Part 4 Vessel Systems and Machinery

Chapter 8 Electrical Systems

Section 3 Electrical Equipment 4-8-3

3 Rotating Machines

3.1 Application (2010)

All generators and motors of 100 kW (135 hp) and over intended for essential services (see 4-8-1/7.3.3) or
for services indicated in 4-8-3/Table 7 are to be designed, constructed and tested in accordance with the
requirements of 4-8-3/3.
All other rotating electrical machines are to be designed, constructed and tested in accordance with established
industrial practices and manufacturer’s specifications. Manufacturer’s tests for rotating electrical machines
less than 100 kW (135 hp) for essential services or for services indicated in 4-8-3/Table 7 are to include at
least the tests described in 4-8-3/3.15.2 through 4-8-3/3.15.11, regardless of the standard of construction.
The test certificates are to be made available when requested by the Surveyor. Acceptance of machines
will be based on satisfactory performance after installation.

3.3 Definitions
3.3.1 Periodic Duty Rating
The periodic duty rating of a rotating machine is the rated kW load at which the machine can
operate repeatedly, for specified period (N) at the rated load followed by a specified period (R) of
rest and de-energized state, without exceeding the temperature rise given in 4-8-3/Table 4; where
N + R = 10 minutes, and cyclic duty factor is given by N/(N + R) %.
3.3.2 Short-time Rating
The short-time rating of a rotating electrical machine is the rated kW load at which the machine
can operate for a specified time period without exceeding the temperature rise given in 4-8-3/Table 4.
A rest and de-energized period sufficient to re-establish the machine temperature to within 2°C
(3.6°F) of the coolant prior to the next operation is to be allowed. At the beginning of the
measurement, the temperature of the machine is to be within 5°C (9°F) of the coolant.
3.3.3 Non-periodic Duty Rating
The non-periodic duty rating of a rotating electrical machine is the kW load which the machine
can operate continuously, for a specific period of time, or intermittently under the designed variations
of the load and speed within the permissible operating range, respectively; and the temperature
rise, measured when the machine has been run until it reaches a steady temperature condition, is
not to exceed those given in 4-8-3/Table 4.
3.3.4 Continuous Rating
The continuous rating of a rotating electrical machine is the rated kW load at which the machine
can continuously operate without exceeding the steady state temperature rise given in 4-8-3/Table 4.

3.5 Rating (2014)

Generators are to be of continuous rating. Motors are to be of continuous rating unless utilized on an
application which definitely imposes an intermittent duty on the motor.
For maximum ambient temperatures to be used when rating rotating machines, see 4-8-3/1.17.
To satisfy the requirements of 4-8-3/3.1, the required power output of gas turbine prime movers for ship’s
service generator sets is to be based on the maximum expected inlet air temperature.

3.7 Overload/Overcurrent Capability

Overload/overcurrent capabilities for AC and DC generators and motors are to be in accordance with IEC
Publication 60034-1. For convenience, the following requirements for AC generators and motors are provided.
3.7.1 AC Generators (2003)
AC generators are to be capable of withstanding a current equal to 1.5 times the rated current for
not less than 30 seconds. The test may be performed in conjunction with the short-circuit testing,
provided the electrical input energy to the machine is not less than that required for the above
overload capability.

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3.7.2 AC Motors
3.7.2(a) Overcurrent capacity (2003). Three phase induction motors having rated output not
exceeding 315 kW (422 hp) and rated voltage not exceeding 1 kV are to be capable of withstanding
a current equal to 1.5 times the rated current for not less than 2 minutes. For three phase induction
motors having rated outputs above 315 kW (422 hp), the overcurrent capacity is to be in accordance
with the manufacturer’s specification. The test may be performed at a reduced speed.
3.7.2(b) Overload capacity for induction motors (2003). Three phase induction motors, regardless of
duty, are to be capable of withstanding for 15 seconds without stalling, or abrupt change in speed,
an excess torque of 60% above the rated torque, the voltage and frequency being maintained at the
rated values. For windlass motors, see 4-5-1/5.1.3.
3.7.2(c) Overload capacity for synchronous motors. Three phase synchronous motors, regardless
of duty, are to be capable of withstanding an excess torque as specified below for 15 seconds without
falling out of synchronism, the excitation being maintained at the value corresponding to the rated load:
x Synchronous (wound rotor) induction motors: 35% excess torque.
x Synchronous (cylindrical rotor) motors: 35% excess torque.
x Synchronous (salient pole) motors: 50% excess torque.
Synchronous motors fitted with automatic excitation are to meet the same excess torque values
with the excitation equipment operating under normal conditions.

3.9 Short-circuit Capability

Short-circuit capabilities of generators are to be in accordance with IEC Publication 60034-1. Under short-
circuit conditions, generators are to be capable of withstanding the mechanical and thermal stresses
induced by a short-circuit current of at least three times the full load current for at least 2 seconds.

3.11 Construction
3.11.1 Shafting (2006)
3.11.1(a) Rotors of non-integrated auxiliary machinery. The design of the following specified
rotating shafts and components, when not integral with the propulsion shafting, are to comply with
the following:
x Rotor shaft: 4-2-4/5.3.1 and 4-2-4/5.3.2
x Hollow shaft: 4-3-2/5.3
x Key: 4-3-2/5.7 and 4-2-4/5.3.2
x Coupling flanges and bolts: 4-3-2/5.19
3.11.1(b) Rotors of integrated auxiliary machinery (2012). The shaft diameters of the shaft motors
and shaft generators, which are an integral part of the line shafting, are to be evaluated per 4-3-1/5.9.1,
4-3-1/5.9.6i), and 4-3-1/5.9.6ii), for maximum torsional moment (steady and vibratory) acting
within the operating speeds, instead of torsional moment T at rated speed.
The shaft diameter of the motors and generators, that are an integral part of the line shafting, may
also be designed per 4-3-2/5 and are to be evaluated based on engineering analyses per 4-3-2/1.1.
3.11.2 Shaft Circulating Current
Means are to be provided to prevent circulating currents from passing between the journals and
the bearings, where the design and arrangement of the machine is such that damaging current may
be expected, due to the unbalance of magnetic fields.
3.11.3 Lubrication
Rotating machine’s shaft bearings are to have the required lubrication at all rated operating
conditions, and with the vessel inclined as specified in 4-1-1/7.9. Where forced lubrication is
employed, generators are to be fitted with means to shut down their prime movers automatically
upon failure of the generator’s lubricating system. Each self-lubricating sleeve bearing is to be
fitted with a means for visual indication of oil level.

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3.11.4 Cooling
Where water cooling is used, the cooler is to be so arranged to avoid entry of water into the machine,
whether through leakage or condensation in the heat exchanger.
3.11.5 Moisture Condensation Prevention (2014)
All generators, and each propulsion motor, are to be provided with a means to prevent moisture
condensation in the machine when idle.
Motors, rated 50 kW and over, used for essential services and located in damp spaces or exposed to
weather are to be provided with a means to prevent moisture condensation in the machine when idle.
3.11.6 Stator Temperature Detection
AC propulsion generators and motors rated above 500 kW (670 hp) are to be provided with a
means of obtaining the temperatures at each phase of the stationary windings.
3.11.7 Enclosure and Terminal Box
Cable terminal boxes are to be fitted with means to secure the cables. Enclosures of rotating
machines including the cable terminal boxes are to be such as to eliminate mechanical injury and
the risk of damage from water, oil and shipboard atmosphere. The minimum degree of protection
is to be in accordance with 4-8-3/Table 2.
3.11.8 Nameplate Data
Nameplates of corrosion-resistant material are to be provided and are to indicate at least the
following, as applicable:
The manufacturer’s serial number The manufacturer’s name
(or identification mark) The year of manufacture
Type of machine Degree of protection by IP code
Rating The rated output
The rated voltage The rated current
The rated speed The class of insulation
The rated ambient temperature Number of phase
The rated frequency The rated power factor
Type of winding connections Rated exciter voltage
Rated exciter current

3.13 Generator Control

3.13.1 Operating Governors (2004)
An operating governor is to be fitted to each prime mover driving main or emergency generator
and is to be capable of automatically maintaining the speed within the following limits.
3.13.1(a) Steam or gas turbine prime movers:
i) The transient frequency variations in the electrical network when running at the indicated
loads below is to be within r10% of the rated frequency when:
x Running at full load (equal to rated output) of the generator and the maximum
electrical step load is suddenly thrown off;
In the case when a step load equivalent to the rated output of a generator is thrown
off, a transient frequency variation in excess of 10% of the rated frequency may be
acceptable, provided the overspeed protective device, fitted in addition to the governor,
as required by 4-2-3/7.1 or 4-2-4/7.1, is not activated.
x Running at no load and 50% of the full load of the generator is suddenly thrown on,
followed by the remaining 50% after an interval sufficient to restore the frequency to
steady state.
In all instances, the frequency is to return to within r1% of the final steady state condition
in no more than five (5) seconds.

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ii) The permanent frequency variation is to be within r5% of the rated frequency at any load
between no load and the full load.
iii) For gas turbines driving emergency generators, the requirements of 4-8-3/3.13.1(a)i) and
4-8-3/3.13.1(a)ii) above are to be met. However, for purpose of 4-8-3/3.13.1(a)i), where
the sum of all loads that can be automatically connected is larger than 50% of the full load
of the emergency generator, the sum of these loads is to be used.
3.13.1(b) Diesel engine prime mover:
i) The transient frequency variations in the electrical network when running at the indicated
loads below is to be within r10% of the rated frequency when:
x Running at full load (equal to rated output) of the generator and the maximum electrical
step load is suddenly thrown off:
In the case when a step load equivalent to the rated output of a generator is thrown
off, a transient frequency variation in excess of 10% of the rated frequency may be
acceptable, provided the overspeed protective device, fitted in addition to the governor,
as required by 4-2-1/7.5.3, is not activated.
x Running at no load and 50% of the full load of the generator is suddenly thrown on,
followed by the remaining 50% after an interval sufficient to restore the frequency to
steady state.
In all instances, the frequency is to return to within r1% of the final steady state condition
in no more than five (5) seconds. Consideration can be given to alternative methods of
load application as provided in 4-2-1/7.5.1(b) for electrical systems fitted with power
management systems and sequential starting arrangements.
ii) The permanent frequency variation is to be within r5% of the rated frequency at any load
between no load and the full load.
iii) For emergency generators, the requirements of 4-8-3/3.13.1(b)i) and 4-8-3/3.13.1(b)ii)
above are to be met. However, for the purpose of 4-8-3/3.13.1(b)i), where the sum of all loads
that can be automatically connected is larger than 50% of the full load of the emergency
generator, the sum of these loads is to be used.
3.13.2 Automatic Voltage Regulation System
The following requirements are for AC generators. For DC generators, refer to IEC Publications
60092-202 and 60092-301.
3.13.2(a) General. An automatic voltage regulator is to be fitted for each generator. Excitation
current for generators is to be provided by attached rotating exciters or by static exciters deriving
their source of power from the machines being controlled.
3.13.2(b) Variation from rated voltage – steady state. The automatic voltage regulator is to be
capable of maintaining the voltage under steady conditions within r2.5% of the rated voltage for
all loads between zero and the rated load at the rated power factor, taking the governor characteristics
of generator prime movers into account. These limits may be increased to r3.5% for generators for
emergency services.
3.13.2(c) Variation from rated voltage – transient (2007). Momentary voltage variations are to
be within the range of 15% to +20% of the rated voltage, and the voltage is to be restored to
within r3% of the rated voltage in not more than 1.5 seconds when:
x A load equal to the starting current of the largest motor or a group of motors, but in any case,
at least 60% of the rated current of the generator, and power factor of 0.4 lagging or less, is
suddenly thrown on with the generator running at no load; and
x A load equal to the above is suddenly thrown off.

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Section 3 Electrical Equipment 4-8-3

Consideration may be given to performing the test required by 4-8-3/3.15.4 according to precise
information concerning the maximum values of the sudden loads instead of the values indicated
above, provided precise information is available. The precise information concerning the maximum
values of the sudden loads is to be based on the power management system arrangements and
starting arrangements provided for the electrical system.
3.13.2(d) Short-circuit condition. Under short-circuit conditions, the excitation system is to be
capable of maintaining a steady-state short-circuit current for 2 seconds or for such magnitude and
duration as required to properly actuate the electrical protective devices. See 4-8-3/3.9.
3.13.3 Parallel Operation
3.13.3(a) General. When it is intended that two or more generators be operated in parallel, means
are to be provided to divide the reactive power equally between the generators in proportion to the
generator capacity.
3.13.3(b) Reactive load sharing. The reactive loads of the individual generating sets are not to
differ from their proportionate share of the combined reactive load by more than 10% of the rated
reactive output of the largest generator, or 25% of the smallest generator, whichever is the less.
3.13.3(c) kW load sharing. In the range between 20% and 100% of the sum of the rated loads of
all generators, the kW load on any generator is not to differ more than r15% of the rated output
kW of the largest generator, or 25% of the rated output kW of the individual generator, whichever
is the less, from its proportionate share. The starting point for the determination of the foregoing
load-distribution requirements is to be at 75% load with each generator carrying its proportionate
share.

3.15 Testing
3.15.1 Machines to be Tested and Test Schedule (2010)
Each design of generator and motor of 100 kW (135 hp) and over, intended for essential services
(see 4-8-1/7.3.3), or for services indicated in 4-8-3/Table 7, is to be assessed by testing in accordance
with the “type tests” schedule indicated in 4-8-3/Table 3. Each subsequent production unit of an
accepted design is to be tested in accordance with the “routine tests” schedule indicated also in
4-8-3/Table 3.
3.15.2 Insulation Resistance Measurement
Immediately after the high voltage tests, the insulation resistance is to be measured using a direct
current insulation tester between:
i) All current carrying parts connected together and earth;
ii) All current carrying parts of different polarity or phase, where both ends of each polarity
or phase are individually accessible.
The minimum values of test voltage and corresponding insulation resistance are given in the table
below. The insulation resistance is to be measured close to the operating temperature. If this is not
possible, an approved method of calculation is to be used.

Rated Voltage, Minimum Test Minimum Insulation

Un (V) Voltage (V) Resistance (M:)
Un d 250 2Un 1
250 < Un d 1000 500 1
1000< Un d 7200 1000 Un/1000 + 1
7200 < Un d 15000 5000 Un/1000 + 1

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3.15.3 Winding Resistance Measurement

The resistance of the machine winding is to be measured and recorded, using an appropriate bridge
method or voltage and current method.
3.15.4 Verification of Voltage Regulation System
Tests are to be conducted on generators to verify that the automatic voltage regulation system is
capable of achieving the performance described in 4-8-3/3.13.2
3.15.5 Rated Load Test and Temperature Rise Measurements
The temperature rises are to be measured after running at the output, voltage, frequency and duty
for which the machine is rated. The limits of temperature rise are to be as specified in 4-8-3/Table 4.
3.15.6 Overload/Overcurrent Tests
Tests are to be conducted on generators and motors to demonstrate that their overload/overcurrent
capabilities are as described in 4-8-3/3.7.
3.15.7 Short-circuit Capability Tests
Tests are to be conducted on AC generators to demonstrate that the generator and its automatic voltage
regulation system are capable of sustaining without damage, under steady-state short-circuit condition,
a current of three times the rated current for 2 seconds. See 4-8-3/3.9 and 4-8-3/3.13.2(d).
3.15.8 Overspeed Test (2003)
AC generators and, where specified and agreed upon between purchaser and manufacturer, AC motors
are to withstand without damage a test run at 1.2 times the rated speed for at least 2 minutes. This
test is not applicable to squirrel cage motors.
Where specified and agreed upon between purchaser and manufacturer, DC generators and motors
are to withstand a test run without damage for the following overspeed tests for at least 2 minutes:

DC Machine Type Overspeed Requirements

Generators 1.2 times the rated speed
Shunt-wounded and separately 1.2 times the highest rated speed, or
excited motors 1.15 times the corresponding no-load speed, whichever is the greater
Compound-wounded motors having 1.2 times the higher rated speed, or
speed regulation of 35% or less 1.15 times the corresponding no-load speed, whichever is the greater,
but not exceeding 1.5 times the highest rated speed
Compound-wounded motors having The manufacturer is to assign a maximum safe operating speed
speed regulation greater than 35% or which is to be marked on the rating plate. The overspeed for these
and series-wounded motors motors is to be 1.1 times the maximum safe operating speed.

3.15.9 Dielectric Strength Test (2003)

The dielectric strength of all rotating machines is to be tested with all parts assembled and in a
condition equivalent to a normal working condition. The following requirements apply to those
machines, other than high voltage systems covered by 4-8-5/3.13.1. The test voltage is to be
applied between the windings under test and the frame of the machine, with the windings not
under test and the core connected to the frame.
The test voltage is to be a voltage of sinusoidal wave form and a frequency of 25 Hz to 60 Hz. It is
to be applied continuously for 60 seconds. The standard test voltage for all rotating machines is
twice the rated voltage plus 1000 V, with a minimum of 1500 V, except for machine parts
specified in the table below:

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Machine Part Test Voltage (rms)

Field windings of synchronous generators,
synchronous motors and synchronous condensers:
a) For all machines, except that in b) a) Ten times the rated field voltage with a minimum
of 1500 V and a maximum of 3500 V
b) For motors started with field winding b) 1000 V + twice the maximum value of the
connected across resistance of more than ten voltage with a minimum of 1500 V
times of the field winding resistance
Phase-wound rotors of induction motors:
a) For non-reversing motors or motors a) 1000 V + twice the open-circuit standstill
reversible from standstill only secondary voltage
b) For motors reversible by reversing the b) 1000 V + four times the open-circuit standstill
primary supply while running secondary voltage

Where a temperature rise test is to be performed, such as when performing type tests, the dielectric
strength test is to be carried out immediately after this test.
Test voltage for other machines is to be in accordance with IEC Publication 60034-1, Clause 17.
3.15.10 Running Balance Test
Motors are to be operated at no load and at rated speed while being supplied with a rated voltage
and frequency; and in the case of a generator, driven by a suitable means and excited to give rated
terminal voltage. The vibration of the machine and operation of the bearing lubrication system,
where applicable, are to be checked and found satisfactory.
3.15.11 Bearings
Upon completion of tests in 4-8-3/3.15.10, machines having sleeve bearings are to be opened to
establish that the shaft is properly seated in the bearings.

3.17 Certification (2010)

Each generator and motor of 100 kW (135 hp) and over intended for essential services (see 4-8-1/7.3.3), or
for services indicated in 4-8-3/Table 7 is to be certified based on design review and type and routine tests
performed in accordance with 4-8-3/Table 3 in the presence of a Surveyor.
At the option of the manufacturer, each machine design or type may be maintained on record as a design-
assessed product in accordance with the provisions of 1-1-A3/5.1. In which case, each production unit of
the type may be certified based only on routine test carried out to the satisfaction of a Surveyor at the
manufacturer’s facilities.
Further, at the option of the manufacturer, the quality assurance system of the manufacturing facilities may
also be assessed in accordance with 1-1-A3/5.5. In which case, and along with approval of the design, the
machine may be deemed type approved, and each production unit may be certified based on an audit by a
Surveyor of the quality records maintained by the manufacturer. The machine may be posted on the ABS
website, http://www.eagle.org/typeapproval.

5 Switchboards, Motor Controllers, etc.

5.1 Application
Main and emergency switchboards, power and lighting distribution boards, motor control centers and
motor controllers, and battery charging and discharging boards are to be designed, constructed and tested
in accordance with the provisions of this Subsection.

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