem brighter and
The -Diminished sounds might seem louder)
main psychoactive (mind- performance in  Distort your sense of time
altering) chemical in school, at work,  Hurt your motor skills and
marijuana, responsible for and/or in meeting make driving more dangerous
most of the intoxicating responsibilities at  Lower your inhibitions so you
effects that people seek, home may have risky sex or take
is delta-9- other chances
-Withdrawing from
 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) friends, family,
coworkers, and/or
classmates
Can be used to brew tea
-Spending time with
and, particularly when it is
people who use
sold or consumed for
marijuana or other
medicinal purposes, is
drugs
frequently mixed into foods
(edibles) such as brownies, -Buying certain
cookies, or candies products, such as
bongs and rolling
papers, in order to
smoke marijuana
-Doing online
research on different
types of marijuana
and highs
-Using slang terms
for marijuana, such
as weed, pot, bud,
trees, cannabis, kush,
and mota

7. DEPRESSANTS -Slow brain function  Short-term effects

(tranquilizers and  Slow brain function
-Slowed pulse and
barbiturates)  Slowed pulse and breathing
breathing
-Lowered blood  Lowered blood pressure
 Drugs that lower neuro- pressure  Poor concentration
transmission levels to  Confusion
-Poor concentration
depress or reduce arousal
or stimulation in various -Confusion  Fatigue
areas of the brain  Dizziness
-Fatigue
 Sometimes called  Slurred speech
“downers,” these drugs -Dizziness  Fever
come in multicolored tablets
and capsules or in liquid
-Slurred speech  Sluggishness
form reduce the symptoms -Fever  Visual disturbances
of mental illness.  Dilated pupils
-Sluggishness
 barbiturates—drugs that are  Disorientation, lack of
used as sedatives and -Visual disturbances coordination
sleeping pills -Dilated pupils  Depression
-Disorientation, lack  Difficulty or inability to urinate
of coordination
 Addiction
-Depression
 Long-term effects
-Difficulty or inability • Depression
to urinate • chronic fatigue
• breathing difficulties
-Addiction • sexual problems
• sleep problems
 Unit 2: DRUG PREVENTION
Specific Learning Outcomes:

At the end of the lesson, you shall be able to:

1. Identify the salient roles of the youth and all other members of civil society on drug
detection and prevention.
2. Device a plan that would further the campaign against drug addiction.

Uncover
Let’s Get Started!
In the previous module, the classification of drugs and the symptoms and effects
of it were discussed. Still, under the module Drug Addiction and Prevention, for this unit
you will be focusing in your role in drug detection and prevention.
Watch the documentary and write not less than 3 ideas emphasized in the
video,
Brainstorming
The Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002
Republic Act No. 6425 or the Dangerous Drugs Act of 1972 had been the heart and
soul of enforcement in the Philippines in so far as drug law was concerned. However,
the drug problem frighteningly rocketed with the alleged involvement of men in uniform
collecting drug money. Profitability in this particular illegal activity and the imposition of
light penalties to perpetrators contributed to the factors that made the drug problem
even more alarming.
During the term of the then Philippine President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, a
new law was enacted repealing Republic Act No. 6425. Signed into law on June7, 2002
and took effect on July 4, 2002, Republic Act 9165, or the Comprehensive Dangerous
Drugs Act of 2002, now clearly defines supplementary actions for the national anti-drug
campaign and at the same time imposes heavier penalties to wrongdoers.
One of the salient features of RA 9165 is the reorganization of the system of
drug law enforcement. The Dangerous Drug Board remains as the governing body that
plans and formulates programs on drug control and prevention, but it has created the
Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA) under the Office of the President, which
will serve as the implementing arm of the Dangerous Drug Board. This Act is consisting
of 101 sections providing importation on Dangerous Drugs and/or Controlled Precursors
and Essential Chemicals. It states the offences and penalty according to the different
dangerous drug, regardless of the quantity and purity involve. You may check the link
for the complete copy of the Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of
2002: https://pdea.gov.ph/images/Laws/RA9165.pdfhttps://pdea.gov.ph/images/La
ws/RA9165.pdf

Instill
Knowing that the government is already on its battle against illegal drugs and
with the strict implementation of the Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002,
what could be your role in this kind of societal issue?
The youth plays a vital part in helping to put a halt on the proliferation of illegal
drugs in the country. To maintain a healthy and drug-free lifestyle among the youth, it is
important to impart awareness among them on the ill effects of drug use. Senator
Vicente “Tito” Sotto reiterated that “The youth’s involvement in the anti-drug campaign is
a necessary step. Recognizing diversity as an advantage rather than a setback is
likewise an essential call for the youth to contribute to the campaign against this
menace.
Ultimately, the youth's main role is for them to act as role models, become well
informed on the appalling effects of drugs on their lives, and contribute to the dispersion
of awareness for others' education. A useful article posted on the website of National
Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence (NCADD) enumerated ten tips for the
prevention of drug use among the youth:
The value of youth participation to eradicate drug problems:
 Campaigns and Advocacies against Drug Addiction
Below are some of the programs relative to campaigns and advocacies against
drug addiction posted on the website of the Dangerous Drugs Board:

1. Barkada Kontra Droga (BKD, Peer Groups Against Drugs). As an effective peer-based
preventive education and information program to counter the dangers and ill effects of
drug abuse, the Board has institutionalized the BKD program to enlist the participation
of more in- and out-of-school youth, and eventually organize them into a movement of
young people who are catalysts Within their peer groups in advocating a healthy, drug-
free lifestyle.
2. National Youth Congress on Drug Abuse Prevention and Control. This annual
three-day live in Congress is designed to provide an open and comfortable atmosphere
for fun, real work, and innovative strategic planning to address the drug problem in the
respective localities of the youth participants. A team of anti-drug advocates and
facilitators provide participants the opportunity for positive discussions/dialogues
structured learning activities, workshops, and inputs. The team approach is employed
throughout the congress to foster teamwork learning, camaraderie, and harmonious
relationship of youth delegates.
3. Drug Abuse Resistance Education (DARE) Program. The Drug Abuse Resistance
Education Program (DARE) is being enhanced to complement the implementation of
NDEP. DARE offers a variety of activity-oriented techniques, which are designed to
encourage student generated responses to problem-solving situations, specifically on
drug abuse. This is being implemented in collaboration with the Philippine National
Police.
4. Kids Against Drugs Program. To bring the anti-drug advocacy to the children, the
DDB participates in the annual celebration of the Children's Month every October. The
DDB conducts the Kids Against Drugs program, a primary prevention activity that aims
to inculcate the skills of “Saying No” to children as a firm foundation for preventive
education.
5. National Drug Education Program (NDEP). This program, which is currently
implemented in elementary and secondary schools, in Cooperation with DDB-member
agency DepEd, entails five components Curriculum and instruction, cocurricular and
ancillary services, teacher and staff development, parent education and community
outreach,and research, evaluation, and monitoring-which is comprehensive in nature
and provides a holistic approach to the problem of drug abuse. It is designed to enable
all sectors to work collaboratively, with the school system as the core, thereby, unifying
all sectoral endeavors.
6. Drug Abuse Prevention Program for the Transport Groups. This is a primary
prevention activity involving the public transport groups designed to ensure the safety,
well-being of the commuter and pedestrians by having drug-free transport personnel.
Cooperating agencies are the DDB, DOLE, DOH, PDEA, LTFRB, LTO, and the
Philippine Global Road Safety. It seeks to reduce the incidence of drug related vehicular
accidents, promote public order and safety on the streets, and organize anti-drug
patrols among drivers and some other transport personnel.
7. Nationwide Caravan of Youth Against Drugs. This new advocacy program, done in
partnership with DDB-member-agency National Youth Commission, aims to intensify
youth empowerment efforts to zero-in on drug abuse. The project coverage includes six
(6) key cities of the country, namely, Metro Manila, Davao, Cebu, Zamboanga, Naga,
Cagayan De Oro, and Baguio City.