Course on Design of Steel Structures

Professor Damodar Maity

Department of Civil Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
Lecture 30
Module 6
Design Strength of Compressive Member

Hello, today I am going to discuss the calculation of the compressive strength of a

compression member. So in last lecture we have seen the strength calculation formula of the
compression member as per the IS code and we have seen this strength depends on three
main factors one is the yield stress of the material that means the material properties, then the
length of the member from which we can find out the slenderness ratio and because of
buckling the reduction of the strength occurs and then another is imperfection factor which
depends on the buckling class of the member.

So three factors are introduced in the design strength calculation of the compressive member,
these three factors are the slenderness ratio, then buckling class and the material properties
that is yield strength. So based on that the formula has been derived which is basically similar
to the British code. And today I am going to solve a workout example through which we will
understand that the formulas that are used in the IS code, how to make use of those while
calculating the compressive strength of a compression member.

(Refer Slide Time: 2:10)

Example: Determine the design axial load on the column section ISMB 400, given that the
height of the column is 3.5 m and that it is pin-ended. Also assume the following:
�� = 250 N/mm2, �� = 410 N/mm2; E = 2×105 N/mm2

(Refer Slide Time: 2:46)

Solution:

That means from this what we could see that ISMB 400 members are used. So from this we
can find out what is the buckling class where ISMB 400 we know the thickness of the
member that means thickness of the flange, width of the flange and the depth of the cross
section those things we know, so from this we can find out the buckling class then another
thing we can find out that is the slenderness ratio, slenderness ratio here the length is given
3.5 meter.

So we know the radius of gyration of the section ISMB 400, so from that, we can find out
slenderness ratio ofcourse the slenderness ratio to find out slenderness ratio we have to know
the effective length. So effective length depends on the end connections, here ends are
connected by pin-end joint, so effective length here will be will not be reduced that will be 1
into 3.5 because here K will be 1 as per the IS code, right.

So one is buckling class then slenderness ratio and grade of steel fu means fe250. So fy value
is 250 it was given. So based on these three we can find out the value of fcd.
(Refer Slide Time: 4:30)

Properties of ISMB 400 [Table I SP: 6(1)-1964]

Depth of section, h = 400 mm

Flange thickness, �� = 16 mm

Thickness of web, �� = 8.9 mm

Flange width, b = 140 mm

Cross-sectional area, A = 7846 mm2

�� = 161.5 mm, �� = 28.2 mm

(Refer Slide Time: 5:24)

 a) Buckling curve classification (Table 10, IS 800 :2007):

h 400
= =2.86>1.2 ; t f =16 mm<40 mm
b 140

Hence, we should use buckling curve ‘a’ about z-z axis and ‘b’ about y-y axis.

So z-z axis means if this is the I section this is called z-z, this is z-z and this is y-y, right. So
about z-z axis, it is class a, about y-y axis it is class b, as per the table 10 definition. The
buckling curve classification has been defined in table 10 from which we can take the class a
or class b.

(Refer Slide Time: 6:56)

b) Effective length:

Since both ends are pinned effective length, K L y =K Lz=3.5 m

c) Non-dimensional slenderness ratio:(7.1.2.1 of IS 800 :2007)

About z-z axis: α =0.21 [Table 7, IS 800:2007]

√(
λ z= √ f y /f cc = f y
K Lz 2 2
rz ) /(π E)

√
2
3500

¿ 250 ×
( 161.5 )
2
π ×2× 10 5
¿ 0.2439
(Refer Slide Time: 8:39)

ϕ=0.5 [ 1+α ( λ−0.2 )+ λ ]

2

¿ 0.5 [ 1+ 0.21 ( 0.2439−0.2 ) +0.24392 ]=¿ 0.534

f y /γ m0
f cd =
ϕ+[ ϕ2 −λ2 ]0.5

250/1.1
¿ =225.2 N/mm2
0.534 +[0.534 2−0.24392 ]0.5

(Refer Slide Time: 10:45)

About y-y axis: � = 0.34 [Table 7, IS 800:2007]

 √(
λY = √ f y /f cc = f y
K Ly 2 2
ry ) /(π E)

√
¿ 250×
3500 2 2
(
28.2 )
/(π ×2 ×10 5)

¿ 1.3968

(Refer Slide Time: 12:12)

ϕ=0.5 [ 1+α ( λ−0.2 )+ λ2 ]

¿ 0.5 [ 1+ 0.34 ( 1.3968−0.2 )+1.3968 2 ]=¿ 1.679

(Refer Slide Time: 12:50)

 f y /γ m0
f cd = 2 2 0.5
ϕ+[ ϕ −λ ]

250
1.1
¿ 0.5
1.679+ [ 1.6792 −1.39682 ]

¿ 87.06 N/mm2

So the design compressive stress will be taken as 87.06 because it will fail about y-y axis
first.

The same may be obtained by using Table 9b of IS 800:2007.

K L y 3500
Thus, for = =124.11 and f y =¿ 250 Mpa, from Table 9b,
ry 28.2

91.7−81
We get f cd =91.7− × 4.11=87.3 N/mm2
10

(Refer Slide Time: 14:11)

The design strength,

−3
Pd =7846 ×87.06 ×10

¿ 683.07 kN
So this is how we can find out the design compressive strength of the member, right.

(Refer Slide Time: 15:23)

So using the formula we can find out the design compressive strength of the member of the
given member and we could see that about y-y axis it is going to fail first that means y-y axis
is the weaker section and the same can be made by the use of table 9, means in place of
calculation of all these by fcd we simply can find out using table 9 from where fcd we can
get.

(Refer Slide Time: 18:07)

Example: Calculate the compressive strength of a compound column consisting of ISHB 250
@ 54.7 kg/m with one cover plate of 300×16 mm on each flange (as shown in the figure) and
having a length of 4 m. Assume that the bottom of the column is fixed and the top is hinged
and �� = 250 N/mm2

y Cover plate-300×16

ISHB 250
z z
125 mm

16 mm
y

So here the cover plate of 300 by 16 are used in both the flange, right, and the columns cross
sections is ISHB 250 at 54.7.

(Refer Slide Time: 19:05)

Solution:

Properties of ISHB 250 @ 54.7 kg/m [Table I SP:6(1)-1964]

C/S area, A = 6971 mm2
 I zz =¿ 7983.9 ×104 mm4
I yy =¿ 2011.7 ×104 mm4

t f =9.7 mm
(Refer Slide Time: 20:26)

a) Determination the radii of gyration for the compound section:

I z for plates ¿ 2 [ I a + A p y 21 ]

¿2 [ 300 ×16 3
12
+300 ×16 × (125+ 8 )
2
]
¿ 17001.92×10 4 mm4

Total I z=7983.9 ×10 4+17001.92× 104

¿ 24985.82× 104 mm4

(Refer Slide Time: 21:38)

Area of the built-up section ¿ 6971+2× 300× 16

¿ 16571 mm2

r z=
√ √
Iz
A
=
24985.82× 104
16571
=122.79 mm

3
I y of plates ¿ 2× 16 × 300 =7200× 104 mm4
12

Total I y =2011.7 ×10 4 +7200 ×104 =9211.7 × 104 mm4

r y=
√ √
Iy
A
=
9211.7 ×10 4
16571
=74.56 mm

∴r min =74.56 mm

(Refer Slide Time: 23:53)

b) Buckling curve classification:

From Table 10 of IS 800:2007, for built up section buckling class, is ‘c’ about any axis.

c) Design strength:

The effective length of the column (Table 11 of IS 800:2007)

3
¿ 0.8 L=0.8 × 4 ×10 =3200 mm

KL 3200
∴ λ= = =42.92
r min 74.56

From table 9c of IS 800:2007, for f y =¿ 250 MPa and λ=¿ 42.92

198−183
f cd =198− ×2.92=193.62 N/mm2
10

Hence, design strength ¿ 193.62× 16571×10−3

¿ 3208.48 kN

Therefore we do not need to calculate f cd value for both the direction, because the buckling
class is the same for both the direction. So we will consider r minimum in which direction it
is coming, the r minimum will be the failure criteria. So we will straight calculate the r
minimum value and then we will find out λ and then according to buckling class we will find
out the fcd value and once we get f cd value we can find out the value of compressive force
which can be carried by that particular member.
So this is how we can calculate the compressive strength and compressive force of a
compression member using IS 800:2007, ok this is all about the calculation of compressive
strength of the member, thank you.