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Experiment 2: Water of Hydration

1) The document describes an experiment to determine the percentage of water in an unknown hydrate qualitatively and quantitatively. 2) Qualitatively, heating copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate caused the release of water vapor and a color change. Quantitatively, heating the unknown hydrate (nickel(II) chloride trihydrate) and measuring mass loss allowed calculating 55% water content. 3) The experiment confirmed the formula of the unknown hydrate as NiCl2∙3H2O.

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Nur Faizatul Atiqah
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997 views10 pages

Experiment 2: Water of Hydration

1) The document describes an experiment to determine the percentage of water in an unknown hydrate qualitatively and quantitatively. 2) Qualitatively, heating copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate caused the release of water vapor and a color change. Quantitatively, heating the unknown hydrate (nickel(II) chloride trihydrate) and measuring mass loss allowed calculating 55% water content. 3) The experiment confirmed the formula of the unknown hydrate as NiCl2∙3H2O.

Uploaded by

Nur Faizatul Atiqah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EXPERIMENT 2 : WATER OF HYDRATION

COURSE CODE : AS2291A


NAME : NUR FAIZATUL ATIQAH BINTI SHAMSUDIN
STUDENT ID : 2018435816
PARTNER NAME : NUR SYAHMINA BINTI NOOR AZMAN SHAH
(2018248786)
DATE OF EXPERIMENT : 2 OCTOBER 2018
LECTURER’S NAME : DR AMALINA MOHD TAJUDDIN
OBJECTIVE
To determine the percentage of water in an unknown hydrate qualitatively and
quantitatively.

INTRODUCTION
Water of hydration is combination of water with a substance to form a hydrates which
can be expelled without essentially altering the composition of the substance.

Hydrated compound are the compound that contains definite amount of water
molecules and combined chemically. The example of hydrated compounds are :

CaSO4 x 2H2O Calcium sulfate dihydrate


CoCl2 x6H2O Cobalt(II) chloride hexahydrate
Na2CO3 x H2O Sodium carbonate monohydrate

The hydrate word in cobalt(II) chloride dehydrate incates six water molecules that bound
in the substances. The dot is used to separated the water molecules from the
compound. The anhydous compound have a strong ability to absorb the water vapour
from the air. Thus, become the hydrate compounds.

In this experiment the amount of water that dehydrate is determined by qualitative and
quantitatively.in qualitative part, the behaviour of hydrate will be observed when the
sample is heated. While in the quantitative part, amount of water driven off can be
determined by heating the sample to the constant weight. From the amount of mass
lost, the percentage of water in the sample cn be determined.
CHEMICALS AND APARATUS

Finely ground copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate Analytic balance


CuSO4 x 5H2O Crucible and cover
Unknown hydrated compounds : Clay triangle
MgSO4 X xH2O Tripod stand
BaCl2 X xH2O Bunsen burner
NiCl2 X xH2O Tile
Test tube
METHOD

A. Qualitative determination of water

1. A clean test tube is being hold with the clamp with its mouth is 15-20 degrees
above the horivontal.
2. A scoop of copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate is added into the test tube. The bottom
of the test tube is heated gently using the bunsen burner to avoid spattering.
3. The observation is recorded in DATASHEET 2.
4. Test tube is allowed to cool in the room temperature and after the test tube is
coll, few drops of water is added into the test tube.
5. The observation after added the water is being recorded into the DTASHEET 2.

B. Quantitative determination of water in a hydrate

1. The salt that being analyzed is recorded.


2. The tap water is used to clean the cruicible and the cover. The cruicible and the
cover is heated using the bunsen burner for five minutes. The the cruicible and
the cover is allowed to cool in the room temperature and the mass if it is
recorded.
3. 1.000 g to 1.500g of the hyrated compound is added into the cruicible. The
weight after the sample added is being recorded. The heating process begin
gently to avoid spattering and increase the intesity of the flame after 5 minutes
and heat to redness for another 5 minutes.
4. The cruicible is allowed to cool in room temperature and the mass of it is
recorded. The heating process is repeated until the result of two succesive
weighings agree to within 0.05g.
DATA

A. Qualitative determination of water


Before heating During heating After heating
Colour of copper(II) Blue Blue- white White
sulfate
pentahydrate
Describe the Dry Water vapour is Dry
apperance exist
A few drops of - - Blue precipitate
water was added form

B. Quantitative determination of water

Sample no : NiCl2 x XH2O

1. Mass of cruicible + cover : 52.2001g


2. Mass of cruicible + cover + sample : 53.9275g
3. Mass of cruicible + cover + sample (1st heating) : 53.4175g
4. Mass of cruicible +cover + sample (2ndheating ) : 53.3785g
5. Mass of cruicible + cover + sample (3rd heating): -
6. Mass of original sample : 1.22g
7. Total mass lost by sample after heating : 0.5490g
8. Percentage water in sample : 55%
QUESTIONS

1. Write the balanced chemical equations for decomposition of cooper (II) sulfate
pentahydrate.
Answer : Cu SO 4 ( s ) x 5 H 2 O (aq) →Cu SO 4 (aq) +5 H 2 O (aq)

2. Calculate the percentage of water in your sample based on the final weighing.
Answer :
Total mass lost by sample after heating
=(mass of cruicible + cover+sampe) – ( mass of cruicible + cover + sample (1 st heating)
= 52.9275g – 53.3785g
= 0.5490g
Percentage of water in sample
=( (mass of original sample - Total mass lost by sample after heating ) / mass of original
sample) x 100
= 1.22g – 0.5490g
= 0.671g
=(0.671g/1.22g) x 100
= 55%

3. Determine the formula of your hydrate


Answer :
NiCl2 H2O
Mass 1.22 g 0.5490 g
Mole 1.22 g ÷ (58.6 + 35.4(2) ) 0.5490 g ÷ (16 + 2) mole
mol = 0.0305 g/mol
= 0.009 g/mol
Ratio 0.009 ÷ 0.009 = 1 0.0305 ÷ 0.009 = 3

Formula : NiCl2 . 3H2O

DISCUSSION
The word hexahydrate in coalt(II) chloride hexahydrate is the example of compound that
indicates six water molecules which is bounded chemically. Dot is used to separated the
water molecules from the anhydrous compound. The hydrate compound is formed when
the anhydrous compound is absorbed water.

From the experiment, the gas is released when heating the copper(II) sulfate
pentahydrate is heated and the water vapour is released during the experiment but non
exist after the experiment. The apperance of copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate before the
experiment is blue and changed during the experiment to blue-white and become blue
again after drops a few drops of distilled water. That’s from the experiment part A which
is qualitative determination of water.

For part B, Quantitative determination of water in a hydrate, the cruicible and its cover is
heated before the experiment. This is to determined the exact weight of the cruicible
and its cover. To avoid the moisture from skin add to the cruicible weight, we should not
touching the cruicible using hand directly.so,clamp and tiles is used to carry the cruicible
from table to analytic balances and during the heating process.

The cover of the cruicible also had to slightly ajar to avoid the spattering and increase
the intensity of the flame.

CONCLUSION
 The colour of copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate during the heating process is blue-
white
 The water vapour is exist during the experiment held in part A.
 The percentage of water in the sample is 55% which means half if the sample is
solid and another half is water

REFERENCES
 https://secure-media.collegeboard.org
 https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/water%20of%20hydration

DATASHEET

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