Mendez – Nuñez National High School

Galicia 1, Mendez, Cavite

MATHEMATICS 9
SupplemeNtary
MATERIAL
QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
Week 1

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Student’s Name

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Grade & Section

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Parent/Guardian’s Name Over Signature

CHRISTIAN RACEL R. PEJI

Mathematics Teacher

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Date

Finding the Degree of a Polynomial

 The degree of a polynomial is the degree of the term with the greatest degree.

Examples:
Identify the degree of each polynomial
1. 11x7 + 3x3
Since 7 is greater than 3,
7
11x : degree 7 the degree of the
3x3 : degree 3 polynomial is 7.

2. 3x4y2 – 2x2 + 5
4+2
4 2
3x y : degree 6
Since the greatest degree is 6
-2x2 : degree 2
the degree of the
5 : degree 0
polynomial is 6.
3. 5x2 + 4x + 3

5x2 : degree 2
4x : degree 1 Since the greatest degree is 2
3 : degree 0 the degree of the polynomial is 2.

4. 3x + 9
3x : degree 1 Since 1 is greater than 0,
9 : degree 0 the degree of the
polynomial is 1.

*Note: If the term is a constant (number only), its degree is 0.

If a variable appears to have no exponent, it really has an exponent of 1, giving it a

degree of 1. Example: 4x = 4x1, 3x = 3x1, 5y = 5y1, 6d = 6d1

Direction: Identify the degree of each polynomial. Write your answer on

Activity 1 the space provided before each number.

___ 1. 2x2 + 5x – 7 ___ 6. 16t2 + 600t + 7

___ 2. 4y + 2 ___ 7. x + x 2 + x3 + x4
___ 3. 8 ___ 8. 3x 5 + 2x7 + x3y6
___ 4. 5x5 + 8x4 – 7x2 ___ 9. 9 + 4y - y2
___ 5. 8x6 + x4y3 ___ 10. 8x

Quadratic Equation
 A quadratic equation in one variable is a mathematical sentence of
degree two that can be written in the following standard form:
ax2 + bx + c = 0
where, a, b and c are real numbers, a > 0, and a ≠ 0.

ax2 + bx + c =0

constant term
x2 term (quadratic term)
x term (linear term)
Additional notes
 A quadratic equation is an equation. It must have an equal sign (=).
x can be
 A quadratic equation must  have an x2 term (quadratic term)
replaced with
 A quadratic equation is not required to have an x term (linear term) any other letter
 A quadratic equation is not required to have a constant term
 The only other two term types that are allowed are linear term and constant term.
There should be NO x3 terms, no variables inside square roots, no variables in
denominators, and so on.

Examples:
1. 5x + 6 = 0 is not a quadratic equation because it does not have an x2 term (quadratic
term)
2. x2 – 5x + 8 = 0 is a quadratic equation because it has x2 term, x term (linear term),
and constant term.
3. x2 + 16 = 0 is a quadratic equation. Even if it does not have the linear term, it still has
the quadratic term and constant term. Having a linear term is not required for an
equation to be considered as quadratic.
4. x3 +5x – 9 = 0 is not a quadratic equation because of x3. A quadratic equation should
not have any other terms other than quadratic term, linear term, and constant term.
5. r2 + 16r + 64 = 0 is a quadratic equation. The equation has a quadratic term, linear
term, and constant term. The variable can be any other letter, letter can always be
substituted with any other letter.
6. 8w - w2 = 13 is a quadratic equation because it has a quadratic term, linear term, and
constant term
7. y2 + 6y = 0 is a quadratic equation. Even if it does not have the constant term, it still
has quadratic term and linear term. Having a constant term is not required for an
equation to be considered as quadratic.

Direction: Identify whether the equations given are quadratic or not

Activity 2 quadratic. If the equation is not quadratic, state the reason why it is
not.
Equation Quadratic or Not quadratic Explanation
1. 2m + 3 = 10 NOT QUADRATIC There is no quadratic term.
2. x2 – 5x + 8 = 0 QUADRATIC
3. 15 – 8x = 0
4. 4x4 = 12
5. 9 - 2a + 5a2 = 3
6. b2 -10b = 0
7. s2 + 9 = 0
Standard Form of Quadratic Equations
 The standard form of a quadratic equation is
ax2 + bx + c = 0. The terms should be arranged from the highest
degree going to the lowest degree.

Transforming equations into standard form is a very important skill that a

Mathematics 9 student must have to be able to solve complex problems in the upcoming
lessons.
To transform equations into standard form, there are different concepts that we may
use such as Addition Property of Equality (APE) and First – Outer – Inner – Last (FOIL)
Method.

Transforming Equations into Standard Form

Examples:
1. 6x2 + 3x = 16 is a quadratic equation not in standard form. To transform it into
standard form:

6x2 + 3x – 16 = 16 - 16 Transform the right side of the equation to zero

by using APE. (We subtracted 16 to both sides
6x2 + 3x – 16 = 0 of the equation so that the left side will be zero)
a b c
The standard form of the equation is 6x2 + 3x – 16 = 0, where
a = 6, b = 3 and c = -16

2. (3x + 2)(x + 4) = 0 is a quadratic equation not in standard form. To transform it into

standard form:

(3x + 2)(x + 4) = 0 Use FOIL Method.

(Multiply the terms connected by the lines)

3x2 + 12x + 2x + 8 = 0 Combine the similar terms (12x + 2x = 14x)

3x2 + 14x + 8 = 0

The standard form of the equation is 3x 2 + 14x + 8 = 0, where

a = 3, b = 14 and c = 8.

3. 5 + 3x – 4x2 = 0 is a quadratic equation not in standard form. To transform it into

standard form:

5 + 3x – 4x2 = 0 Since the equation is already equal to zero,

we will simply arrange the terms in proper order.
– 4x2 + 3x + 5 = 0

The standard form of the equation is -4x 2 + 3x + 5 = 0, where

a = -4, b = 3 and c = 5.

4. (x-5)2 = 0 is a quadratic equation not in standard form. To transform it into standard

form:
 (x-5)2 = 0 Expand the equation

(x-5)(x-5) = 0 Use FOIL Method

x2 - 5x – 5x + 25 = 0 Combine similar terms (-5x + -5x = -10x)

x2 – 10x + 25 = 0

The standard form of the equation is x2 - 10x + 25 = 0, where

a = 1, b = -10 and c = 25.

Direction: Transform each quadratic equation into standard form, then

Activity 3 identify the values of a, b, and c. Use a separate sheet of paper for your
solution. Three points will be given for each correct standard form with
solution and one point will be given for each correct value of a, b and c.

Standard form a b C
1. 5x + 2x2 = 9 2x2 + 5x – 9 = 0 2 5 -9
2. 8 – 3y2 = 6y
3. (x+1) (x+2) = 0 x2 + 3x + 2 = 0 1 3 2
4. (3x+2) (x-2) = 0
5. (x+7)2 = 0
6. 2t(t+2) = 21
7. (x-5)2 + 10 = 0
8. (2x+1)2 = 3

Solving quadratic equations by extracting square roots

Equations in the form x2 = c are the simplest form of quadratic equation. Examples of
this form are x2= 9, x2 = 16, and x2= 21. This can be the easiest type of quadratic equation
that can be solved, but this type of equation requires skill in identifying the square roots of
numbers.

To make sure that you will have the skill required to solve
Activity 4 quadratic equations by extracting square roots, complete first the
table below before proceeding to the next part of the
supplementary material.

1x1=1 √ 1 = ±1 6 x 6 = 36 √ 36 = ±6 11 x 11 = 121 √ 121 = ±11

2x2=4 7x7= 12 x 12 =

3x3=9 √ 9 = ±3 8x8= 13 x 13 =

4 x 4 = 16 9x9= 14 x 14 =

5x5= 10 x 10 = 15 x 15 =

Examples of solving quadratic equations by extracting square roots

1. x2 = 36

x2 = 36 To solve this equation, we will extract the

square roots of both sides
 x = ±6 The square root of x2 is x since (x)(x) = x2
The square root of 36 is ±6 since (6)(6) = 36; (-6)(-6) = 36

The answer is ±6. We can also represent it with x = 6 and x = -6.

2. x2 – 121 = 0 To solve for this equation using extracting of square

roots, we need to transform it first into x2 = c form.
x2 – 121 + 121 = 0 + 121 To transform it into ax2 = c, we will use APE by adding
+121 to both sides of the equation, this step will
remove -121 from the left side.
x2 = 121 Since it is already in the form ax2 = c, we can now
extract the square roots of both sides.

x = ±11 The square root of x2 is x and the square root of 121 is

±11

The answer is ±11. We can also represent it with x = 11 and x = -11

3. 3x2 = 27 To solve for this equation using extracting of square

roots, we need to transform it first into x2 = c form.
3x2 = 27 To transform it into ax2 = c, we will use Division
3 3 Property of Equality (DPE) by dividing both sides of the
equation by 3 which is the coefficient if x2.

x2 = 9 3x2 ÷ 3 = x2 and 27 ÷ 3 = 9

x2 = 9

x = ±3 The square root of x2 is x and the square root of 9 is ±3

The answer is ±3. We can also represent it with x = 3 and x = -3

4. (x - 4)2 = 64 It may not seem that the equation is in the form

x2 = c but it is.

(x - 4)2 = 64 Since it is already in the form ax2 = c, we can now

extract the square roots of both sides.
x – 4 = ±8 The square root of (x - 4)2 is x- 4 and the square root
of 64 is ±8
To proceed with the solution, we will separate +8 and – 8

x–4=8 x–4=-8

x – 4 +4 = 8 + 4 x – 4 +4 = - 8 + 4 Continue solving by using APE on both equations

x = 12 x = -4

The answers are 12 and -4

5. x2 = 17

x2 = 17 To solve this equation, we will extract the square roots

of both sides

x = ± 17 Since we do not have exact square root for 17,

we will consider + 17 and - 17 our answers.
 Direction: Solve for the value of variables in each quadratic equation by
Activity Extracting square roots. Use a separate sheet of paper for your solution.

5 Three points will be given to each correct solution.

1. x2 = 225
2. 4x2 = 36
3. x2 +10 = 26
4. (x +6)2 = 100
5. 2(x +3)2 = 18

Direction: In an essay consisting of 10 – 15 sentences, state the things

that you have experienced while studying how to transform quadratic
Activity equations into standard form and how to solve quadratic
equations using extracting of square roots. Use a separate sheet of
5 paper for your essay.

Output 1
Direction:
1. Copy the triangles below on a separate sheet of paper (construction paper or art paper).
Make sure that each triangle has the same size. You may use different colors for your
triangles.
2. Cut out the triangles.
3. Each triangle has a side with an equation not in standard form and an equation in standard
form. Attach the equation side of triangle to its corresponding standard form on the other
triangles.
4. Continue until all the triangles are connected.
5. Once done connecting the triangles,2 paste it on a short bond paper. 2
(x - 3) = 0 x + 6x + 9 = 0

x2 + 5x = 8 x2 + 5x – 8 = 0

2 (x + 3)2 = 0 (x + 3)(x + 5) = 0
x2 + 8x + 15 = 0 x + 5x + 8 = 0 3x2 - 6x + 15 = 0

x2 + 8x + 8 = 0

3x2 + 6x + 15 = 0 3x2 + 15 = - 6x