KONGUNADU COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai,

Namakkal-Trichy Main Road, Thottiam,
Trichy (Dt)-621 215, Tamilnadu.
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
EE8401-Electrical Machines-II
University Question Bank
Unit-1 – Synchronous Generator
Part-A
1. Two reaction theory is applied only to salient pole machines. State the reason.(A/M-2018), (N/D-2014, R-08)
2. What are the advantages of salient pole type construction used for synchronous machines? (A/M-2018)
3. What is the necessity of chording in the armature winding of a synchronous machine?(N/D-2017)
4. Distinguish between transient and sub-transient reactance. (N/D-2017)
5. What do you mean by single layer and double layer winding?(A/M-2017)
6. Define voltage regulation. (A/M-2017), (A/M-2017, R-08 , (M/J-2016), (N/D-2015), (N/D-2013, R-08)
7. Define synchronous impedance in alternator.(A/M-2017, R-08)
8. Distinguish between full-pitch coil and short-pitch coil.(N/D-2016)
9. What are the conditions of parallel operation of alternators? (N/D-2016), (M/J-2013, R-08)
10. Distinguish the use of salient pole and round rotor synchronous machines. (N/D-2016, R-08), (A/M-2015, R-08)
11. Draw typical open circuit and short circuit characteristics of synchronous machine. (N/D-2016, R-08), (A/M-2015, R-08)
12. How can you distinguish between the two types of large synchronous generator from their appearance?(M/J-2016), (M/J-2014, R-08)
13. What is meant by armature reaction in alternator?(N/D-2015), (N/D-2015, R-08), (N/D-2012, R-08), (N/D-2013, R-08)
14. What are all the various methods to determine the voltage regulation? (N/D-2015, R-08)
15. What are the essential elements for generating emf in alternators? (N/D-2014, R-08)
16. What is meant by alternator on infinite bus-bars? (M/J-2014, R-08)
17. What are the types of synchronous machines with respect to its rotor construction? (M/J-2013, R-08)
18. State the causes of voltage drop in an alternator when loaded. (N/D-2012, R-08)
19. Why is the field system of an alternator made as a rotor? (M/J-2012, R-08)
20. What is synchronizing power of an alternator? (M/J-2012, R-08)

Part – B
1. Explain the procedure for POTIER method to calculate voltage regulation of alternator.(13) (A/M-2018), (A/M-2017), (M/J-2013, R-08)
2. Explain clearly the ZPF method of determining the regulation of an alternator? (10) (A/M-2017, R-08), (M/J-2012, R-08)
3. Explain the Ampere-Turn method of finding voltage regulation of an alternator.(8) (N/D-2017)
4. List the methods used to predetermine the voltage regulation of synchronous machine and explain the MMF method.(16) (N/D-2016), (N/D-
2013, R-08)
5. Explain the EMF method of determining the regulation of an alternator. (8) (N/D-2012, R-08)
6. Describe the method of determining the voltage regulation of an alternator by synchronous impedance method.(10) (N/D-2014, R-08)
7. Describe the principle and construction of slow speed operation generator with neat diagram.(13) (A/M-2018)
8. Describe with neat sketches, the constructional details of a salient pole type alternator. (10) (N/D-2016), (N/D-2012, R-08)
9. Derive the EMF equation of a 3-phase synchronous machine.(6) (N/D-2017)
10. Derive the emf equation of an alternator. (8) (N/D-2016) , (N/D-2015), (N/D-2012, R-08)
11. Develop the formula for the induced emf in an alternator.(6) (N/D-2014, R-08), (N/D-2013, R-08)
12. Describe how the direct and quadrature-axis reactance of a salient pole synchronous machines can be estimated by means of slip test.(7)
(N/D-2017) (16) (M/J-2014, R-08)
13. Illustrate a method for determining the direct and quadrate axis reactance of a salient pole synchronous generator. (6) (N/D-2016, R-08),
(A/M-2015, R-08) , (M/J-2013, R-08)
14. Explain the phenomena of armature reaction in alternator for different load power factors. (8) (A/M-2017, R-08), (N/D-2015),(M/J-2012, R-
08),
15. Explain the concept of armature reaction and mention the methods to reduce this effect. (8) (M/J-2016)
16. What is meant by Synchronizing? State the conditions for paralleling alternator with infinite bus bars. (5) (N/D-2017)
17. Describe a method of synchronizing the three phase alternator to the infinite bus giving the relevant circuit diagram. (8) (A/M-2017, R-08),
(M/J-2012, R-08)
18. What is synchronizing power of an alternator? Derive an expression for the synchronizing power between the two alternators connected in
parallel. (8) (A/M-2017, R-08), (M/J-2012, R-08)
19. State and explain the conditions for parallel operation of Alternators. (8) (N/D-2012, R-08)
20. Explain the EMF and MMF method of evaluating the synchronous reactance. (N/D-2016, R-08),(A/M-2015, R-08)
21. Derive an expression for real and reactive power outputs of asynchronous generator.(10) (N/D-2016, R-08), (A/M-2015, R-08)
22. Explain the two reaction theory of salient pole alternator. (16) (N/D-2015, R-08)
23. Describe the salient constructional features of ac generators driven by (1) diesel engines. (2) Steam engines. (12) (N/D-2014, R-08)
Problems
1. A 30MVA, 15KV, 60Hz ac generator has a synchronous reactance of 1.2pu and a resistance of 0.02pu. Calculate
(1) The base voltage, base power and base impedance of the generator
(2) The actual value of the synchronous reactance,
(3) The actual winding resistance, per phase
(4) The total full-load copper losses. (8) (A/M-2017)
2. A 3 phase, Y-connected, 1000 KVA, 2000 V, 50Hz alternator gave the following open-circuit and short circuit test readings:

Field current (A): 10 20 25 30 40 50

OCVoltage(KV): 800 1500 1760 2000 2350 2600
S.C armature current (A) - 200 250 300 - -

The armature effective resistnce per phase is 0.2Ω. Draw the characteristics curves and determine the full load percentage regulation oat (i) 0.8
p.f lagging, (ii) 0.8 p.f leading by MMF method. (16) (A/M-2017) , (N/D-2015)

3. A 220 V, 50 Hz, 6-pole star connected alternator with ohmic resistance of 0.06 ohm per phase, gave the following data for open circuit, short-
circuit and full load zero-power-factor characteristics. Find the percentage voltage regulation at full-load current of 40A at power-factor of 0.8
lag by (1) emf method (2) mmf method and zpf method. Compare the results so obtained. (N/D-2016, R-08), (A/M-2015, R-08)

Field current (A): 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 1.20

OC Voltage, Emf (V): 29.0 58.0 87.0 116 146 172
S.C current ISC (A): 6.6 13.2 20.0 26.5 32.4 40.0
ZPF terminal voltage(V) - - - - - 0
Field current (A): 1.40 1.80 220 2.60 3.00 3.40
OC voltage Emf (V) 194 232 261.5 284 300 310
SC current, ISC (A) 46.3 59.0 - - - -
APF terminal voltage (V) 29 88 140 177 208 230
4. In a 50-KVA, Y-connected, 440-V, 3-phase, 50Hz alternator, the effective armature resistance is 0.25Ω / phase. The synchronous reactance is
3.2 Ω/phase and leakage reactance is 0.5 Ω/phase. Determine the rated load at unity power factor : (a) Internal e.m.f Ea , (b) No-load e.m.f, E0,
(c) Percentage regulation on full load, (d) value of synchronous reactance which replaces armature reaction. (8) (M/J-2016)
5. The following data were obtained for the OCC of a 10 MVA, 13 KV, 3-phase, 50 Hz, Y-connected synchronous generator.
Field current (A): 50 75 100 125 150 162.5 200 250 300
OCVoltage(KV): 6.2 8.7 10.5 11.8 12.8 13.2 14.2 15.2 15.9

An excitation of 100 A causes the full-load current to flow during the short-circuit test. The excitation required to give the rated current at zero
pf and rated voltage is 290 A.
(i) Calculate the adjusted synchronous reactance of the machine.
(ii) Calculate the leakage reactance of the machine assuming the resistance to be negligible.
(iii) Determine the excitation required when the machine supplies full-load at 0.8 pf lagging by using the leakage reactance and drawing the
mmf phasor diagram. What is the voltage regulation of the machine? Also calculate the voltage regulation for this loading using the adjusted
synchronous reactance. Compare and comment upon the two results. (16) (M/J-2016)
6. A 3-phase, 11kV star connected alternator delivers a current of 80A at
(i) 0.8 power factor leading,
(ii) Unity power factor and
(iii) 0.75 power factor lagging. Full load current of 80A is produced on short circuit by afield excitation of 2.8A. An EMF of 400V per phase is
produced on open circuit by the same excitation. The armature resistance is 0.7 ohm per phase. Determine the voltage regulation in each phase.
(16) (N/D-2015, R-08)
7. A 3-phase star-connected salient pole synchronous generator is driven at a speed near synchronous with the field circuit open, and the stator is
supplied from a balanced 3-phase supply. Voltmeter connected across the line gave minimum and maximum readings of 2800 volts and 2820
volts. The line current fluctuated between 360 A and 275 A. Find the direct and quadrature-axis reactance per phase. Neglect armature
resistance. (4) (N/D-2014, R-08)
8. A 3-phase, star-connected, 1000KVA, 11,000V alternator has rated current if 52.5A. The ac resistance of the winding per phase is 0.45 Ω. The
test results are given below:
OC Test: field current = 12.5A, voltage between lines=422V.
SC Test: field current = 12.5, line current = 52.5 A
Determine the full load voltage regulation of the alternator
(i) 0.8 pf lagging and
(ii) 0.8 pf leading. (16) (M/J-2014, R-08)
9. A 3-phase 16 pole alternator has star connected winding with 144 slots and 10 conductors per slot. The flux per pole is 0.04wb and is
distributed sinusoidally. The speed is 375rpm. Find the frequency, phase emf, and line emf. The coil span is 120 0 electrical. (8) (N/D-2013, R-
08)
10. A 3.3kV alternator gave the following results:

Field current (A): 16 25 37.5 50 70

OC voltage (kV): 1.55 2.45 3.3 3.75 4.15
 A field current of 18A is found to cause the full load current to flow through the winding during short circuit test. Predetermine the full load
voltage regulation at (1) .8 pf lag and (2) 0.8 pf lead by MMF method. (8) (M/J-2013, R-08)
11. Two similar, 3 phase alternators work in parallel and deliver a total real power of 1800 kW at 11 kV and at 0.85 pf lagging to the load. Each
alternator initially supplied half the load power. the excitation of the first alternator is then increased such that its line current becomes 60A
lagging. Find the line current delivered by the second alternator. (8) (M/J-2013, R-08)
12. A 4-pole alternator has an armature with 25 slots and 8 conductions per slot and rotates at 1500 rpm and the flux per pole is 0.05Wb. Calculate
the e.m.f generated, If winding factor is 0.96 and all the conductors are in series. (4) (N/D-2012, R-08)

Part-C
13. A 1.1MVA, 2.2kV, 3-phase, star connected alternator gave the following test result during OC and SC tests:
Field current (A): 10 20 30 40 50
Open Circuit Voltage(kV) : 0.88 1.65 2.20 2.585 2.86
Short circuit current(A) : 200 400 - - -
The effective resistance of the 3-phase winding is 0.22Ω/ph. Estimate the full-load voltage regulation at 0.8pf lagging
(i). By synchronous impedance method and
(ii). Ampere-turn method. (15) (A/M-2018)

Unit-2 – Synchronous Motor

Part-A
21. How the synchronous motor can be used as synchronous condenser? (A/M-2018)
22. How does a change of excitation affect its power factor? (A/M-2018)
23. A 3-phase synchronous motor driving a constant load torque draws power from infinite bus at leading power factor. How power angle and
power factor will change if the excitation is increased? (N/D-2017)
24. What is the role of damper winding in synchronous motor? (N/D-2017), (N/D-2016)
25. What are V-curves? (A/M-2017), (M/J-2013, R-08)
26. What is synchronous condenser? (A/M-2017), (N/D-2014, R-08), (N/D-2012, R-08)
27. What about slip in synchronous motor? (A/M-2017, R-08)
28. List the starting methods of synchronous motor. (A/M-2017, R-08), (N/D-2015, R-08), (M/J-2014, R-08), (M/J-2013, R-08)
29. What is meant by hunting? (N/D-2016), (N/D-2016, R-08), (N/D-2013, R-08), (N/D-2012, R-08), (M/J-2012, R-08)
30. What are the causes of hunting? (N/D-2015)
31. What are the uses of damper winding in synchronous motor? (N/D-2016, R-08), (N/D-2013, R-08)
32. List the inherent disadvantages of synchronous motor. (M/J-2016)
33. How can we change the operating speed of synchronous motor? (M/J-2016)
34. When is synchronous motor is said to receive 100% excitation? (N/D-2015)
35. What are the applications of synchronous motor? (N/D-2015, R-08)
36. Draw the typical torque angle characteristics of synchronous machine. (A/M-2015, R-08)
37. Why can’t the synchronous motors self start? Explain. (A/M-2015, R-08)
38. What could be the reasons if a 3-phase synchronous motor fails to start? (N/D-2014, R-08)
39. Name any two important characteristics of a 3 phase synchronous motor not found in 3 phase induction motor. (M/J-2014, R-08)
40. Why a synchronous motor is a constant speed motor? (M/J-2012, R-08)

Part – B
24. Explain the working of synchronous motor with different excitations.(13) (A/M-2018)
25. Describe the principle of operation of synchronous motor.(5) (N/D-2017)
26. What are the methods of starting a synchronous motor? Explain any one of them with a circuit diagram.(8) (N/D-2017)
27. Describe the various methods of starting the synchronous motor. (16) (A/M-2017, R-08), (16) (N/D-2016), (8) (M/J-2016), (6) (N/D-2015, R-
08), (10) (N/D-2014, R-08), (16) (N/D-2012, R-08)
28. What are ‘constant excitation circles and constant power circle’ for a synchronous motor? How are they derived?(8) (N/D-2017)
29. Explain how synchronous motor can be used as a synchronous condenser. Draw the phasor diagram. .(5) (N/D-2017), (8) (M/J-2012, R-08)
30. Explain V-curve and inverted V curve. (8) (A/M-2017), (8) (N/D-2016, R-08), (M/J-2016), (N/D-2015), (8) (N/D-2013, R-08)
31. Discuss in detail how V curves is obtained for a synchronous motor. (6) (A/M-2017, R-08), (6) (N/D-2014, R-08), (N/D-2012, R-08)
32. Draw the V and inverted V-curves and explain the effect of excitation on armature current and power factor of synchronous motor. (16)
(N/D-2016)
33. Derive the expression for power delivered by a synchronous motor in terms of load angle (α). (8) (A/M-2017), (8) (N/D-2015)
34. Derive the expression for power developed in a synchronous motor. Also find the condition for maximum power developed. (8) (M/J-2013, R-
08)
35. Describe in detail about the effect of load change on load angle and power factor of a three phase synchronous motor operating on infinite bus
bar and constant excitation. (10) (A/M-2017, R-08) (N/D-2012, R-08)
36. Draw and explain the equivalent circuit and phasor diagram of a cylindrical rotor synchronous motor operating at different power factors.
(8) (N/D-2016, R-08)
37. Enumerate in detail the effect of varying excitation on armature current and power factor of synchronous motor. (8) (M/J-2016)
38. Draw and explain the phasor diagram of a synchronous motor operating at lagging and leading power factor. (8) (N/D-2015)
39. Draw the simplified equivalent circuit of synchronous motor and explain the effect of loading in synchronous motor at various power factors
with help of phasor diagrams. (16) (N/D-2015, R-08)
40. Draw and explain the equivalent circuit and phasor diagram of a cylindrical rotor synchronous motor operating at different power factors. (8)
(N/D-2013, R-08)
41. Illustrate through neat phasor diagram, the functioning of synchronous machine with varying excitation under constant real power load. (16)
(A/M-2015, R-08), (16) (M/J-2014, R-08)
42. Explain the effect of variable excitation of the behavior of the synchronous motor under constant load conditions. (10). (N/D-2015, R-08),
(10) (M/J-2012, R-08)
43. Illustrate the phenomenon of hunting and the use of damper winding with the help of dynamic equations. (16) (A/M-2015, R-08)
44. What are constant excitation circles and constant power circle for a synchronous motor? How are they derived?(10) (N/D-2014, R-08)
45. Draw and explain the current loci of synchronous motor for (i) constant power input and (ii) constant excitation. Also obtain the minimum
and maximum excitation for given mechanical power. (16) (M/J-2013, R-08)
46. Why synchronous motors are not self starting? Explain. (6) (M/J-2012, R-08)
47. Derive an expression for the maximum torque developed per phase of a synchronous motor. (8) (M/J-2012, R-08)

Problems
14. A 5kW, Three-phase Y-connected 50Hz, 440 V, cyclindrical rotor synchronous motor operates at rated condition with 0.8 pf leading. The
motor efficiency excluding field and stator losses is 95% and X s = 0.25Ω. Calculate: (i). Mechanical power developed, (ii). Armature current,
(iii). Back emf, (iv). Power angle, (v). Maximum or pull out torque of the motor. (13) (A/M-2018)
15. A 500 hp, 720 rpm synchronous motor connected to a 3980V, 3phase line generates an excitation voltage E 0 of 1790V (line to neutral) when
the dc exciting current is 25A. The synchronous reactance is 22Ω and the torque angle between E 0 and E is 300, calculate
(1) The value of Ex
(2) The ac line current
(3) The power factor of the motor
(4) The approximate horsepower developed by the motor
(5) The approximate torque developed at the shaft. (8) (A/M-2017)
16. A 1000 KVA, 11000 V, 3-phase star-connected synchronous motor has an armature resistance and reactance per phase of 3.5Ω and 40Ω
respectively. Determine the induced emf and angular retardation of the rotor when fully loaded at 0.8 p.f. lagging and 0.8 p.f. leading. (8)
(A/M-2017), (8) (N/D-2015)
17. The synchronous reactance per phase of a 3-phase, star connected 6600 V synchronous motor is 20 Ω. For a certain load the input is 900 kW at
normal voltage and the induced line emf is 8500 V. Determine the line current and power factor. (16) (N/D-2016, R-08), (16) (N/D-2013, R-08)
18. A 3300 V, delta connected motor has a synchronous reactance per phase of 18 Ω. It operates at a leading power factor of 0.707 when drawing
800KW from the mains. Calculate its excitation emf. (8) (M/J-2016)
19. A 3-phase, star-connected synchronous motor rated at 187 kVA, 2300V, 47A, 50Hz, 187.5rpm has an effective resistance of 1.5Ω and
synchronous reactance of 20Ω per phase. Determine the internal power developed by the motor when it is operating at rated current and 0.8
power factor leading. (6) (N/D-2014, R-08)
20. A 75 KW, 400V, 4-pole, 3-phase, star-connected synchronous motor has a resistance and synchronous reactance per phase of 0.04 Ω and 0.4 Ω
respectively. Compute for full load 0.8 pf lead the open-circuit emf per phase and gross mechanical power developed. Assume and efficiency
of 92.5%. (16) (M/J-2014, R-08)
21. A 6 pole, 3 phase, star connected synchronous motor has synchronous impedance of (0.5+j0.8)Ω per phase. When operating on 2.2 kV, 50 Hz
bus bars, its field current is such that the induced emf is 1.8 kV. Calculate the maximum torque that can be developed at this excitation
condition. (8) (M/J-2013, R-08)

Unit-3 – Three Phase Induction Motor

Part-A
41. Why an induction motor will never run at its synchronous speed? (A/M-2018)
42. Explain why an induction motor, at no-load, operates at very low power factor. (A/M-2018)
43. What measure can be taken for minimizing the effect of crawling in a 3-phase induction motor? (N/D-2017)
44. Draw the torque-slip characteristics of double-cage induction motor? (N/D-2017)
45. Why are the slots on the cage rotor of induction motor usually skewed? (A/M-2017), (M/J-2016), (N/D-2015), (N/D-2015, R-08), (N/D-2013,
R-08)
46. What is the advantages of skewing the rotor slots? (N/D-2016)
47. A 3-phase, 4-pole induction motor operates from a supply whose frequency is 50Hz. Calculate the frequency of the rotor current at standstill
and the speed at which the magnetic field of the stator is rotating. (A/M-2017)
48. Specify the developed torque in an induction motor at synchronous speed. (A/M-2017, R-08)
49. State a method by which starting torque of the induction motor can be increased. (A/M-2017, R-08)
50. How can the direction of rotation of 3 phase induction motor be reversed? (N/D-2016), (N/D-2016, R-08), (M/J-2012, R-08)
51. What is an induction generator? (N/D-2016, R-08), (M/J-2012, R-08)
52. Write down the conditions to get maximum torque under running condition. (M/J-2016), (N/D-2015), (M/J-2013, R-08)
53. What is the difference between squirrel cage type rotor and phase wound rotor? (N/D-2015, R-08)
54. How much is the developed torque in an induction motor at synchronous speed? Explain. (A/M-2015, R-08)
55. State a method by which starting torque of the induction motor can be increased. (A/M-2015, R-08)
56. Define ‘slip’ of an induction motor. (N/D-2014, R-08), (N/D-2013, R-08), (M/J-2013, R-08), (N/D-2012, R-08)
57. What are the merits and demerits of double squirrel cage induction motors) (N/D-2014, R-08), (N/D-2012, R-08)
58. How do change in supply voltage and frequency affect the performance of a 3 phase induction motor? (M/J-2014, R-08)
59. The starting torque of a squirrel cage induction motor cannot be altered when applied voltage is constant. Why? (M/J-2014, R-08)

Part – B
48. Explain the construction and working of three phase induction motor.(13) (A/M-2018), (7) (N/D-2017), (N/D-2016, R-08), (8) (N/D-2015),
(8) (N/D-2014, R-08), (10) (N/D-2013, R-08), (8) (N/D-2012, R-08)
49. Explain with necessary diagrams, the principle of operation and characteristics of the double cage induction motor. (8) (A/M-2017, R-08),
(8) (M/J-2013, R-08)
50. Describe the principle of operation of synchronous induction motor. (8) (N/D-2014, R-08)
51. With the aid of necessary sketches, describe the features in the construction of cage and slip ring type induction motor. (8) (M/J-2012, R-08)
52. Develop an equivalent circuit motor three phase induction motor. State the difference between exact and approximate equivalent
circuit.(13) (A/M-2018)
53. Show how a three phase induction motor can be represented by an approximate equivalent circuit. (8) (A/M-2017, R-08), (8) (N/D-2016), (8)
(M/J-2013, R-08)
54. Deduce and discuss the equivalent circuit of 3Φ induction motor. (8) (N/D-2016, R-08),(8) (N/D-2012, R-08)
55. Explain in detail the equivalent circuit of 3-phase induction motor. (8) (M/J-2016), (16) (N/D-2015, R-08)
56. Draw the equivalent circuit and derive expressions for maximum torque and power of a three phase induction motor. (8) (A/M-2015, R-08)
57. Derive the expression for torque under running condition of a 3-phase induction motor and obtain the condition for maximum torque. (8)
(N/D-2017)
58. Derive the condition for maximum torque in 3-phase induction motor. (6) (N/D-2013, R-08)
59. Write short notes on ‘Induction generators’.(5) (N/D-2017)
60. Explain the operation of Induction machine as a generator with neat diagram.(8) (N/D-2016)
61. Explain in detail the construction of circle diagram of an induction motor. (16) (A/M-2017), (8) (M/J-2016)
62. Explain the tests required to be performed to obtain the data for the circle diagram. (8) (M/J-2012, R-08)
63. Sketch and explain the torque slip characteristics of the 3 phase cage and slip-ring induction motors. Show the stable region in the graph. (8)
(A/M-2017), (8) (N/D-2016), (16) (N/D-2012, R-08)
64. Derive the torque-slip characteristics of three phase induction motor and explain. (8) (A/M-2017, R-08)
65. Explain the speed torque characteristics of double cage induction motor with a neat diagram. (8) (N/D-2016)
66. Sketch and explain the torque slip characteristics of the 3Φ cage and slip-ring induction motors. Show the stable region in the graph. (16)
(N/D-2016, R-08), (N/D-2015)
67. Derive the expression for torque, slip and draw speed-torque characteristics of 3-phase induction motor. (8) (M/J-2016)
68. Draw the torque slip characteristics of an induction motor for varying frequency, stator voltage and rotor resistance. (8) (A/M-2015, R-08)
69. Draw and explain the slip-torque characteristics of a typical 3-phase induction motor. Mark the starting torque and maximum torque region
on the diagram so drawn. (8) (N/D-2014, R-08)
70. Sketch the torque slip characteristics of an induction motor working at rated voltage and frequency. (4) (M/J-2014, R-08)
71. Derive the torque-slip characteristics of 3 phase induction motor and explain. (8) (M/J-2013, R-08)
72. Starting from an equivalent circuit, derive the various power equation of an induction motor. (8) (M/J-2012, R-08)

Problems
22. An induction motor has an efficiency of 0.9 when the shaft load is 45kW. At this load, stator ohmic loss and rotor ohmic loss each is equal to
the iron loss. The mechanical loss is one-third of the no-load losses. Neglect ohmic losses at no-load. Calculate the slip.(6) (N/D-2017)
23. A 3 phase, 25 KW, 400 V, 50 Hz, 8-pole induction motor has rotor resistance of 0.08 ohm and standstill resistance of 0.4 ohm. The effective
stator/ rotor turn ratio is 2.5/1. The motor is to drive a constant-torque load of 250N-m. Neglect stator impedance
(1) Calculate the minimum resistance to be added in rotor circuit for the motor to start up on load.
(2) At what speed would the motor run, if the added rotor resistance is (A) left in the circuit, and (B) subsequently short circuited. (8) (A/M-
2017)
24. The real power input to a 415 V, 50 Hz, 6 pole, three-phase induction motor running at 970 rpm is 41 kVA. The input power factor is 0.9. The
stator losses amount to 1.1 kW and the mechanical losses are 1.2 kW. Calculate the line current, slip, rotor copper loss, mechanical power
output and efficiency. (8) (A/M-2017, R-08)
25. A 40kW, 3-phase, slip-ring induction motor of negligible stator impedance runs at a speed of 0.96 times synchronous speed at arated torque.
The slip at maximum torque is four times the full-load value. If the rotor resistance of the motor is increased by 5 time, determine: (a) The
speed, power output and rotor copper loss at rated torque. (b) The speed corresponding to maximum torque. (8) (M/J-2016)
26. A 3 phase induction motor has a starting torque of 100% and a maximum torque of 200% of the full load torque. Determine: (1) Slip at which
maximum torque occurs; (2) Full load slip; (3) Rotor current at starting in per unit of full-load rotor current. (8) (N/D-2015)
27. The test readings of a three phase 14.71kW, 400V, 50Hz, star connected induction motor is given below:
No load test : 400V, 9A, cosφ=0.2;
Short circuit test :200V, 50A, cosφ=0.4.
From the circle diagram find (i) Line current (ii) Power factor (iii) Slip (iv) Efficiency at full load. Also find the maximum power output. (16)
(N/D-2015, R-08)
28. A 15 KW, 400V, 50Hz, 3phase star connected induction motor gave the following test results:
No load test: 400V, 9A, 1310W
Blocked rotor test: 200V, 50A, 7100W
Stator and rotor ohmic losses at standstill are assumed equal.
Draw the induction motor circle diagram and calculate (i) Line current, (ii) Power factor, (iii) Slip (iv) Torque and efficiency at full load. (16)
(M/J-2014, R-08)
29. A 6-pole, 50 Hz, 3-phase induction motor running on full load develops a useful torque of 160 Nm when the rotor emf makes 120 complete
cycles per minute. Let, the mechanical torque lost in friction and core-loss is 10 Nm. Determine the following,
 (1) Shaft power output,
(2) Input to the motor, and
(3) Efficiency. Let the total stator loss be 800W. (8) (A/M-2015, R-08)
30. A 400 V, 6-pole, 3-phase, 50Hz star-connected induction motor running light at rated voltage takes 7.5A with a power input of 700W. With the
rotor locked and 150V applied to the stator, the input current is 35A ad power input is 4000W; the stator resistance/phase being 0.55ohms
under these conditions. The standstill reactance of the stator and rotor as seen on the stator side are estimated to be in the ratio of 1:0.5.
Determine the parameters of the equivalent circuit. (8) (A/M-2015, R-08)
31. An induction motor has an efficiency of 0.9 when the shaft load is 45kW. At this load, stator ohmic loss and rotor ohmic loss each is equal to
the iron loss. The mechanical loss is one-third of the no-load losses. Neglect ohmic losses at no-load. Calculate the slip. (8) (N/D-2014, R-08)
32. A 746 KW, 3-phase, 50Hz, 16-pole induction motor has a rotor impedance of (0.02+j0.15)Ω at standstill. Full load torque is obtained at
360rpm. Calculate
(1) The ratio of maximum to full-load torque
(2) The speed at maximum torque and
(3) The rotor resistance to be added to get maximum starting torque. (12) (M/J-2014, R-08)
33. Draw the circle diagram of a15 hp, 230V, 50Hz, 3-phase slip-ring induction motor with a star connected stator and rotor. The winding ratio is
unity. The stator resistance is 0.42Ω/phase and the rotor resistance is 0.3Ω/phase. The following are the test readings,
No load test : 230V, 9A, p.f. = 0.2143
Blocked rtor test : 115V, 45A, p.f. = 0.454
Find (i) Starting torque, (ii) Maximum torque, (iii) Maximum power factor, (iv) Slip for maximum torque and (v) Maximum power output
(16) (N/D-2013, R-08)
34. The real power input to a 415 V, 50Hz, 6 pole, 3-phase induction motor running at 970 rpm is 41kW. The input power factor is 0.9. The stator
losses amount to 1.1 kW and the mechanical losses total 1.2kW. Calculate the line current, slip, rotor copper loss, mechanical power output
and efficiency. (8) (M/J-2013, R-08)
35. An eight pole, 3-phse induction motor running with the slip of 4% takes 20KW from a 50Hz supply. Stator losses amount to 0.5KW. If the
mechanical torque lost in friction is 16.2 Nm. Find the power output and efficiency. (8) (M/J-2012, R-08)

Part-C
1. A 415 V, 11kW, 50Hz, delta connected, three-phase energy efficient induction motor gave the following test results:
No load test: 415V; 5.8A; 488W
Blocked rotor test: 40V; 18.4A; 510W
Stator resistance per phase = 0.7Ω.
For full-load condition, find (i).Line Current, (ii). Power Factor, (iii). Input Power, (iv). Slip and (v). Efficiency. (15) (A/M-2018)

Unit-4 – Starters and Speed Control of Three Phase Induction Motor

Part-A
60. What is the need of starter for induction motor(A/M-2018), (A/M-2017, R-08), (N/D-2016), (M/J-2012, R-08)
61. What are the advantages of slip power scheme? (A/M-2018)
62. What is meant by slip power recovery scheme? (N/D-2013, R-08)
63. Why is rotor rheostat starter unsuited for a squirrel cage motor? (N/D-2017)
64. What are the conditions for regenerative braking of an induction motor to be reversed? (N/D-2017)
65. What is the effect of change in input voltage on starting torque of induction motor? (A/M-2017), (M/J-2016), (N/D-2015)
66. State two advantages of speed control of induction motor by injecting an emf in the rotor circuit. (A/M-2017)
67. Why are most of the three-phase induction motors constructed with delta connected stator winding? (A/M-2017, R-08), (M/J-2012, R-08)
68. What are the starting methods of three phase induction motor? (N/D-2016), (N/D-2013, R-08)
69. What is the effect of increasing the rotor resistance on starting current and torque? (N/D-2016, R-08), (N/D-2012, R-08)
70. List out the methods of speed control of cage type 3Φ induction motor. (N/D-2016, R-08), (N/D-2015), (M/J-2013, R-08), (N/D-2012, R-08)
71. What are the different methods of speed control of three phase induction motor? (N/D-2015, R-08)
72. How can the direction of a capacitor run motor be reversed? (M/J-2016)
73. What is the effect of variation of supply voltage in an induction motor? (N/D-2015, R-08)
74. State an important distinguishing factor of induction generator and alternator. (A/M-2015, R-08)
75. Draw the torque speed characteristics of an induction motor whose rotor resistance is very large compared to rotor inductance. (A/M-2015, R-
08)
76. What type of protection is provided in the starter meant for 3-phase induction motors? (N/D-2014, R-08)
77. While controlling the speed of an induction motor, how is super-synchronous speed achieved? (N/D-2014, R-08)
78. Which is the cheapest method of starting a three phase induction motor? (M/J-2014, R-08)
79. What is meant by plugging? (M/J-2014, R-08)
80. Why it is objectionable to start large three phase induction motor by switching it directly on the line? (M/J-2013, R-08)

Part – B
1. Explain with neat diagram, the working of any two types of starters used for squirrel cage type three phase induction motor.(13) (A/M-2018),
(16) (A/M-2017, R-08), (16) (N/D-2013, R-08)
2. Explain the various method of starting of three phase squirrel cage type induction motor. (16) (N/D-2015, R-08)
3. State the different methods of starting of 3-phase induction motor and discuss in detail any two methods. (8) (N/D-2016, R-08), (8) (A/M-
2015, R-08), (8) (M/J-2012, R-08)
4. With neat diagrams, explain the working of (i) Star-Delta Starter (ii) Auto Transformer Starter for 3 phase induction motor. (16) (N/D-
2016)
5. Describe a starter suitable for a 3-phase slip-ring induction motor. (6) (N/D-2016, R-08), (8) (M/J-2016), (6) (M/J-2012, R-08)
6. Explain the method of starting of slip ring Induction motor. (8) (M/J-2014, R-08), . (8) (N/D-2015)
7. With a neat diagram, Explain the working of a star-delta starter for a 3-phase induction motor.(8) (N/D-2017), (10) (N/D-2014, R-08), (8)
(M/J-2013, R-08)
8. Why starters are necessary for starting 3Φ induction motors? What are the various types of starters? Explain star-delta type starter in detail.
(16) (N/D-2012, R-08)
9. Explain the different methods by which speed control of induction motor is achieved. (13) (A/M-2018), (16) (N/D-2015, R-08), . (8) (M/J-
2016), (16) (N/D-2016)
10. Describe the method of speed control of a 3-phase squirrel cage induction motor by charging the number of stator poles and state the
applications of this method.(5) (N/D-2017), (6) (N/D-2014, R-08)
11. Explain the speed control of 3 phase induction motor with slip power recovery scheme. (16) (A/M-2017), (16) (N/D-2015), (8) (M/J-2013, R-
08), (16) (M/J-2014, R-08)
12. Explain in details the slip recovery scheme. (8) (A/M-2017, R-08), (8) (N/D-2013, R-08), (16) (N/D-2012, R-08)
13. With neat diagrams, explain the slip-power recovery schemes as applied to wound-rotor induction motors. (12) (N/D-2014, R-08)
14. Explain the speed control of three-phase wound rotor induction motor by rotor resistance method. (8) (A/M-2017, R-08), (8) (N/D-2013, R-
08)
15. With aid of diagrams explain the principle of the following methods of speed control of a 3-phase induction motor.
(1) Variable Frequency, (2) Cascade connection (8) (N/D-2016, R-08), (8) (M/J-2012, R-08), (8) (M/J-2013, R-08)
16. With the aid of diagrams, explain the principle of the following methods of speed control of a three phase induction motor (1) Variable
frequency, (2) Pole changing. (8) (M/J-2013, R-08)
17. Explain the speed control of a 3 phase induction motor using voltage control and frequency control. (8) (N/D-2015)
18. Explain the dc dynamic braking of a 3-phase induction motor.(6) (N/D-2017)
19. Draw and explain the schematic diagram of a static Kramer variable-speed drive system for a slip ring induction motor.(7) (N/D-2017)
20. Explain in detail the scherbius system of speed control. (8) (M/J-2016)
21. Illustrate the phenomena of Cogging and Crawling in induction motor. (8) (A/M-2015, R-08)

Problems
1. The results of the no-load and blocked rotor tests on a 3-phase, Y-connected 10KW, 400V, 17A, 50Hz, 8-pole induction motor with a squirrel-
cage rotor are given below.
No-load test : Line-Line voltage = 400V
Total input power = 467W
Line current = 6.8A
Blocked rotor tests : Line-Line voltage = 180V
Total input power = 1200W
Line current = 17A
The dc resistance of the stator measured immediately after the blocked rotor test is found to have an average value of 0.68 ohm/phase.
Calculate the parameters of the circuit model of the induction motor. Draw circuit model. Calculate (i) Torque (net), (ii) Stator current, (iii)
Power factor, (iv) Efficiency. (16) (A/M-2017)
2. Small squirrel-cage induction motor has a starting current of six times the full load current and full-load slip of 0.05. Find in pu of full-load
values, the current (line) and starting torque with the following methods of starting ((a) to (d)). (a) Direct switching, (b) Stator-resistance
starting with motor current limited to 2p.u, (c) auto-transformer starting with motor current limited to 2p.u, and (d) Y-delta starting. (e) What
auto transformer ratio would give 1pu starting torque? (8) (M/J-2016), (8) (A/M-2015, R-08)
3. The impedances at standstill of the inner and outer cages of a double-cage rotor are (0.01+j0.05)Ω and (0.05+j0.1)Ω respectively. The stator
impedance may be assumed to be negligible. Determine the ratio of the torques due to the two cages (1) At starting, and (2) When running with
a slip of 5%. (8) (A/M-2015, R-08)
4. A 3-phase 440V distribution circuit is designed to supply not more than 1200A. Assuming that a 3-phase squirrel cage induction motor has
full-load efficiency of 0.85 and a full load power factor of 0.8 and that the starting current at rated voltage is 5 times the rated full-load current,
what is the maximum permissible kW rating of the motor if it is to be started using an auto-transformer stepping down the voltage to 80% (4)
(N/D-2014, R-08)
5. A three phase induction motor takes a starting current which is 5 times full-load current at normal voltage. Its full-load slip is 4 percent. What
auto-transformer ratio would enable the motor to be started with not more than twice the full load current drawn from the supply? What would
be the starting torque under this condition? (8) (M/J-2014, R-08)
6. Determine approximately the starting torque of an induction motor in terms of full load torque when started by
(1) Star-Delta starter and
(2) Auto-starter with 50% tapping. The short circuit current of the motor at normal voltage is 5 times the full load current and the full load slip
is 4% (10) (N/D-2016, R-08), (10) (M/J-2012, R-08)

Part-C
1. Explain the V/F control technique in 3phase IM. (15) (N/D-2017)
 Unit-5 – Single Phase Induction Motors and Special Motors
Part-A
81. What are the various methods available for making a single-phase motor self-starting? (A/M-2018)
82. Why single phase induction motor is not self starting? Mention any one method of starting. (A/M-2017), (M/J-2016), (N/D-2015)
83. What is the principle of reluctance motor? (A/M-2018), (N/D-2014, R-08)
84. How is the direction of rotation of a single phase induction motor reversed? (N/D-2017), (N/D-2014, R-08)
85. How can the direction of a capacitor run motor be reversed? (N/D-2015), (M/J-2014, R-08)
86. How can the direction of rotation of capacitor-start motor be reversed? (N/D-2015, R-08)
87. What is a linear induction motor? (N/D-2015, R-08)
88. What is the principle of operation of a linear induction motor? (N/D-2017)
89. Define double field revolving theory. (A/M-2017), (N/D-2013, R-08)
90. What is meant by single phasing? (A/M-2017, R-08), (N/D-2012, R-08)
91. Name the methods of starting single phase induction motors. (A/M-2017, R-08), (N/D-2012, R-08)
92. State the application of shaded pole motor. (N/D-2016)
93. What will be the direction of rotation of a shaded pole single phase induction motor? (N/D-2016, R-08), (M/J-2013, R-08)
94. State the limitations of shaded pole motors. (A/M-2015, R-08)
95. Define the term step angle in a stepper motor. (N/D-2016)
96. Draw the torque slip characteristics of single phase induction motor. (N/D-2016, R-08), (M/J-2013, R-08)
97. Name the motor being used in ceiling fans. (M/J-2016), (M/J-2014, R-08)
98. Distinguish the terms rotating and pulsating magnetic fields. (A/M-2015, R-08)
99. What are inherent characteristics of plain 1-phase induction motor? (N/D-2013, R-08)
100. What is the advantage of capacitor start induction motor over split-phase induction motor? (M/J-2012, R-08)
101. Why centrifugal switches are provided in many 1-phase induction motors? (M/J-2012, R-08)

Part – B
73. Give the classification of single phase motors. Explain any two types of single phase motor.(13) (A/M-2018)
74. What is the principle and working of hysteresis motor and AC series motor? Explain briefly.(13) (A/M-2018)
75. Describe the constructional features and principle of operation of hysteresis motor and AC series motor. (16) (A/M-2017), (N/D-2016), (16)
(M/J-2014, R-08)
76. Write the brief note about the following:
(i) Repulsion motor (5) (N/D-2015, R-08), (8) (N/D-2013, R-08)
(ii) Hysteresis Motor (5) (N/D-2015, R-08), (8) (N/D-2012, R-08)
(iii) AC series motor (6) (N/D-2015, R-08), (8) (N/D-2013, R-08), (8) (M/J-2013, R-08), (8) (N/D-2016, R-08), (8) (M/J-2016)
77. Describe the principle operation of Hysteresis motor.(5) (N/D-2017), (8) (M/J-2016), (8) (N/D-2015)
78. Explain the constructional details, principles of operation and the applications of Hysterisis motor. (10) (N/D-2014, R-08)
79. Explain the theory of AC series motor. (8) (A/M-2017, R-08)
80. Explain the two field revolving theory for a single phase induction motor.(8) (N/D-2017), (16) (N/D-2012, R-08)
81. Illustrate the operation of single phase induction motor with double field revolving theory.(8) (A/M-2017, R-08) . (8) (N/D-2016), (8) (A/M-
2015, R-08)
82. Using double revolving field theory explain why a single phase induction motor is not self starting. (8) (N/D-2016, R-08), (8) (M/J-2013, R-
08), (8) (M/J-2012, R-08)
83. Using double field revolving theory, explain why a single phase induction motor is not self starting. Also obtain the equivalent circuit of
single phase induction motor with necessary equations. (16) (N/D-2015), (16) (M/J-2014, R-08)
84. Derive the equivalent circuit of single phase induction motor with the help of double field revolving theory. (8) (N/D-2014, R-08)
85. Explain, why single phase induction motor is not self starting? Also explain about the Double revolving field theory. (16) (N/D-2015, R-08)
86. Explain the no-load and blocked rotor tests on a single phase induction motor.(7) (N/D-2017)
87. Explain the no-load test and blocked rotor test for obtaining the equivalent circuit parameters of a single phase induction motor. (8) (N/D-
2014, R-08)
88. Describe the working principle of any one type of stepper motor.(6) (N/D-2017)
89. Write a short note on Stepper Motor. (8) (A/M-2017, R-08), (8) (A/M-2015, R-08)
90. Using double field revolving theory, explain why a single phase induction motor is not self starting. Also obtain the equivalent circuit of single
phase induction motor with necessary equations. (16) (A/M-2017)
91. Discuss with neat diagram the operation of shaded pole IM. (8) (N/D-2016), (8) (N/D-2012, R-08), (4) (M/J-2012, R-08)
92. Explain the operation and constructional features of (i) Capacitor start single phase induction motor (8) (N/D-2016, R-08, (4) (M/J-2012,
R-08), (8) (M/J-2013, R-08), (8) (N/D-2013, R-08)
93. Explain in detail the operation of capacitor start and run induction motor. (8) (M/J-2016),
94. Explain the operating principle of Linear Induction motor with neat diagram. (8) (M/J-2016), (8) (N/D-2015)
95. Explain the theory of Brushless DC Machine. (8) (A/M-2015, R-08)
96. What modifications have to be done on a DC series motor to make it to work with single phase AC supply? State the applications of AC series
motors. (6) (N/D-2014, R-08)
97. Explain with suitable diagram the working principle of split-phase (8) (N/D-2013, R-08)
98. Describe the construction and working principle of linear reluctance motor and repulsion motor. (16) (M/J-2012, R-08)

Problems
36. A 220V, 6-pole, 50Hz, single –winding single phase induction motor has the following equivalent circuit parameters as referred to the stator.
Neglect the magnetizing current. When the motor runs at 97% of synchronous speed,
Compute the following: (1) The ratio Emf/Emb. (2) The ratio Tf/Tb. (3) The gross total torque. (8) (A/M-2017, R-08), (A/M-2015, R-08)
37. The equivalent impedance of the main and auxiliary windings in a capacitor motor are (15+j22.5)Ω and (50+j120)Ω respectively, While the
capacitance of the capacitor is 12μF. Determine the line current at starting on a 230 V, 50Hz supply. (8) (N/D-2016, R-08), (8) (M/J-2013, R-
08)

Part-C
1. With neat diagram, explain the construction and operation of shaded pole induction motor.(15) (N/D-2017)