ES 114ea (ENGINEERING DRAWINGS AND PLAN)

HAND-OUT

TOPIC I: INTRODUCTION TO ENGINEERING DRAWINGS AND PLAN

I.1 Drawing
The graphical representation of any object or idea can be termed as drawing. A drawing can be prepared
either using free hand or using engineering instruments or using computer program

I.2 Types of Drawing

1. Artistic Drawing
The drawing representing any object or idea which is sketched in free hand using imagination of artist
and in which proper scaling and dimensioning is not maintained is called an artistic drawing. Example: Painting,
Posters, arts etc.
2. Engineering Drawing
Engineering drawing can be defined as a graphical language used by engineers and other technical
personnel associated with the engineering profession which fully and clearly defines the requirements for
engineered items. It is a two dimensional representation of a three dimensional object.
In other words, The art of representing a real or imaginary object precisely using some graphics,
symbols, letters and numbers with the help of engineering drawing instruments is called engineering drawing.
The art of representing engineering objects such as buildings, roads, machines, circuits etc. on a paper is
called engineering drawing. It is used by engineers and technologists. An engineering drawing provides all
information about size, shape, surface type, materials etc. of the object. Example: Building drawing for civil
engineers, Machine drawing for mechanical engineers, Circuit diagrams for electrical and electronics engineers,
computer graphics for one and all etc.

Table 1.1 Difference Between Artistic and Engineering Drawing

Artistic Drawing Engineering Drawing
Purpose of artistic drawing is to convey emotion or Purpose of engineering drawing is to convey
artistic sensitivity in some way. information about engineering object or idea.
Need some specific knowledge or training to
Can be understood by all.
understand
Scale maintaining is not necessary Scale maintaining is necessary
Engineering drawing instruments is used to make the
No special requirement of engineering instruments.
drawing precise.
An artistic drawing may not be numerically specific An engineering drawing must be numerically specific
and informative. and informative.
Standard drawing code need not to be followed. Standard drawing code (like ISO, ANSI, JIS, BS etc,)
must be maintained.

I.3 Purpose of Engineering drawing

It is very difficult and complex to explain some certain engineering requirements in word. In such cases
well dimensioned and properly scaled graphics can make it easy to understand that for technical personnel.
Engineering drawing serves this purpose. Any product that is to be manufactured, fabricated, assembled,
constructed, built, or subjected to any other types of conversion process must first be designed. To make the
outcome from the design understandable to any third party engineering drawing is the best way.

I.4 Applications of Engineering Drawing

Engineering drawing is an essential part of almost all engineering projects. Some important uses of
engineering drawing are mentioned below:
1. It is used in ships for navigation.
2. For manufacturing of machines, automobiles etc.
3. For construction of buildings, roads, bridges, dams, electrical and telecommunication structures etc.
4. For manufacturing of electric appliances like TV, phone, computers etc.

I.5 Types of Engineering Drawing

Engineering drawing can be grouped into following 4 major categories:
1. Geometrical Drawing
a. Plane geometrical drawing
b. Solid geometrical drawing
2. Mechanical Engineering Drawing
3. Civil Engineering Drawing
4. Electrical & Electronics Engineering drawing etc.
 I.5.1 Geometric Drawing
The art of representing geometric objects such as rectangles, squares, cubes, cones, cylinders,
spheres etc. on a paper is called geometric drawing. If the object has only 2 dimensions i.e. length and
breadth (as rectangles, squares, triangles etc.), it is called Plane geometrical drawing and if it has 3
dimensions i.e. length, breadth and thickness/depth (as cube, prism, sphere, cylinder etc.), it is called
Solid geometrical drawing.

I.5.2 Mechanical Engineering Drawing

The art of representing mechanical engineering objects such as machines, machine parts etc. on
a paper are called mechanical engineering drawing or machine drawing. It is used by mechanical
engineers to express mechanical engineering works and projects for actual execution.

I.5.3 Civil Engineering Drawing

The art of representing civil engineering objects such as buildings, roads, bridges, dams etc. on a
paper are called civil engineering drawing. It is used by civil engineers to express civil engineering works
and projects for actual execution.

I.5.4 Electrical & Electronics Engineering Drawing

The art of representing electrical engineering objects such as motors, generators, transformers,
wiring diagrams etc. on a paper are called electrical engineering drawing. It is used by electrical
engineers to express electrical engineering works and projects for actual execution.
The art of representing electronic circuits of TV, Phones, computers etc. on a paper are called
electronic engineering drawing or electronic drawing. It is used by electronic engineers to express
electronic engineering works and projects for actual execution.

1.6 Specific Purposes of Studying Civil Engineering Drawing

One needs to study civil engineering drawing for the following purposes:
1. To develop the ability to produce simple civil engineering drawing and sketches based on current
practice.
2. To develop the skills to read and understand the drawings used in civil engineering projects.
3. To develop a working knowledge of the layout of buildings, bridges, highways etc. and other civil
engineering structures.
4. To develop skills in abstracting information from calculation sheets and schematic diagrams to
produce working drawings for masons, construction managers and field workers who execute civil
engineering projects.

1.7 Types of Civil Engineering drawing

Civil engineering drawing of a civil work project can be classified in two broad categories:
1. Architectural Drawing
a. Plan:
It shows the position of different objects and elements of the structure in a two dimensional
view. Only length and width of objects are shown here.
b. Elevation and Section:
It shows a view along the height of structure. Elevation can be presented in 2D or 3D. In 2D
elevation view either height and length or height and width is showed.
2. Structural Drawing
It shows the detail requirement of reinforcement and their arrangement in structure. It also
shows the specification and properties of construction materials like concrete, steel, timber etc.

1.8 Elements of Engineering Drawing

1.9 Drawing Standards

An engineering drawing should be well specified and universally acceptable. That’s why there are some
specified rules for engineering drawing. These rules may vary slightly for different regions. There are some
drawing standards or drawing codes that accumulates the rules of engineering drawing for a certain region.
Well-known drawing codes and their application region is expressed below:

Table 1.2 Drawing Standards

Country/Regio Code/Standard Full Meaning
n
Worldwide ISO International Organization for Standardization
USA ANSI American National Standards Institute
JAPAN JIS Japanese Industrial Standards
UK BS British Standards