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William Stallings Computer Organization and Architecture

The document introduces concepts of computer architecture and organization, noting that architecture refers to attributes visible to programmers like instruction sets while organization refers to implementation details. It discusses how architecture provides code compatibility while organization differs between versions. The document also outlines the functional view of computers involving data processing, storage, movement, and control.

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Durjoyhasan Sharif
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64 views

William Stallings Computer Organization and Architecture

The document introduces concepts of computer architecture and organization, noting that architecture refers to attributes visible to programmers like instruction sets while organization refers to implementation details. It discusses how architecture provides code compatibility while organization differs between versions. The document also outlines the functional view of computers involving data processing, storage, movement, and control.

Uploaded by

Durjoyhasan Sharif
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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William Stallings

Computer Organization
and Architecture

Chapter 1
Introduction
Architecture & Organization 1

❚ Architecture is those attributes visible to the


programmer
❙ Instruction set, number of bits used for data
representation, I/O mechanisms, addressing
techniques.
❙ e.g. Is there a multiply instruction?
❚ Organization is how features are implemented
❙ Control signals, interfaces, memory technology.
❙ e.g. Is there a hardware multiply unit or is it done by
repeated addition?
Architecture & Organization 2

❚ All Intel x86 family share the same basic


architecture
❚ The IBM System/370 family share the same
basic architecture

❚ This gives code compatibility


❙ At least backwards
❚ Organization differs between different versions
Structure & Function

❚ Structure is the way in which components relate


to each other
❚ Function is the operation of individual
components as part of the structure
Function

❚ All computer functions are:


❙ Data processing
❙ Data storage
❙ Data movement
❙ Control
Functional view

❚ Functional view of a computer


Data
Storage
Facility

Data
Control
Movement
Mechanism
Apparatus

Data
Processing
Facility
Operations (1)

❚ Data movement
❙ e.g. keyboard to screen
Data
Storage
Facility

Data
Control
Movement
Mechanism
Apparatus

Data
Processing
Facility
Operations (2)

❚ Storage
❙ e.g. Internet download to disk
Data
Storage
Facility

Data
Control
Movement
Mechanism
Apparatus

Data
Processing
Facility
Operation (3)

❚ Processing from/to storage


❙ e.g. updating bank statement
Data
Storage
Facility

Data
Control
Movement
Mechanism
Apparatus

Data
Processing
Facility
Operation (4)

❚ Processing from storage to I/O


❙ e.g. printing a bank statement
Data
Storage
Facility

Data
Control
Movement
Mechanism
Apparatus

Data
Processing
Facility
Structure - Top Level

Peripherals Computer

Central Main
Processing Memory
Unit

Computer
Systems
Interconnection

Input
Output
Communication
lines
Structure - The CPU

CPU

Computer Arithmetic
Registers and
I/O Login Unit
System CPU
Bus
Internal CPU
Memory Interconnection

Control
Unit
Structure - The Control Unit

Control Unit

CPU
Sequencing
ALU Login
Control
Internal
Unit
Bus
Control Unit
Registers Registers and
Decoders

Control
Memory
Outline of the Book (1)

❚ Computer Evolution and Performance


❚ Computer Interconnection Structures
❚ Internal Memory
❚ External Memory
❚ Input/Output
❚ Operating Systems Support
❚ Computer Arithmetic
❚ Instruction Sets
Outline of the Book (2)

❚ CPU Structure and Function


❚ Reduced Instruction Set Computers
❚ Superscalar Processors
❚ Control Unit Operation
❚ Microprogrammed Control
❚ Multiprocessors and Vector Processing
❚ Digital Logic (Appendix)
Internet Resources
- Web site for book

❚ http://www.shore.net/~ws/COA5e.html
❙ links to sites of interest
❙ links to sites for courses that use the book
❙ errata list for book
❙ information on other books by W. Stallings
Internet Resources
- Web sites to look for

❚ WWW Computer Architecture Home Page


❚ CPU Info Center
❚ ACM Special Interest Group on Computer
Architecture
❚ IEEE Technical Committee on Computer
Architecture
❚ Intel Technology Journal
❚ Manufacturer’s sites
❙ Intel, IBM, etc.
Internet Resources
- Usenet News Groups

❚ comp.arch
❚ comp.arch.arithmetic
❚ comp.arch.storage

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