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HPLP311 - Murakami 11.17 Fissures in the center of

a rectangular thin section which prevents a uniform
heat flow in isotropic medium

Summary:

It is about an isotropic linear thermoelastic calculation static.

It is a basic test in 2D plan for a stationary thermal loading calculated by finite elements on the same grid with
an isotropic material in mode II .

Objective:

• basic test in 2D plan, for a stationary thermal loading calculated by finite elements on the same grid,
with isotropic material, in mode II ,
• validation of the calculation of K II ,
• variability of G according to the topology (sectors, crowns) of the radiant grid. Checking of the
invariance of the results in breaking process, at an end of crack, the grid of the other end of the same
crack.

Calculation is tested on a complete grid and a half-grid. Parameters L /W and 2A /W being fixed.

One measures a relative variation on K II , the precision is nevertheless badly defined.

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1 Problem of reference
1.1 Geometry

Width of the plate: W =0,6 m

Length of the plate: L=0,3 m
Length of the crack: 2a =0,3 m

1.2 Properties of material

Notation for thermoelastic properties:

  x   S11 S12 0    x    11 
      
  y    S12 S 22 
0    y     22  T  Tref 
   0 0 S 66   xy   0 
 xy  
S11 1 E x
S 22 1 E y
S12    x E x   y E y
S 66 1 G xy
11  x
 22  y
One limits oneself to isotropic material, as well from the thermal point of view as mechanical:

E x =E y =2.105 MPa
 x = y =0,3
 x = y =1,2 10−5 ° C−1
 x = y =54 W / m° C
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1.3 Boundary conditions and loading

Two models are considered:

• the half-model x≥0

• the complete model

Boundary conditions mechanical:

• half-model
UX =0 along the axis of symmetry X =0
UY =0 at the point W /2,0
• complete model
UX =0 at the point 0, L/ 2
UY =0 at the points  – L/2,0 and  L / 2,0
Boundary conditions thermal:

• half-model
T =100° C on the higher edge Y =L /2
T = – 100 ° C on the lower edge Y =– L/2
null flow on the axis of symmetry, the free edge X =W / 2 and on the edge of the crack
• complete model
T =100° C on the higher edge Y =L /2
T = – 100 ° C on the lower edge Y =– L/2
null flow on the free edges X =±W /2 and on the edge of the crack

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2 Reference solution
2.1 Method of calculating used for the reference solution
Complex potential.

2.2 Results of reference

2a

W
L

W
11T0 W
K II    FII
S11 2
where the geometrical factor of correction F II is given according to  for each material, in the
typical case  =0,5 on the curves below.
The isotropic material being represented by the curve I

2.3 Uncertainty on the solution

Nondefinite precision.

2.4 Bibliographical references

1) Y. MURAKAMI: Stress Intensity Factors Handbook, box 11.17, pages 1045-1047. The
Society of Materials Science, Japan, Pergamon Near, 1987.
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3 Modelings A, B, C, D, E and F
3.1 Characteristics of modeling
These 6 modelings correspond to 6 grids where one varies 3 topological parameters. The table below
summarizes the various studied cases:

NS=8 , NC =4 NS=4 , NC =3
rt=0,001∗a With B
rt=0,01∗a C D
rt=0,1∗a E F

The topological parameters which vary are:

NS : many sectors on 90°

NC : many crowns
rt : the ray of the largest crown (with half a: length of the crack)

3.1.1 Modelings A and B

Half grid - Modeling A

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Zoom of the point of crack - Modeling A

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Half grid - Modeling B

Zoom of the point of crack - Modeling B

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3.1.2 Modelings C and D

Complete grid - Modeling C

Complete grid - Modeling D

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3.1.3 Modelings E and F

Complete grid - Modeling E

Complete grid - Modeling F

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3.1.4 Definition of the rays of the crowns

For these various cases, we define the values of the higher and lower rays, to specify in the order
CALC_G :

Modeling A

1st crown 2nd crown 3rd crown 4th crown

rinf m 3,75E-5 7,500E-5 1,125E-4 1,500E–4
rsup m 7,50E-5 1,125E-4 1,500E-4 1,875E-4

Modeling B

1st crown 2nd crown 3rd crown

rinf m 5,00E-5 1,00E-4 1,50E-4
rsup m 1,00E-4 1,50E-4 2,00E-4

Modeling C

1st crown 2nd crown 3rd crown 4th crown

rinf m 3,75E-4 7,500E-4 1,125E-3 1,500E–3
rsup m 7,50E-4 1,125E-3 1,500E-3 1,875E-3

Modeling D

1st crown 2nd crown 3rd crown

rinf m 5,00E-4 1,00E-3 1,50E-3
rsup m 1,00E-3 1,50E-3 2,00E-3

Modeling E

1st crown 2nd crown 3rd crown 4th crown

rinf m 3,75E-3 7,500E-3 1,125E-2 1,500E–2
rsup m 7,50E-3 1,125E-2 1,500E-2 1,875E-2

Modeling F

1st crown 2nd crown 3rd crown

rinf m 5,00E-3 1,00E-2 1,50E-2
rsup m 1,00E-2 1,50E-2 2,00E-2

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3.2 Characteristics of the grid

Half-grid; grid radiating at the right end of the crack.

The table below gives the constitution of the studied grids:

NS=8 , NC =4 NS=4 , NC =3
3831 nodes, 3507 nodes,
rt=0,001∗a 1516 elements, 1388 elements,
884 TRI6, 820 TRI6,
632 QUA8. 568 QUA8.
1179 nodes, 855 nodes,
rt=0,01∗a 400 elements, 272 elements,
104 TRI6, 40 TRI6,
296 QUA8. 232 QUA8.
659 nodes, 335 nodes,
rt=0,1∗a 240 elements, 112 elements,
104 TRI6, 40 TRI6,
136 QUA8. 72 QUA8.

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4 Results of modelings A, B, C, D, E and F

4.1 Values tested
Identification Reference Aster % difference
Diameter crowns external = 0,001∗a
Radiant grid NS=8 NC =4 Modeling A
K II , crown n°1 2,2347E+7 2,2814E7 2.09
K II , crown n°2 2,2347E+7 2,2813E7 2.08
K II , crown n°3 2,2347E+7 2,2814E7 2.09
K II
, crown n°4 2,2347E+7 2,2814E7 2.09
Radiant grid NS=4 NC =3 Modeling B
K II , crown n°1 2,2347E+7 2,282E7 2.10
K II , crown n°2 2,2347E+7 2,282E7 2.10
K II , crown n°3 2,2347E+7 2,281E7 2.09
Diameter crowns external = 0,01∗a
Radiant grid NS=8 NC =4 Modeling C
K II , crown n°1 2,2347E+7 2.166 10 7
3.058
K II , crown n°2 2,2347E+7 2.214 10 7 0.919
K II , crown n°3 2,2347E+7 2.214 10 7
0.919
K II , crown n°4 2,2347E+7 2.214 10 7
0.919
Radiant grid NS= 4 NC= 3 Modeling D
K II , crown n°1 2,2347E+7 2.214 107 0.919
K II , crown n°2 2,2347E+7 2.214 107 0.919
K II , crown n°3 2,2347E+7 2.214 10 7
0.919
Diameter crowns external = 0,1∗a
Radiant grid NS=8 NC =4 Modeling E
K II , crown n°1 2,2347E+7 2.2632 10 7
1.276
K II , crown n°2 2,2347E+7 2.2572 107 1.009
K II , crown n°3 2,2347E+7 2.2572 10 7
1.008
K II
, crown n°4 2,2347E+7 2.2564 10 7
0.972
Radiant grid NS=4 NC =3 Modeling F
K II , crown n°1 2,2347E+7 2,255E7 0.932
K II , crown n°2 2,2347E+7 2,2568E7 0.988
K II , crown n°3 2,2347E+7 2,2568E7 0.987

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Identification Reference Aster % difference

Diameter crowns external = 0,001∗a
Radiant grid NS=8 NC =4 Modeling A
G , crown n°1 2,4969E+3 2,5984E+3 4.07
G , crown n°2 2,4969E+3 2,5990E+3 4.09
G , crown n°3 2,4969E+3 2,5992E+3 4.10
G , crown n°4 2,4969E+3 2,5993E+3 4.10
Radiant grid NS=4 NC =3 Modeling B
G , crown n°1 2,4969E+3 2.600 10 3 4.134
G , crown n°2 2,4969E+3 2.5996 10 3 4.114
G , crown n°3 2,4969E+3 2.5996 103 4.111
Diameter crowns external = 0,01∗a
Radiant grid NS=8 NC =4 Modeling C
G , crown n°1 2,4969E+3 2.451 10 3
1.842
G , crown n°2 2,4969E+3 2.475 10 3 0.858
G , crown n°3 2,4969E+3 2.475 10 3 0.858
G , crown n°4 2,4969E+3 2.475 103 0.858
Radiant grid NS= 4 NC= 3 Modeling D
G , crown n°1 2,4969E+3 2.475 103 0.858
G , crown n°2 2,4969E+3 2.475 103 0.858
G , crown n°3 2,4969E+3 2.475 103 0.858
Diameter crowns external = 0,1∗a
Radiant grid NS= 8 NC= 4 Modeling E
G , crown n°1 2,4969E+3 2,5624E3 2.627
G , crown n°2 2,4969E+3 2,5503E3 2.139
G , crown n°3 2,4969E+3 2,5499E3 2.124
G , crown n°4 2,4969E+3 2.5489 E3 2.084
Radiant grid NS= 4 NC= 3 Modeling F
G , crown n°1 2,4969E+3 2.5470 E3 2.006
G , crown n°2 2,4969E+3 2.5497 E3 2.117
G , crown n°3 2,4969E+3 2.5491 E3 2.094

4.2 Remarks
In the reference, the author supposes that KI =0 , but it does not check it a posteriori.

With regard to the rate of refund of energy G , if we suppose that KI =0 , we draw the value of
reference starting from the formula from IRWIN in plane constraints:

G ref =1/ E ∗KII 2

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5 Modeling G
5.1 Characteristics of modeling
For this modeling, we use the complete model with the best parameters NS , NC and rt calculated
in preceding modelings. We thus used the following values:

• NS=8 ,
• NC =4 ,
• rt=0,01∗a .

Complete grid

5.2 Characteristics of the grid

Complete model, with grid radiating only at the right end of the crack and regular grid, not refined, at
the left end.

The grid consists of 1718 nodes and 568 elements, including 464 elements QUA8 and 104 elements
TRI6.

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5.3 Sizes tested and results

Identification Reference Aster % difference
Diameter crowns external = 0,01∗a
Radiant grid NS=8 NC =4
K II , crown n°1 2,2347E+7 2,2640E7 1.31
K II , crown n°2 2,2347E+7 2,2640E7 1.31
K II , crown n°3 2,2347E+7 2,2640E7 1.31
K II , crown n°4 2,2347E+7 2,2641E7 1.31

Identification Reference Aster % difference

Diameter crowns external = 0,01∗a
Radiant grid NS=8 NC =4
G , crown n°1 2,4969E+3 2,5620E3 2.610
G , crown n°2 2,4969E+3 2,5626E3 2.631
G , crown n°3 2,4969E+3 2,5627E3 2.635
G , crown n°4 2,4969E+3 2.5628E3 2.640

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6 Summary of the results

Differences between the reference solution and the results of Code_Aster do not exceed 3% on the
coefficients of intensity of constraints and 4% for the rate of refund of energy. One checks the invariance of
the results compared to the various crowns of integration.

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