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Md. Musfiqur Rahman Milton: Lecturer, CSE Baiust

The document discusses resolving forces into rectangular components along perpendicular x and y axes. It defines rectangular components as components along the x and y axes when the parallelogram used to resolve the force is a rectangle. It provides the equations to calculate the angle of a force given its rectangular components and to calculate the magnitude of a force given its rectangular components. It also discusses adding forces by summing their x and y components, the equilibrium of particles, free body diagrams, and approaches for solving static equilibrium problems involving more than 3 forces.

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53 views

Md. Musfiqur Rahman Milton: Lecturer, CSE Baiust

The document discusses resolving forces into rectangular components along perpendicular x and y axes. It defines rectangular components as components along the x and y axes when the parallelogram used to resolve the force is a rectangle. It provides the equations to calculate the angle of a force given its rectangular components and to calculate the magnitude of a force given its rectangular components. It also discusses adding forces by summing their x and y components, the equilibrium of particles, free body diagrams, and approaches for solving static equilibrium problems involving more than 3 forces.

Uploaded by

adiba adib
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Md.

Musfiqur Rahman Milton


Lecturer, CSE
BAIUST
3
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RECTANGULAR COMPONENTS OF A FORCE

In many problems it will be found desirable to resolve a force into two


components which are perpendicular to each other. In the figure below, the
force F has been resolved into a component Fx along the x axis and a
component Fy along the y axis. The parallelogram drawn to obtain the two
components is a rectangle, and Fx and Fy are called rectangular
components.

The x and y axes are usually chosen horizontal and vertical, respectively
and they may, however, be chosen in any two perpendicular directions

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θ θ

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When a force F is defined by its rectangular components Fx and Fy , the
angle θ defining its direction can be obtained by writing

Fy
tan  
Fx

The magnitude F of the force can be obtained by applying the Pythagorean


theorem and writing

F  Fx 2  Fy 2

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ADDITION OF FORCES BY SUMMING X AND Y COMPONENTS

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EQUILIBRIUM OF A PARTICLE

When the resultant of all the forces acting on a particle is zero, the particle is
in equilibrium

A particle which is acted upon by two forces will be in equilibrium if the two
forces have the same magnitude and the same line of action but opposite
sense. The resultant of the two forces is then zero.

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Four forces are acting on A. The
resultant of the given forces is determined by the
polygon rule. Starting from point O with F1 and
arranging the forces in tip-to-tail fashion, we find
that the tip of F4 coincides with the starting point
O. Thus the resultant R of the given system of
forces is zero, and the particle is in equilibrium.
The closed polygon drawn provides a
graphical expression of the equilibrium of A. To
express algebraically the conditions for the
equilibrium of a particle, we write

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NEWTON’S FIRST LAW OF MOTION

If the resultant force acting on a particle is zero, the particle will remain at
rest (if originally at rest) or will move with constant speed in a straight line (if
originally in motion).

From this law and from the definition of equilibrium, it is seen that a particle in
equilibrium either is at rest or is moving in a straight line with constant speed.

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PROBLEMS INVOLVING THE EQUILIBRIUM OF A PARTICLE.
FREE-BODY DIAGRAMS

In practice, a problem in engineering mechanics is derived from an


actual physical situation. A sketch showing the physical conditions of the
problem is known as a space diagram.
A large number of problems involving actual structures, however,
can be reduced to problems concerning the equilibrium of a particle. This is
done by choosing a significant particle and drawing a separate diagram
showing this particle and all the forces acting on it. Such a diagram is called
a free-body diagram.

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A 75-kg crate shown in the
space diagram is supported by a vertical
cable, which is joined at A to two ropes
which pass over pulleys attached to the
buildings at B and C. It is desired to
determine the tension in each of the
ropes AB and AC.
In order to solve this problem, a
free-body diagram showing a particle in
equilibrium must be drawn. Since we are
interested in the rope tensions, the free-
body diagram should include at least one
of these tensions or, if possible, both
tensions. Point A is seen to be a good
free body for this problem. The free-body
diagram of point A is shown in Fig. b. It
shows point A and the forces exerted on
A by the vertical cable and the two ropes.
The force exerted by the cable is directed
downward, and its magnitude is equal to
the weight W of the crate.
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Case 1: If only three forces are involved in the free-body diagram, the rest
of the solution is best carried out by drawing these forces in tip-to-tail
fashion to form a force triangle. This triangle can be solved graphically or
by trigonometry for no more than two unknowns.
Case 2: If more than three forces are involved, an analytic solution can
be obtained.
• select x and y axes and resolve each of the forces shown in the
free-body diagram into x and y components.
• Expressing that the sum of the x components and the sum of the y
components of all the forces are both zero
• obtain two equations which you can solve for no more than two
unknowns
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