University of Human Development

College of Science and Technology

Department of Information Technology

Class 2

Virtualization
 Content
§ Introduction to virtualization
§ Some problems you are facing in Cloud Computing
§ Cloud computing vs virtualization
§ Hypervisor
§ A hardware virtualization reference model
§ Taxonomy of virtualization techniques
§ Hardware virtualization techniques
§ Why Virtualize?
§ Types of Virtualization
§ Benefits of Virtualization 2
 Introduction to virtualization

n It is one of the ways in which you will access

services on the cloud.
n It helps in creating a multitenant model for the
cloud environment by optimizing the resource
usage through sharing.

n Virtualization technologies are used to offer

configurable computing environments and
storage.
n Using virtualization, the physical infrastructure
owned by the service provider is shared among
many users, increasing the resource utilization.

3
 Some problems you are facing in Cloud Computing
n Some problems you are facing in Cloud Computing ?
n Clients will request different operating system.

n Clients will request different storage size.

n Clients will request different network bandwidth.

n Clients will change their requests anytime.

n Clients will …

n Is there any good strategy ?

n Allocate a new physical machine for each incomer.

n Prepare a pool of pre-installed machines for different

requests.
n or …
4
 Some problems you are facing in Cloud Computing
n What if we allocate a new physical machine for each
incomer ?

5
Some problems you are facing in Cloud Computing

6
 Cloud computing vs virtualization
§ Cloud Computing
§ On demand provision of computational resources
(Infrastructure, Platform, Software).
§ Requires high availability of resources and optimum use.

7
 Cloud computing vs virtualization
n Virtualization is the ability to run multiple operating systems
on a single physical system and share the underlying
hardware resources.
n It is the process by which one computer hosts the appearance
of many computers.
n One physical hardware can run multiple OS and applications
through a hypervisor.
Applications
Application
Application
Application
Application
Operating
Operating
OperatingSystem
Operating
Operating System
System
System
System

Hypervisor

Hardware
8
 Virtualization in Cloud Computing
• Cloud computing have ability to virtualize and share resources among
different applications.
• Virtual workspaces:
• An abstraction of an execution environment available to authorized clients
• Use protocols, Resource (CPU, memory share) and Software configuration .

• Access to the virtual machine and the host machine or server is

facilitated by a software known as Hypervisor.
• Hypervisor
• link between the hardware and the virtual environment
• distributes the hardware resources between the different virtual environments.
• VMWare, Xen, KVM, etc. App App App
OS OS OS
Hypervisor
Hardware
Virtualized Stack
9
 Hypervisor
n A hypervisor, a.k.a. a virtual machine manager/monitor
(VMM), or virtualization manager, is a program that allows
multiple operating systems to share a single hardware host.
n Each guest operating system appears to have the host's
processor, memory, and other resources all to itself.
n However, hypervisor is actually controlling the host processor
and resources and in turn allocates what is needed to each OS.
 Hypervisor
§ Hypervisor plays an important role in the virtualization scenario by
virtualization of hardware. It provides support for running multiple
operating systems concurrently in virtual servers created within a physical
server.

§ The virtualization layer is the software responsible for hosting and

managing all VMs. The virtualization layer is a hypervisor running directly
on the hardware. Example: VMWare, Xen, KVM.
 Virtualization in Cloud Computing
n Obviously, neither of previous strategies will work.
n We need more powerful techniques to deal with that.
n Virtualization techniques will help.

n For computation resources

n Virtual Machine technique
n For storage resources
n Virtual Storage technique
n For communication resources
n Virtual Network technique

12
 Server without virtualization
§ Only one OS can run at a time
within a server.
§ Under utilization of resources. Multiple Software
§ Hardware changes require Applications
manual effort and access to Hardware
Operating System
the physical server.

CPU Memory NIC

DISK

13
 Server with virtualization
§ Can run multiple OS
simultaneously.
§ Each OS can have different
hardware configuration.
§ Efficient utilization of hardware
resources.
§ Each virtual machine is
independent.
§ Save electricity, initial cost to buy
servers, space etc.
§ Easy to manage and monitor
virtual machines centrally.
14
 Hardware virtualization reference model
§ The machine on which the virtual
machine is created is known as host
machine (original environment where
guest runs).

§ Virtualmachine is referred as
a guest machine (system component
that interacts with Virtualization Layer).

§ This virtual machine is managed

by a software or firmware, which is
known as hypervisor or VMM(Virtual
machine monitor). (Recreate the same
or different environment where guest will
run).
15
 Taxonomy of Virtualization Techniques
n Virtualization is mainly used to emulate execution
environment , storage and networks.
n Execution Environment classified into two :-
§ Process-level – implemented on top of an existing
operating system.
§ System-level – implemented directly on hardware and
do not or minimum requirement of existing operating
system

16
Taxonomy of Virtualization Techniques

17
 Hypervisor TYPE
n Type I Hypervisor.(known as
native or bare-metal
hypervisors)
§ This type of hypervisor runs
directly on the host computer’s
hardware in order to control the
hardware resources and also to
manage the guest OSs.
§ Examples include VMware ESXi,
Citrix XenServer, and Microsoft
Hyper-V hypervisor.
18
 Hypervisor TYPE
n Type II Hypervisor.(known as the
hosted hypervisors)
§ Require the support of an operating
system to provide virtualization services.
§ Runs virtual machines on top of a host OS
(windows, Unix etc.)
§ Relies on host OS for physical resource
management.
§ Host operating system provides drivers
for communicating with the server
hardware.
§ E.g.: VirtualBox, VMware Workstation.
19
 HYPERVISOR implementation approaches
Full virtualization
§ In full virtualization, the entire
system is emulated (BIOS, drive,
and so on).
§ Guest OS is not aware that it is
being virtualized.
§ Execute and binary translation
techniques to achieve full
virtualization of server systems.

20
 Advantages and disadvantage of Full virtualization

Full virtualization
§ The advantages of the full virtualization include isolation
among the various VMs, isolation between the VMs and the
hypervisor.
§ Concurrent execution of multiple OSs, and no change
required in the guest OS.
§ A disadvantage is that the overall system performance may
be affected due to binary translation.

21
 HYPERVISOR implementation approaches
Para virtualization
§ Special API that a modified guest OS
§ In this type of virtualization, partial
simulation of the underlying hardware
infrastructure is achieved.
§ Guest OS is aware of the fact that it is
running in a virtualized environment.
§ In this case, hypercalls are used for
the direct communication between the
guest OS and the hypervisor.

22
 Advantages and disadvantage of Paravirtualization

Paravirtualization

§ An advantage of this approach is that it improves the overall

system performance by eliminating the overhead of binary
translation.
§ A disadvantage could be that a modification of the guest OS
is required.

23
 Hardware-Assisted Virtualization
§ In this type of virtualization, hardware
products supporting the virtualization are
used.
§ Intel has released its processor with its
virtualization technology VT-x, and AMD
have released its processor with its
virtualization technology AMD-v to
support the virtualization.
§ An advantage of this approach could be
that it eliminates the overhead of binary
translation and paravirtualization.
§ A disadvantage includes the lack of
support from all vendors
24
 Why need Virtualization?
n More powerful hardware, allowing each machine to
run multiple applications simultaneously.
n Pressure to lower IT costs and simplify IT
administration.
n Need to manage large-scale installations and clusters,
such as server farms.
n Improved security, reliability, scalability, and device
independence.
n Ability to mix multiple operating systems on same
hardware.
25
 Types of Virtualization
§ OS Virtualization
§ In OS virtualization, a desktop’s main OS is moved into a virtual
environment. The computer that is used by the service consumers
remains on their desk, but the OS is hosted on a server elsewhere.

§ Usually, there is one version of the OS on the server, and copies of that
individual OS are given to the individual user. Various users can then
modify the OS as they wish, without affecting the other users.
 Types of Virtualization
§ Server Virtualization
§ In server virtualization, existing physical servers are moved into a virtual
environment, which is then hosted on a physical server.

§ Modern servers can host more than one server simultaneously, which
allows the users to reduce the number of servers to be reserved for
various purposes.

§ Hence, IT and administrative expenditures are reduced.

 Types of Virtualization
§ Memory Virtualization
§ The mapping of physical to virtual memory is performed by the
hypervisor software.

§ Also, the main memory consolidation in the virtualized cloud DCs could
be performed by the hypervisor

§ by aggregating the free memory segments of various servers to create a

virtual memory pool that could be utilized by the VMs.
 Types of Virtualization
§ Storage Virtualization
§ In storage virtualization, multiple physical hard drives are combined into
a single virtualized storage environment.

§ In the case of storage virtualization, physical storage disks are

abstracted to a virtual storage media.

§ In cloud DCs, high availability and backup of the user’s data are
achieved through storage virtualization technology.
 Types of Virtualization
§ Network Virtualization
§ In network virtualization (NV), logical virtual networks are created from
the underlying physical network.

§ The physical networking components such as the router, switch, or

network interface card could be virtualized by the hypervisor to create
logical equivalent components.
 Types of Virtualization
§ Application Virtualization
§ In application virtualization, the single application installed on the
central server is virtualized and the various virtualized components of
the application will be given to the users requesting the services.

§ An example is the Java Virtual Machine (JVM).

Benefits of Virtualization
 Benefits of Virtualization
n Eliminates the risk of system failure
§ The data can store in the cloud it can retrieve anytime and with the help of
any device. Even if a server crashes with the help of the second server the
customer can access the data.
n Flexible transfer of data
§ The data can transfer to the virtual server and retrieve anytime. With the
help of virtualization, it will very easy to locate the required data and
transfer them to the allotted authorities. This transfer of data has no limit
and can transfer to a long distance with the minimum charge possible.
 Benefits of Virtualization
n Security
§ During the process of virtualization security is one of the important
concerns. The security can be provided with the help of firewalls, which will
help to prevent unauthorized access and will keep the data confidential.
n Flexible operations
§ With the help of a virtual network, the work of it professional is becoming
more efficient and agile. It eliminates the problem of recovering the data
from crashed or corrupted devices and hence saves time.
n Economical
§ Virtualization in Cloud Computing, save the cost for a physical system such
as hardware and servers. It stores all the data in the virtual server.