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1.1 Notes Rev Sci Notation

The document discusses scientific notation, which expresses very large or small numbers as a number between 1 and 10 multiplied by a power of 10. It defines the SI base units used in the metric system and derived units. Examples are provided for converting values to scientific notation and performing calculations by adding, subtracting, multiplying and dividing exponents.

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24 views

1.1 Notes Rev Sci Notation

The document discusses scientific notation, which expresses very large or small numbers as a number between 1 and 10 multiplied by a power of 10. It defines the SI base units used in the metric system and derived units. Examples are provided for converting values to scientific notation and performing calculations by adding, subtracting, multiplying and dividing exponents.

Uploaded by

lewdimprovisationman420
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Review - Scientific Notation Date: ___________________________

__________________________________________________ - set of units on which a measurement system is based.

SI units (International System of Units) = metric system. Related by powers of ten.

Five fundamental units:


time = ___________________________________
length = ___________________________________
mass = ___________________________________
electric current = ___________________________________
luminous intensity = ___________________________________

_____________________________________________ - quantity that consists of a combination of fundamental units.


These units are the result of measurement.
Ex: meters per second (m/s) is derived from measuring speed (distance traveled per unit time).

_____________________________________________ - written form that reduces very large or very small numbers to
a shortened form by expressing decimal places as powers of ten.

Ex: The mass of Earth is about


6 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 kilograms
The mass of an electron is
0.000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 911 kilograms

The numerical part of a measurement is expressed as a number between 1 and 10 (M) multiplied by a whole-number power
of 10 (10n).
M x 10n
where 1 ≤ M < 10 and n is an integer.
Ex: mass of Earth = 6.0 x 1024 kg
mass of electron = 9.11 x 10-31 kg

** When moving the decimal from the right to the left, the exponent becomes more positive (larger).
When moving the decimal from the left to the right, the exponent becomes more negative (reduced).

NOTE: The proper form of the written expression contains only ONE DIGIT to the left of the decimal.

Express the following measurements in scientific notation.


1a. 5800m _______________________ b. 186,000mi/s _______________________
c. 299,792,458m/s _______________________ d. 86,000,000,000m _______________________
2a. 0.000508kg _______________________ b. 0.00000045kg _______________________
c. 0.003600kg _______________________ d. 0.004kg _______________________

Adding and subtracting exponents:

The exponents must be the same! Move the decimal to the right or left until the exponents are the same. It is best to keep the
LARGER exponent and change the smaller one by moving the decimal until the exponents are the same.
Add or subtract the values of M and keep n the same.
**Variations of like units must be converted to the same unit before addition or subtraction.

Ex: 4.1m + 2.0km = 4.1 x 100m + 2.0 x 103m Ex: 4.1m + 2.0km = 4.1 x 100m + 2.0 x 103m
= .0041 x 103m + 2.0 x 103m = .0041km + 2.0km
= 2.0041 x 103m = 2.0041km
Solve the following problems. Express your answers in scientific notation.

3a. 5 x 10-7kg + 3 x 10-7kg _______________________________________________________________

b. 7.2 x 10-12kg - 2.6 x 10-12kg _______________________________________________________________

c. 3.8 x 10-11m2 - 1.90 x 10-12m2 _______________________________________________________________

d. 5.0 x 10-8mg + 4.0 x 10-7mg _______________________________________________________________

e. 8.2km - 9.0 x 102m _______________________________________________________________

Multiplying and dividing exponents: Consider the function as applied to the units also.
Multiplication: Multiply the values of M and add the exponents.
Ex: (3 x 106m) (2 x 103m) = 6 x 10(6+3)m2 = 6 x 109m2

4a. (2 x 10-5m) ( 4 x 109m) ______________________________________________________________________

b. (4 x 103kg) (5 x 1011m) ______________________________________________________________________

c. (6 x 10-4m) (5 x10-8m) ______________________________________________________________________

d. (2.5 x 10-5km) (2.5 x1011m) ______________________________________________________________________

Division: Divide the values of M and subtract the exponent of the divisor (bottom) from the
exponent of the dividend (top). Beware of negative exponents.

Ex: 8 x 106m = 4 x 10(6-3)m/s = 4 x 103 m/s


2 x 103s

5a. 6 x 108kg
2 x 104m3 ______________________________________________________________________

b. 6 x 108kg
2 x 10-4m3 ______________________________________________________________________

c. 6 x 10-8kg
2 x 104m3 ______________________________________________________________________

d. 6 x 10-8kg
2 x 10-4m3 ______________________________________________________________________

e. (3 x 104kg) (4 x 104m)
6 x 104 s ______________________________________________________________________

f. (2.5 x 106kg) (6 x 104m)


5 x 10-2 s2 ______________________________________________________________________

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