FOURTH EDITION MAGNETIC PARTICLE TESTING METHOD WV -| PeP1n To NXVL LOL —eL olay Book B kesASNT QUESTIONS & ANSWERS BOOK FOURTH EDITION MAGNETIC PARTICLE TESTING METHOD Levels |, Il, and Ill Review Questions - Book B The American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Inc.ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ‘The American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Inc. is grateful forthe volunteer contributions, technical expertise, ‘knowledge, and dedication ofthe following individuals who have helped make this work possible. Technical Reviewers Publications Review Committee James Kretzler, Sr, KTA-Tator, Inc. Joseph Mackin, International Pipe Inspectors Association Anthony Balowski, Alyeska Pipeline Service Company ‘Martin T. Anderson, Hileorp Eugene V. Charpia, Bluegrove NDT Consulting ‘Mark R. Pompe, West Penn Testing Group ‘Nirav Maheshchandra Dave, Ratnamani Metals & Tubes LTD Kurt Krueger, Mississippi Tank Company Doug McBeth, Meggitt Aircraft Braking Systems Corp Luis A. Payano, Port Authority of NY & NJ ‘Michael Sullivan, Olsson Associates Daniel Tobin, GE Oil & Gas ‘ ‘Thomas Veselka, Lockheed Martin Copyright 82018 by The Ameicon Society fr Nondastuctive Testing The American Society or Nondestructive Testing, nc. (ASNT sno reeparsioe for he authenticy or accuracy of information herein. Pushed! ‘Pinions and slolemen's do not necessary elec Ihe opinion of ASN. Producs or Sones thot ne oxverisec or mentioned do nok cory the ‘Shdarsemant or ecommendation of ASNT No pat of ths pubication may be reproduced or orsmited in any form, by means electronic & machanica Inciusing Photocopying. recoring ‘or ctherwise thu! the expressed rir won permiion ef The american Socisy fot NoneshcTve Tesing Ine [RRSP NDT Handbook, The NBT Tectrician and yrww.osnt.org eve trademarks of The American Society for Nondeshuctve Testing, nc, ACCP. ASNT Levelll Study Guide, Mater’ Evaluation, Nendestuctive Tesing Handbook, Research in Nondeshuclive Evejuahion and RNDE ote regisiotes Irodemarts of The Aineicon Socity far Nendesterve fering, ne Ths beck war previouly published os Supplement fo Recommencied Procice No, SNT-TC:1A (GA Book): Magnetic Prlcle Testing Method tst ublohed ine 1960s, Fourth ection fist ening ose ebe0k 0918 Erata. if avaioble forth pining, may be obtained rom ASNT's wetsle,osat.rg. Eoo0ks contain all canections and ypc, inching the latest erat. 'SBN:978-1.57117-437- pn] ISBN: 978-157117-438- febook) Printedin he United States of America, Publened by The American Society for Nondestuctve Testing. Ine 171 atingate Lane. Columaus, OH 48228 0518 ‘sewn centorg Edited by: Cynthi M. Leeman, Ectcational Malai Supervisor ‘Asssted by fon Keruno, Edveational Mates Sypervsor Synthia lear layout 18) Grimm, Production Manager Tim Jones Serior Manager of PUbEcatons ASNT Mision Statement ASNT ex fo creole safer wos by advancing scenic. enginearing, and technical knowledge in he fel of nancashuctve esing, ~~References .....--.. 0.6665 Recommended References Reference Codes . Reference Usage . Level | ~ Review Questions . Answers Level Il - Review Questions . Answers . Level Ill - Review Questions Answers.REFERENCES Recommended References ‘The following references were used in formulating the questions in this book. Reference A Smith, G. Magnetic Particle Testing Classroom Training Book (PTP Series), Columbus, OH: The American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Ine. 2015, Reference B ‘Moore, D.G., tech. ed., P.O. Moore, ed. Nondestructive ‘Testing Handbook, third edition: Volume 8, Magnetic Particle Testing, Columbus, OH: The American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Inc. 2008, Reference C ASNT Level Il Study Guide: Magnetic Particle Testing ‘Method. Columbus, OH: The American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Inc. 2017, Reference D ASNT Level II Study Guide: Magnetic Particle Testing ‘Method. Columbus, OH: The American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Ine. 2015 Reference E ASTM E1444/F1444 M, Standard Practice for Magnetic Particle Examination. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International, Latest edition. Reference Codes ‘Bach question in this book is followed by leter(s) and page number(s) indicating the specific recommended reference where the answer may be found. For example: 6. Which of the following can be magnetized? b. copper © aluminum, magnesium nas In this example, the letter “B” refers to Reference B in the list above and 43 is the specific page in Reference B where the answer to the question is located, Reference Usage Reference A Total = 59 Level I 33) Level 11 (16) Levél 11110) Reference B Total = 189 Level 1(81) Level II (63) Level III (45) Reference C Total = 22 Level 1(8) Level II (14) Level III (0) Reference D Total = 57 Level (17) Level II (10) Level III (30) Reference E Total = 10 Level 13) Level Il (5) Level IIL (2)™ LEVEL I Review Questions Magnetic particle is a nondestructive testing method used for: 4. locating surface and near-surface discontinuities inaluminum. ’. locating surface and near-surface discontinuities in ferromagnetic material finding and measuring material separation <4. measuring flux density Bs Ferromagnetic material is: strongly attracted by a magnetic field not highly saturated by magnetic fields ‘a material with a zero permeability measurement. not capable of being magnetized. Ab: 8.380; D3 The permeability of a material describes the: 4 ease with which it can be magnetized.” . depth of the magnetic field in the part. €. length of time required to demagnetize it. 4. ability to retain the magnetic fel. AAT; B56, 385; 0.8 ‘The retentivity of a material describes the: case with which it can be magnetized, depth of the magnetic field in the pat. length of time required to demagnetize it. abilty to retain the magnetic field. A37;B387; DA aoge ‘Magnetic particles are available in different colors: a. to determine if an indication is surface or subsurface. . to-enhance the detection of indications by allowing background color matching. «. for color contrast with the part surface thereby enhancing detection of indications. 4. to indicate different magnetic flux values. 8.180 ‘Which of the following can be magnetized? Iron. Copper. ‘Aluminum. ‘Magnesium, 343 ‘The magnetic field is strongest when the: magnetizing voltage is flowing. magnetizing current is flowing. material exhibits high coercive forces. magnetizing current is not flowing bss Ifa crack exists ina circular magnet, the attraction of ‘magnetic particles to the crack is caused by a: coercive force. high reluctance at the crack. Doppler effect. Teakage field 8.47, 49-50 ‘The unit usually used to denote flux density is: tesla henry. farad. ampere BsaMagnetic Particle Testing Method | LEVEL 1 10. ML. 12 13. {Which statement is true when related to magnetic 15. lines of force? ‘They are often forced to cross due to part geometry. ‘They are most dense at the poles of a magnet, ‘They seek the path of most resistance. . They cannot be detected, b, 244 Magnetic flux lines that are parallel to a discontinuity 16 Produce: strong indications. ‘weak indications, ‘no indications, fuzzy indications. 848 17, A part is susceptible to magnetic particle inspection if a. itis attached to an electrostatic field, b. the material is ferromagnetic. © the material is non-ferrous. the material is an electric conductor, B43 1 ‘What rule describes the direction of current flow (+ to -) when lines of magnetic force surround » conductor? a Flux rule, b. Reluctance rule, © Left-hand rule. 19, 4. Right-hand rule, 8.50 The magnitude of the residual magnetic field in a specimen is dependent on the length of the time current is applied. strength of the applied magnetizing force right-hand rule, 20, left-hand rule. 8.54 The proper number of ampere-turns fora given test specimen being examined by longitudinal magnetism is determined by: the diameter and the material . the material and the length, ©. its length and diameter. 4. its diameter, 78; £19-20 ‘A circular feld may be induced into specimen by: . placing the part in an energized coil, . passing current directly through the part. © Passing a magnetic field through the part. 4 placing the part in a north-south orientation, Am; 8.90 ‘An electrical yoke produces: 4 alongitudinal fed by a circular field alternating fields, 4. a swinging field ATS: 853: 0.29 ‘An energized coil around the part produces a. a circular field. >. alongitudinal fel © an intermittent field, 4. afield dependent on the type of current applied. A73;8.51;0.9 {In longitudinal magnetization, the proper term for calculating magnetizing force is: amperes, ampere-turns. watts, ohms. 78-79, 187 ‘Magnetic lines of force ‘travel in straight lines. overlay in highly ferromagnetic materials, are randomly oriented. form a closed loop. ao 2.44: D4 ~~a, 2. 2, 25, ‘A magnetic particle buildup from a discontinuity is 26 strongest when the discontinuity is oriented: 45° to the magnetic flux flow. 90° to the magnetic flux flow. 90° to the current flow. 180° to the magnetic flux ow. 8.48 A specimen may be demagnetized by which of the following? 27, a Heat treatment below the curie temperature. b. Placing the part in an alternating current coi ©. Placing the part in reversing and decreasing direct current fields. Applying a direct current yoke and removing it from the part, ps7058 28 Which of the following is an advantage of magnetic particle testing over penetrant testing? It does not require post-cleaning of the part. It requires direct access to the surface ofthe part It can detect near-surface discontinuities. It requires a shorter dwell time to produce results 7812 29 ‘The amount of amperage used for magnetic particle inspection when using the prod technique is determined from the: a. type and thickness of material b. total length of the part. €. diameter of the part. 30. 4. distance between the prods and thickness of the material 8.13 ‘The flux within and surrounding a magnetized part fo around a conductor carrying a current is known the saturation point ‘a magnetic field the ferromagnetic field the paramagnetic field. 38, 159; 8.380, 283, Review Questions ‘The areas on a magnetized part from which the ‘magnetic field is leaving or returning into the part are called: a. salient points. b. defects. magnetic poles. nodes. 36, 162; B44, 384 ‘A metal that is difficult to magnetize is said to have: a. high permeability b. low permeability ©. low coercive force 4. low retentivity AAT; B56; D467, 48 ‘The magnetism that remains ina piece of ‘magnetizable material after the magnetizing force has been removed is called the: residual magnetism. tramp magnetism. damped magnetism. permanent magnetism. As: 854 Subsurface discontinuity indications usually appear: sharp and distinct sharp and wide. wide and fuzzy. high and loosely held. 4.82; C.46; D.2 Which residual field is the most difficult to demagnetize? Longitudinal. Circular. Vector. Binodal AT; 8.281Magnetic Particle Testing Method | LEVEL I 31. Which magnetic particle application technique is the most sensitive? a Continuous. b. Residual. Interrupted d. Counter-current. ASIA52; Bbd: O54; 6.6 32. Fluorescent magnetic particle indications should be inspected under: any light. aneon light. an ultraviolet light, a fluorescent light. aoge 8.43; 0.42 33. _ Inspecting a part by magnetizing, removing the current flow, then appl continuous technique. wet technique residual technique dry technique. Bas 66 34. Of the following techniques, which is most effective in detecting near-surface discontinuities? a. Dry residual technique using DC with surge, b. Wet continuous technique using half-wave current. & Wet residual technique. 4. Dry continuous technique using half-wave ‘current with prods Bu7 35. A curve is sometimes drawn to show graphically the relation of the magnetizing force to the strength of the magnetic field produced in a certain material ‘This curve is known as the: ‘magnetic force curve, hysteresis curve saturation curve, induction curve. A38; B84; DS ig the medium is called the: 36. 37, 38, 39. ‘What technique of applying particles provides greater sensitivity in locating subsurface weld discontinuities? Continuous. Residual, Circular, Longitudinal. 3.180 ‘When magnetizing a weld in two directions, and if the current used in the first direction is 750 A and the current in the second direction is 400 A, which of the following is true? The part should be checked to see if demagnetization between operations is necessary. b. No precautions should be taken before the second operation. This is not a valid technique. dd, There is no need to magnetize a weld in two directions, 20-21; 8.278 ‘When a ferromagnetic object is placed inside a coil carrying an electric current, the magnetic lines of flux concentrate themselves in: a circular direction, a longitudinal direction, ‘many directions. no direction, asi ‘What are three causes of nonrelevant indications? Lack of fusion, change of section thickness, grinding cracks, b. Drilled hole near-surface, very high amperage, lack of fusion. Very high amperage, drilled hole near-surface, blow holes. 4d. Sharp comers, heat-affected zones, drilled hole near-surface, 821740, a1. 2. 43, Using the residual testing technique, a number of parts are magnetized and laid on a rack prior to application of magnetic particles. Why is it {important that they do not rub or touch each other? There is a possible loss ofthe magnetic field. Itmay damage the part. It may cause magnetic writing. 1 makes parts hard to handle. A84; 8217; 0.45 ‘The point at which the magnetism in @ material ‘cannot be increased even though the magnetizing force continues to increase is known as the: salient pole, saturation point residual point. remnant point, peep 39; B54 Which type of current produces a skin effect on the surface of the part? Alternating current, b. Direct current. . Half-wave current. 4. Full-wave current. A887; DIS ‘When using wet techniques, why shoulda high velocity flow of wet bath over surfaces following removal of the magnetizing current not be used? a. ‘The lux leakage may not be able to attract the particles ‘This is nota problem, ‘The particles may clog the applicator. 4. The flux leakage may increase withthe inereased velocity cz Residual magnetic particle inspection may be used when: a. parts are irregular in shape. b. evaluating continuous technique indications. parts are highly stressed. 4. parts are highly retentive ASA; 843-64; 0.54 45, 46. 49. Review Questions Magnetic particle inspection is not a reliable method of detecting: laps. deep internal cavities cracks. 3, 29-90; 8.8 ‘The wet fluorescent technique isthe same as the wet visible technique except that the wet fluorescent technique requires: a. an ultraviolet light. b. aigher current. . adifferent machine. 4. alternating current. AA discontinuity open tothe surface produces an indication which is: sharp and distinct. ‘wide and indefinite crisscrossed. high and fuzzy. AS: CAG; D2 ‘Which ofthe following will produce circular ‘magnetism? Passing current through a coil Placing the test part in a solenoid. Yokes. Passing current through prods. An ‘When using the wet continuous technique, the flow of suspension from the hose should be shut off a. immediately after applying the current. b. immediately before applying the current. while the current is flowing, 30's before applying the current. As2 ‘The strongest magnetic field in a coil is atthe: a. outside edge. b. inside edge. © center. 4. end. Ats-7 a9Magnetic Particle Testing Method | LEVEL I 51 82, 53, 55, 56. To detect lengthwise discontinuities on the inside diameter of hollow parts, you should: pass current through it. ‘magnetize with a coil pass current through a central conductor. increase the amperage used. 8120-121; C.16-17 What equipment is used to determine if part has been demagnetized? Notched shim. Field indicator. Pie gauge. Careful observation for clinging magnetic particles. A.20; 6.289 Which of the following is most often used for dry ‘magnetic particle inspection? a. High-voltage, low-amperage current. b. Direct current from electrolytic cells. © Fall-cycle direct current. 4. Half-wave direct current, AAS; 857-88 An electric current through a copper wire: creates a magnetic field around the wire. creates magnetic poles in the wire. rmagnetizes the wire does not create a magnetic field. B50; €.16-17 Parts should be cleaned after demagnetization to: censure that the magnetic particles are removed. prevent false indications. save the solids of the suspension, prevent cracking during heat treatment, 8.278; C53 In circular magnetization, the magnetizing force is expressed in amperes. What term is used to express ‘magnetizing force in longitudinal magnetization? Amperes Ampere-turns, ‘Consequent poles. Volts 57, 58. 59, 60. 61, A longitudinal surface crack in a circularly ‘magnetized part will cause: the magnetic field to die out. a decrease in permeability a current to flow. a magnetic leakage field. 849 Ina magnetic particle test, assuming that all of the following are in the same relative position in a small part, which would be the hardest to detect? a. A surface crack . A near-surface crack, fc Asscrateh, d. Aseam, A10; 8.218 If wet magnetic particle suspension is not uniform, then: a the strength of an indication may vary, and the interpretation of the indication may be erroneous. b. the magnetic flux would not be uniform. greater mobility would be required 4d. the part cannot be magnetized. 8.40 Which of the following currents will best define surface cracks? Half-wave current Direct current. Alternating current, Surge current, AAS: 857 ‘When a magnetic field is induced in a part with prods spaced 152 mm (6 in.) apart, the field is: solenoidal ircular. longitudinal distorted trapezoidal 25363. 66. Applying the theory of the right-hand rule, a longitudinal surface defect in a round bar is detected by “current passing in a direction parallel to the direction of expected defects” because: the current diection isin line with che defect. the magnetic lds at ight angles to he current pier the magnetic lds paral tothe defect 550 Ifa current is passed through an electrical conductor, ‘what will surround the conductor? Current Fay current field. Magnetic field Residual fel. 8.50 With current flowing from + to - ina coil,a Jongitudinal field is created. Which of the following, ‘may be used to establish the direction of the magnetic field? ‘Ohms law. ‘Newton's law. Left-hand rule. Right-hand rule, 31 ‘When magnetic material is placed into a coil, the ‘magnetic ines of flux concentrate themselves in the material and: create a longitudinal magnetic fel. create a circular magnetic field. LEVEL III Review Questions ‘The magnetic domains in a permanent magnet are aligned in: fixed positions with directions that cancel out. fixed positions, predominantly in one direction, the same direction as the metal’s grain structure, a random position and may become aligned to attract a magnetic material pose B44: Da Any material with a negative relative permeability that is slightly less than one is: ferromagnetic. diamagnetic paramagnetic. nonmagnetic. epgoe Ds Porosity, hot tears, cold shuts, shrinkage cracks, and sand inclusions are examples of defects resulting. from which of the following processes? Forging. Grinding Casting Heat treatment. 27-28; B.78, 298-300 ‘Which of the following statements is not a valid reason for demagnetizing a part after completing ‘magnetic particle test? a. Residual magnetism can disturb the welding are path on parts to be welded. b. Residual magnetism may attract chips or small particles in-service, causing galling or mechanical Residual magnetism could interfere with the ‘operation or accuracy of instruments placed on ‘or near the part during service. d._ Ifthe partis to be radiographed after magnetic particle inspection, residual magnetism may interfere with the electromagnetic radiation spectrum, 8278-279 Subjecting a part to a magnetic field that is constantly reversing in polarity and gradually diminishing in strength accomplishes which of the following: ‘magnetizes the part. demagnetizes the part, helps to locate deep-lying defects. increases the strength of the retained magnetic field. pose Aas ‘The concentration of the solid content in suspension cof magnetic particles is measured by: permitting the solids to settle out of suspension, soaking the solids in benzol. ‘measuring the pull on a magnet. ‘weighing the suspension, eree p80 21‘Magnetic Particle Testing Method | LEVEL III 10, nL. 22 BR ‘An important factor that must be considered when selecting a method of magnetization isthe: b. a. part’ curie point, the location of the inspection station, location of the inspection unit. |. alloy, shape, and condition of the part. Bt ‘When a ferromagnetic material reaches its curie temperature, the material 13. b. « rh is magnetized. is demagnetized. is destroyed. has no change. 8.279, 378 ‘Magnetic particle inspection methods on ferromagnetic materials are recognized as superior to liquid penetrant techniques when: M4, b, a the surface is plated the parts are painted the surface is anodized. ‘dry particles are used for fine surface cracks. Bey ‘A paramagnetic material: b. a ightly magnetic. 15. is highly magnetic. has no magnetic properties at all. has a demonstrated lack of electron mobility B45; D3 Which of the following will reduce a magnetic field? “Move the direct current coil closer to the part. Reduce the current in only one direction. Move the alternating current coil farther away from the part. 16. Move the part toward the inner surface of the coil 8.284; D.58 When an external magnetizing force is removed, some of the magnetic domains remain preferentially oriented. The additional force required to return them to their original random orientation is commonly referred to as: coercive force, applied field force. residual field force, direct current electric force. 2.54; D6 ‘When a cylinder is magnetized by a central conductor, the field is most intense: at the ends of the cylinder. at the outer surface of the cylinder. at the inside surface ofthe cylinder. halfway through the thickness ofthe cylinder wall bay ‘When is the magnetic field strongest in an object. being inspected by the magnetic particle method? ‘While the magnetizing current is applied. Just ater the magnetizing current is shut off ‘When the magnetic particle powder is applied. Just prior to current reversal when using alternating current. B54; Ds ‘Which of the demagnetization techniques listed is most effective? a. Pull-wave current Hal-wave current. . Direct current with reversing and step-down control 4. Variable voltage alternating current with step-down contro. 8.287-288; 0.58 ‘When using the longitudinal magnetization technique to inspect a bar 152 mm (6 in.) long and 51 mm (2 in.) in diameter with a 5-turn coil, which, of the following amperage values should be used? 1200 A 3000 A 12000 A 2000 ampere-turns 20: £19V7. 18, 19, ‘To examine a patt 127 mm (5 in.) long and 51 mm (2 in) in diameter using a 5-turn coil and headstock ‘magnetic particle machine, what amperage should be used for longitudinal magnetization? a. 300A b, 3600 A «4500 d. 10.000 ampere-turns .20; 6.19 ‘To examine a bar 381 mm (15 in.) long and $1 mm. (2in,) in diameter, what amperage should be used on stationary magnetic particle machine to create a direct circular magnetic field? 750.4, 1000 A 1800 ampere-turns 49.000 ampere-turns pay If the same amperage is passed through a 25 mm and. 51 mm (1 in. and a2 in.) diameter bar of the same length and material, the strength of the magnetic fleld at the surface: will be the same for both bars. b. of the 25 mm (1 in.) bar will be one-half that of the 51mm (2 in.) bar. ©. of the 25 mm (1 in.) bar will be approximately twice that of the 51 mm (2 in.) bar. . ofthe 51 mm (2 in.) bar will be approximately four times that of the 25 mm (1 in,) bar, 22-23 Ifthe same amperage is passed through a 25 mm (Lin.) diameter bar and a 51 mm (2 in.) diameter bar of the same length and material, the strength of the ‘magnetic field at the center of: 2. oth bars will be 0. b. the 25 mm (1 i.) bar willbe one-half that of the 51mm (2 in.) bar the 51 mm (2 in.) bar will be one-half that of the 25 mm (1 in.) bar 4. the 25 mm (1 in) bar willbe approximately one-fourth that ofthe 51 mm (2a, bar 2228 21 22, 23. 24, 25, Review Questions ‘When a magnetic field is induced in a part with prods spaced 152 mm (6 in.) apart, the field is a circular field residual field. solenoid field. longitudinal field, ATT; B53, 12-113; 029 ‘When circular magnetization is used to detect subsurface discontinuities, direct current is used instead of alternating current because: particle mobility is no longer a factor. b. there is no logical reason to use direct current instead of alternating current. c. direct current saturates the magnetic particles better than alternating current, the skin effect of alternating current reduces the ‘maximum depth at which discontinuities can be found. B57, 116-118; DAs An inspection technique in which an initial ‘magnetizing force is applied to a part and then reduced to a lower continuous value is called the: surge technique, residual technique. multivector technique. continuous technique, 83233 ‘Which of the statements below is most appropriate concerning Materials I and II represented by the hysteresis curves shown in Figure 1? ‘Material I has a lower coercivity than Material IL Material I has a lower retentivity than Material Il Material IT has a lower retentivity than Material | Material IT has a higher coercivity than Material I A.39-42; 8.282; D.S-6 Considering the curves shown in Figure 1, Material II in comparison to Material I indicates that the material: has a high coercive force. ‘would make an excellent permanent magnet. has high retentivity. has a high permeability. A.39-42; 8282: 0.5-6 23Magnetic Particle Testing Method | LEVEL IIT B+ (Fux Density) Material! H [-Mognetiing Force) a (Fux Density of Opposte Polarity to B+] Materiel He (+ Magnetiing Force) Figure 1: Hysteresis curve. 26. 27. 28. 24 ‘Which point on the hysteresis curve shown in. Figure I represents the residual field value? aoge maw> 39-42; 8.282; 0.56 Point B on the hysteresis curve for Material I shown in Figure 1 a. isthe limit of coercive force. ». is the material's magnetic saturation point. ©. represents the mid-point ofthe rectified alternating current applied. 4d. represents the point at which the residual ‘magnetic value will remain when the magnetizing current is removed. A39-42; 8202; D.S-6 ‘When deciding to inspect a part by the residual technique of applying the particles, what factor affects the residual magnetic field strength of the part? The retentivty of the part. ‘The par’s magnetic field saturation point. ‘The direction of the magnetic field in the part. “The type of field indicator used to measure the residual field. ASA; 63-64; 0.54 Factors that must be considered when interpreting aan indication are the: a. direction of the magnetic field and location of the magnetic particle unit. . location of the magnetic particle unit and the nondestructive testing evel ofthe inspector. ‘orientation and shape of the indication and the direction of the magnetic field. 4. strength of the leakage field atthe indication and. the type of demagnetization technique. 3216-218; D.55-69 A7-turn coil at 1000 A is used to inspect a round solid part 381 mm (1S in,) long and 64 mm (2.5 in.) in diameter. The length-to-diameter rato is: 214 60 7000 ampere-turns 445.000 ampere-turns A779; 0.20 Which of the following, when used as the last ‘magnetizing technique, will best render @ part suitable for relatively easy measurement of the external magnetic field using a field indicator? Probe magnetization Circular magnetization. Longitudinal magnetization, Central bar conductor magnetization. A; 8280-281 woReview Questions 32, When using direct current an indication is detected. 37. The continuous technique provides the most ‘What is the next logical step to determine if the sensitivity because flux density indication results from a surface or subsurface condition? ais lowest while the current is being applied. b. is highest while the current is being applied. a. Reinspect using alternating current. ‘& does not change while the current is being b. Reinspect at higher amperage. applied. c. Demagnetize and apply powder. 4. isnota factor. 4. Reinspect using the residual technique. 4: DSA 857:0.13 38, Which one of the following is not considered a 33. When using the dry particle technique, particle surface coating that can affect the sensitivity of mobility is: ‘magnetic particle testing? a. advantageous. a. Plating. . harmful. b. Paint © unnecessary. © Furring. 4d. impossible. . Cladding, bss 59, 101 ‘The least important factor below that should be 39, The magnetic lines of lux in a permanent magnet considered when selecting a technique of ‘magnetization to detect subsurface discontinuities is 4. inall cases produce a longitudinal field. b. enter the south pole and leave the north pole. a. available equipment. flow from the north pole through the magnet to bb. configuration of the part. the south pole. ©. cost of the equipment. 4d. change direction 60 times a second with the 4 type of materials the partis made from. ‘magnetizing current. 8.21601 3a 35. Which of the following discontinuities occur as a 40. Which of the following magnetization techniques is result ofthe rolling process? not recommended for magnetic particle testing? a. Fissures a. Vector magnetization. b. Laminations. b. Parallel magnetization, ©. Lack of penetration, Circular magnetization. 4. Blowholes and pipe. 4. Longitudinal magnetization. 877 B21 36. Which ofthe following discontinuities occur as a 41, When attempting to demagnetize a part containing a result of the forging process? circular residual field a. Pipe. a. use a swinging cyclic field. b. Laminations. '. consideration of the material's hysteresis is most © Lack of penetration Important. 4. Laps. ‘© establish a longitudinal field and then proceed B78 with demagnetization sing half-wave current with a head shot setup and step-down magnetization will ensure complete removal of the residual fel, 8281 25Magnetic Particle Testing Method | LEVEL TIT 42, An instrument used to measure the amount of| 47, retained magnetism is: «4 magnetic field strength indicator. ultraviolet meter. settling test. pie gauge. 3s, 59, 102 43, ‘The best shape for magnetic particles used in the dry powder technique is: 48, lobular. elongated. Jong and slender. mixture of elongated and globular. 3.79 44, When two magnetized parts are ubbed together, a local difference in polarity atthe points of contact can form an indication called 49. undercutting. fatigue cracking. porosity. ‘magnetic writing, 65-69, 103, 45, When a magnetized ferromagnetic object is exposed to a subsequent heating operation above the curie point 50, a. the martensite structure will occur. b. the magnetic domains become random. there is no change from its previous state. 4. the magnetic domains are reversed from their previous state az 46, A discontinuity caused by a welding operation is 31 creep crack segregation. sachining tear. lamellar tearing. pose 8.305, 207 26 ‘The most effective current to be used with dry ‘magnetic particle is: a. direct current. half-wave current, c. full-wave current with three-phase bridge circuitry, 4. full-wave current with single-phase bridge circuitry, 87 ‘The following properties should be considered in choosing a vehicle for the wet technique, except: capillarity. corrosivity. wetting ability. foaming ability pose 8186-187 ‘The amount of light reflected by one surface compared to that reflected by another adjacent surface is length-to-diameter ratio. B/H ratio, color contrast. brightness contrast e212 Given a certain continuous magnetization current in, ‘a material, which type of current would give the deepest penetration? Direct current Alternating current. Direct current surge. Half-wave direct current. pose ane Given a certain continuous magnetization current in a material, which type of current would give the shallowest penetration? a. Direct current. b. Alternating current. & Direct current surge. 4. Half-wave direct current. any53, Which type of radiation can most damage human tissue? a UV-A Db. UV-B. & White light, @. Visible light. B24 ‘Compared with magnetic particle testing, liquid enetrant testing is not as reliable after paint removal from weld because: 2 liquid penetrant testing can be applied only to small parts, 5. liquid penetrant testing can be applied only in field conditions. magnetic particle testing will detect subsurface discontinuities partial smearing of weld surface metal across the discontinuity opening can occur, B.269 Prod spacing less than 76.2 mm (3 in.) is usually not practical because: a. the possibilty of sparking will increase. >, more time will be consumed for inspection, © Particles tend to band around the prod making interpretation difficult, 4. it requires more media than a 152 mm (6 in.) prod distance. Bn One of most important facts that must be remembered while establishing magnetic particle procedure is: a. the magnetic field follows the path of greatest reluctance, . coil shot, wet technique provides only surface discontinuities, © the head shot wet technique is better for detecting subsurface discontinuities. 4. in most cases the continuous technique is more sensitive than is the residual technique. Ba 56, 87. 58, 59, Review Questions Which one of the following magnetic particle testing techniques is logically acceptable for testing a large flat areat a. Prod inspection, D. Rod shot inspection, © Coil shot inspection. 4. Head shot inspection. 8120 Permeability of a material can be numerically written as: a RIB. b. BH, HoH, 4. ampere-turns/number of turns. B56 One disadvantage for using undyed wet magnetic particles is a. itis more costly. b. itis suitable for the Muorescent technique only. © itis suitable for surface discontinuity detection only. the lack of contrasting color makes them difficult to see, 841 One of most desirable characteristics of the media for ‘magnetic particle testing is: athe ability to show clearly against any background, b. the insensitiveness to concentration in water as vehicle © no need for agitation when used with liquid vehicle 4 the highest possible permeability and lowest retentivity. 8.60 7Magnetic Particle Testing Method | LEVEL III Answers Ib 2 15c 146 9c 30b 43d 440 57b 58d 28 3c 17 sic 450 594 Ao bh hdd Ie 19 20 2a 22d 280 32a 38a dc SDB «SB 4d 47 4B. 49d_— SOB 100 240 380 52b. Ne 250 396 120 260 40b 5c 13e 27 atc 55d Ve 220 560,The American Society for Catalog Number: 2027 Nondestructive Testing, Inc ISBN: 978-1-57117-437-6