Questionnaire Questions

Data was collected by means of an assessment questionnaire which consisted of three

sections (profiles):
i. Demographic Profile; related to demographic characteristics – age group, sex,
ethnicity.

ii. Clinical parameter Profile; for assessment of clinical measurements - BMI, blood
sugar levels and blood pressure.

iii. Knowledge assessment and Risk factor Profile ; to assess the two cardiovascular risk
factors (hypertension and Diabetes) – physical exercise, diet, smoking; and
Preventive strategies for cardiovascular disease

The College of Nursing Public Health Clinical students would like you to complete this
survey to assess diabetes knowledge among UND staff and faculty. Please answer the
questions (without doing research) to aid the Work Well program with future
programming and outreach.

1. Which ethnicity is at the highest risk for Type 2 Diabetes?

White/Caucasian

Native American

African American

Hispanic

Asian

3. What is considered a normal fasting blood glucose level?

 126-140 mg/dL

70-99 mg/dL

100-125 mg/dL

25-40 mg/dL

4. What type of diabetes can be prevented or managed through lifestyle changes?

Type 1 Diabetes

Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes Insipidus

All of the above

Question Title

5. Which of the following can alter a person's blood glucose levels? (Select all that you think apply)

Activity/exercise

Diet

Climate

Stress level

Gender

Alcohol

Education level

Question Title

6. To help prevent Type 2 Diabetes what is the recommended amount of daily exercise?

one hour

15 minutes

30 minutes
 2 hours

Question Title

7. What age group is most affected by Type 2 diabetes in North Dakota?

under 40 years old

40-49 years old

50-59 years old

Greater than 60 years old

9. Which of the following are complications of diabetes? (Select all that you think apply)

Delayed wound healing

Brittle bones

Kidney failure

Nerve problems

Hearing problems

Vision loss

Joint degeneration

Heart failure

Question Title

10. Do you know anyone that has been diagnosed with diabetes or prediabetes?

Yes

No

11. Which of the following BMI (body mass index) levels is considered obese?

30

22

28
Question Title

12. True or False: High blood pressure is a risk factor for diabetes.

True

False

Question Title

13. True or False: Smoking is a risk factor for Type 2 diabetes.

True

False

Question Title

14. True or False: Insulin injections can be used for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes.

True

False

Have you been told you have any complications of diabetes affecting your

Eyes (retinopathy)

Kidneys (proteinuria or nephropathy)

Nerves or feet (neuropathy)

Heart (heart attack or blocked heart arteries)

Slowed digestion (gastroparesis)

Blocked arteries in your legs (PAD)

No Don’t know

Diet

What type of diet do you follow?

No particular diet Try to watch portions, starches and sweets

Exchange diet Strict carbohydrate counting

“Guestimate” carbohydrate counting Other diet

How well do you do at following this diet?

Very well Some days better than others Fair Not very well

Heart disease risks

I have had heart attack, heart stents or heart bypass surgery.

  Patients are often in denial when they are told that they have hypertension. Some make up
convincing excuses on why their pressure is high. The most common excuse is that they are
not getting any symptoms. We all should know by now that hypertension is called the “silent
killer,” because it may not cause any symptoms.

Blood pressure is the amount of force that blood exerts on the walls of the arteries as it flows
through them. When this pressure reaches high levels, it can lead to serious health problems.

Did you know that heart diseases account for 32% of total deaths caused in Guyana? Or that
Coronary heart disease with an age adjusted rate of 207.86 per 100,000 population ranks
Guyana #24 in the world? These shocking statistics are from the latest WHO data published in
2017 on Guyana’s health profile.

Today we will discuss some important facts about hypertension with the hope that it can be
taken more seriously.

 Ms. Dyal’s grandfather died of a heart attack in Guyana. She believes he would be alive
today if there had been adequate awareness of cardiovascular diseases. Her father, a
pharmacist, exposed her to the untapped potential of pharmacists’ screening for
noncommunicable diseases.
High blood pressure, also called hypertension, is a major risk factor
for heart disease, kidney disease, stroke, and heart failure.

Blood pressure is the amount of force that blood

exerts on the walls of the arteries as it flows
through them. When this pressure reaches high
levels, it can lead to serious health problems.

The heart is a muscle that pumps blood around the body.

It pumps blood with low oxygen levels toward the lungs, which replenish
oxygen supplies.
 The heart then pumps oxygen-rich blood around the body to supply the
muscles and cells. This pumping action creates pressure.

If a person has high blood pressure, it means that the walls of the arteries are
constantly under too much force.

Your heart is one of your body's most important organs. Essentially a pump, the heart is
a muscle made up of four chambers separated by valves and divided into two halves.
This oxygen provides your body with energy and is essential to keep your body healthy.

The general term used to cover malfunctions of the heart is Heart Disease, or
sometimes Cardiac Disease ("Cardiac" is a Latin term for the heart). Though there are
multiple forms of heart disease, our discussion focuses on the two most common:
Heart Attack and Heart Failure. This document is designed to teach you about heart
attacks and heart failure: what causes these diseases, what forms these diseases take,
and what can be done to treat these diseases when they occur. As both of these
diseases are to some extent avoidable, we have also provided a discussion of
preventative steps you can take to decrease your chances of having to deal with heart
disease, or to minimize the negative effects of existing heart disease.

Although heart disease can occur in different forms, there is a common set of core risk
factors that influence whether someone will ultimately be at risk for heart disease or
not. We start our discussion of heart disease by describing these common risk factors,
and then move on to cover specific conditions.

There are many factors that can increase your risk of getting heart disease. Some of
these factors are out of your control, but many of them can be avoided by choosing to
live a healthy lifestyle. Some of the risk factors you cannot control are:

 Gender: Men have a greater risk than women for developing heart disease. Men
also are at greater risk of having a heart attack at a younger age. Unfortunately, these
facts often mislead women into believing that they are not at risk for heart disease. This
is not true; heart disease is the number one killer of women (just like men). Women and
men should both take steps to prevent heart disease.
 Age: Simply put, the older you get, the greater risk you run for developing heart
disease. It is estimated that four out of five individuals who die of coronary heart
disease are 65 years of age or older. Further, at older ages women are much more likely
to have a fatal heart attack than men.
 Family History: A family history of heart disease, high blood pressure
(hypertension), and diabetes increases the chance you will develop heart disease.
People with biological relatives who have heart attacks at a young age (i.e., less than
fifty-five years old) are considered to have a "strong" family history of heart disease and
are at much higher individual risk.
A person's family history of heart disease risk factors may also be affected by their
ethnic background. For example, African Americans have a higher rate of hypertension.
Since having uncontrolled high blood pressure increases an individual's chance of
developing heart disease, African Americans tend to have a higher risk of developing
heart disease. While your family background is not a certain indication that you will get
heart disease, it can greatly increase your chances.

Fortunately, there are many other risk factors for heart disease that can be addressed by
lifestyle habits and regular preventative medical care. Some of the more controllable risk
factors include:

INTRO 1

Over 60 million Americans have hypertension of some sort.  The problem with this is half of
them don’t even know it because hypertension has no symptoms.  Only extreme hypertension
has symptoms.  This poses a problem with therapy because when patients are treated with
medications, they typically feel worse cause of the side effects and think the medication is not
worth it.  Educating the patient is very important in this case so they understand the problem
with not being compliant.  The other half that know they have hypertension, only half of them
actually seek medication because there are no symptoms.  And from those people who do seek
medication, only half are actually compliant with their medication.

INTRO 2

Your heart is one of your body's most important organs. Essentially a pump, the heart is
a muscle made up of four chambers separated by valves and divided into two halves.
This oxygen provides your body with energy and is essential to keep your body
healthy.The general term used to cover malfunctions of the heart is Heart Disease, or
sometimes Cardiac Disease ("Cardiac" is a Latin term for the heart). Though there are
multiple forms of heart disease, our discussion focuses on the two most common:
Heart Attack and Heart Failure. This document is designed to teach you about heart
attacks and heart failure: what causes these diseases, what forms these diseases take,
and what can be done to treat these diseases when they occur. As both of these
diseases are to some extent avoidable, we have also provided a discussion of
preventative steps you can take to decrease your chances of having to deal with heart
disease, or to minimize the negative effects of existing heart disease.

INTRO 3

Patients are often in denial when they are told that they have hypertension. Some make up
convincing excuses on why their pressure is high. The most common excuse is that they are not
getting any symptoms. We all should know by now that hypertension is called the “silent killer,”
because it may not cause any symptoms. Today we will discuss some important facts about
hypertension with the hope that it can be taken more seriously.

INTRO 4

Hypertension causes stroke (cerebral infarction, cerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoidal

hemorrhage), heart disease (coronary artery disease, cardiac hypertrophy, heart
failure), kidney disease (nephrosclerosis) and macrovascular disease. Therefore, the
primary objective of the JSH 2014 is to present standard treatment to prevent the
onset/progression of hypertensive complications of the brain/heart/kidney through the
management of hypertension.