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Guidelines in Writing Chapter 1 2 For Proposal

This document provides guidance on writing chapters 1 and 2 for a research proposal. For chapter 1, it outlines what should be included in the preliminary pages, title, abstract, and chapter sections on the problem background, statement of the problem, hypotheses, significance, scope and limitations, and definition of terms. For chapter 2, it describes what a review of related literature should entail, including the number and types of sources, thematic presentation, and inclusion of a synthesis. It also addresses writing a theoretical or conceptual framework section to define the key concepts and their relationships for the study.

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Bernard A. Esto
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37 views

Guidelines in Writing Chapter 1 2 For Proposal

This document provides guidance on writing chapters 1 and 2 for a research proposal. For chapter 1, it outlines what should be included in the preliminary pages, title, abstract, and chapter sections on the problem background, statement of the problem, hypotheses, significance, scope and limitations, and definition of terms. For chapter 2, it describes what a review of related literature should entail, including the number and types of sources, thematic presentation, and inclusion of a synthesis. It also addresses writing a theoretical or conceptual framework section to define the key concepts and their relationships for the study.

Uploaded by

Bernard A. Esto
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Writing Chapter 1 FOR PROPOSAL

(some notes were based from Dr. J. Cleofas)

Topic Outline
• Preliminary pages
• How to write Chapter 1

Preliminary Pages
• Title
• Abstract
• Table of Contents
• List of Tables
• List of Figures

Title
• Should not have more than 21 words
• Should contain the variables/ phenomenon examined in the study
• Should contain population and/or research locale (locale is the place of study)
• Should give at least a clue on what the research design is
• Should include the intended product or output should there be one

Title Examples
• Parental Involvement as a Predictor of Academic Motivation among
Grade 4 Students of Caloocan High School
• Towards a Model of Moral Leadership among Principals in Selected
PAASCU Accredited Schools
• Towards the Development of Biblical-Based Science Manuals for Grade
6 Students: A Delphi Study
Title Examples
Proposal Title:
• Lived Experiences of Parents of Children with Dyslexia
Final Title:
• Co-Writing Their Lives: A Phenomenological Study of Parents of
Children with Dyslexia

Abstract
• 150 to 250 Words
• No Citation (own words of researcher)

• Proposal Abstract:
Should include the Introduction, Objectives and Methodology only.
• Final Abstract: Introduction, Objectives, Methods, Results and Discussion,
Recommendation
Chapter 1:
The Problem and Its Background (Background of the Study)
Statement of the Problem
Hypothesis/Assumptions
Significance of the Study
Scope and Limitation
Definition of Terms

Background of the Study (include the topics about: )


• Social/Cultural/Historical Relevance of the topic of interest
• Policies and Declarations about the topic
• Statistics about the topic, like if you are talking about teenage pregnancy, how
many teenage pregnant are there globally, regionally (Asia), national (country) or
locally (town/City)
• Theoretical Relevance of the topic of interest
• Contribution to the discipline
• Brief discussion of the phenomenon/variables and their relationships
• Rationalizing for the theory & methods chosen
• Personal Relevance of the study and topic of interest
• Describe the reason why you were moved to do this study

• Notes:

1. The background of the study will give the reader the reasons why you are studying it.
It is important to cite the problems written in the literatures that will support why there is
a need to study this subject.

2. information shared under background of the study are not your claims (like about
policies, declarations, opinions from other authors, institutional sources and statistics)
and should all NEED TO BE CITED AND REFERENCED

3. Please follow the guideline in writing the background of the study. You can only
come up with only 7 paragraphs:
• Paragraph 1- introduces the problem and explaining dependent variables in
researcher’s own words; it gives the reader an idea of what is the study in
general
• Paragraph 2 & 3-shows the existing of a problem (referring to DV); include
statistics, previous studies with the following organization: global or world data
about the DV, Regional or Asian studies about the problem, Countries and
Specific, Philippines, region, province and towns
• Paragraph 4- Explains the rationale or significance of the study and its historical
background
• Paragraph 5 &6- Cite causes, factors, determinants contributing to the problem;
Cite IV’s contribution to the problem;
• Paragraph 7- express desire to have a deeper and clearer understanding of a
situation, circumstances or phenomenon

Statement of the Problem: (follow guideline on how to write below. The number of the
problem will depend on how many variables will you have)

Example for non-experimental (like in quantitative study)


What is the level of resilience of the respondents in terms of
a. Confidence
b. Self-awareness? (these variables will depend on the theory or a questionnaire
that you used)

Hypothesis
• A statement of the assumed statistical relationships/difference/prediction/effects
between variables. We write null hypothesis. Example: There is no relationship
between the sleep pattern and academic excellence.

Significance of the Study


• Identifying the people/groups/institutions that will benefit from the study and stating the
potential benefits that they would gain from it
• Arrange the beneficiaries logically
Example: How will the study important to students, administrators, profession,
community

Scope and Limitation


• 1st Paragraph: Scope (what is included)
• 2nd Paragraph: Limitation (what is not included; constraints; pitfalls; study
characteristics that can potentially introduce bias or faulty results)
• Ask for WHAT (conceptual), HOW (methodological), WHO (sampling), WHERE
(locale/context) and WHEN (study duration)

Definition of Terms
• Conceptual vs. Operational Definition • What should be defined: •
Variables/Phenomenon • Sub-variables/constructs • Sample • Other important words
found in your title • Alphabetically arranged

Writing Chapter 2 FOR PROPOSAL


Review of Related Literature (RRL)
• Should have at least 50 for Bachelor Degrees; 75 (MA); 100 (PhD)
sources
• 50% primary sources (actual research studies) • 30% secondary sources
(research reviews)
• 20% tertiary sources (textbooks, webpages)
• Should be up to date (five years from expected year of graduation) à
unless the paper is classic and there is a dearth in recent literature
• Presentation should be thematized. Themes of presentation is based on:
• the variables phenomenon of interest
• Dependent first
• Independent
• Assumed relationships
• the intervention if any
• the context
• the intended output if any.

• RRL is NOT an annotated bibliography


• Presentation of research per theme should be an intelligent mix and
match, using transition devices to show inter analysis of the contents of the
different studies/articles
• Read and take notes first. Identify the literatures that should come
together and rewrite them; make a story
• Do not just copy paste
• RRL should attempt to answer the research question
• Include introductory paragraph: sections + sources
• Paraphrase or summarize in your own words, and then cite the source
• Only do direct quotation for sources which are declarations, definitions
that cannot be paraphrased
• Different presentation for short quotes and long quotes (more than 40
words) • Citation of direct quotes require page number
• At the end of the literature, there should be a one page SYNTHESIS •
Summary of research findings per theme
• Compare and contrast findings. Focus on the areas which have
inconsistent findings • Present the data gap: • Conceptual data gap •
Methodological data gap • Cultural/Contextual data gap • Situate your study in
the body of literature: which of the identified gaps will your study address?

Theoretical/Conceptual Framework
• Acquaints the reader with the boundaries of the concepts that you will be
measuring/describing in your study • Some research will present only theoretical;
some only conceptual; and others both
• Begins with a theoretical or conceptual paradigm à illustrative
representation of the concepts to examined in the study
• Then a textual explanation of each concept and the relationships and the
paradigm
• Theoretical/Conceptual/Operational Framework or Philosophical
Underpinning

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