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Gas Laws: CE 314 - Engineering Utilities 2: Basic Mechanical Engineering

This document summarizes several gas laws: - Ideal gas law relates pressure, volume, temperature, and amount of gas. Real gases approximate ideal behavior at low density and high temperature. - Boyle's law states that pressure and volume of gas are inversely proportional at constant temperature. - Charles's law describes how gas volume increases with temperature at constant pressure. - Gay-Lussac's law specifies that gas pressure increases directly with temperature at constant volume. - Avogadro's law relates that equal volumes of gas contain equal numbers of molecules at equal temperature and pressure.

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66 views9 pages

Gas Laws: CE 314 - Engineering Utilities 2: Basic Mechanical Engineering

This document summarizes several gas laws: - Ideal gas law relates pressure, volume, temperature, and amount of gas. Real gases approximate ideal behavior at low density and high temperature. - Boyle's law states that pressure and volume of gas are inversely proportional at constant temperature. - Charles's law describes how gas volume increases with temperature at constant pressure. - Gay-Lussac's law specifies that gas pressure increases directly with temperature at constant volume. - Avogadro's law relates that equal volumes of gas contain equal numbers of molecules at equal temperature and pressure.

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Melanie Love Pjr Alcantara
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GAS LAWS

CE 314 - Engineering Utilities 2: Basic Mechanical Engineering

MELANIE LOVE P. ALCANTARA ENGR. DENNIS E. GANAS


Ideal Gas
• A theoretical gas composed of many randomly moving point particles that are not subject
to interparticle interactions. The ideal gas concept is useful because it obeys the ideal gas law,
a simplified equation of state, and is amenable to analysis under statistical mechanics.
• An extension of experimentally discovered gas laws. It can also be derived from
microscopic considerations.
• Real fluids at low density and high temperature approximate the behavior of a classical
ideal gas. However, at lower temperatures or a higher density, a real fluid deviates strongly
from the behavior of an ideal gas, particularly as it condenses from a gas into a liquid or as
it deposits from a gas into a solid. This deviation is expressed as a compressibility factor.
Boyle's Law
• An experimental gas law that describes how the pressure of a gas tends to
increase as the volume of the container decreases. It is named after the chemist
and physicist Robert Boyle.
• A modern statement of Boyle's law is: "The absolute pressure exerted by a
given mass of an ideal gas is inversely proportional to the volume it occupies if
the temperature and amount of gas remain unchanged within a closed system."
• According to this law : If a fixed amount of ideal gas is kept at a fixed
temperature, the pressure (P) and volume (V) are inversely proportional, that is,
when one doubles, the other is reduced by half.
Charle's Law
• also known as the law of volumes, is an experimental gas law that
describes how gases tend to expand when heated.
• A modern statement of Charles's law is: "When the pressure on a
sample of a dry gas is held constant, the Kelvin temperature and the
volume will be in direct proportion."
• This law describes how a gas expands as the temperature increases;
conversely, a decrease in temperature will lead to a decrease in volume.
Gay-Lussac's Law
• a gas law which states that the pressure exerted by a gas (of a given
mass and kept at a constant volume) varies directly with the absolute
temperature of the gas. In other words, the pressure exerted by a gas is
proportional to the temperature of the gas when the mass is fixed and
the volume is constant.
• From the graph, it can be understood that the pressure of a gas (kept
at constant volume) reduces constantly as it is cooled until the gas
eventually undergoes condensation and becomes a liquid.
Avogadro's Law
• sometimes referred to as Avogadro's hypothesis or Avogadro's principle, is an
experimental gas law relating the volume of a gas to the amount of substance of
gas present.[1] The law is a specific case of the ideal gas law.
• A modern statement of Avogadro's law states that "equal volumes of all gases,
at the same temperature and pressure, have the same number of molecules."
• For a given mass of an ideal gas, the volume and amount (moles) of the gas
are directly proportional if the temperature and pressure are constant.
• hypothesized that two given samples of an ideal gas, of the same volume and
at the same temperature and pressure, contain the same number of molecules.
Dalton's Law
• also called Dalton's law of partial
pressures. This empirical law was observed by John
Dalton in 1801 and published in 1802.[2] Dalton's law is
related to the ideal gas laws.
• It states that the total pressure exerted by a mixture
of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures
exerted by each individual gas in the mixture.
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References: https://mocomi.com/what-is-boyles-law/

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