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Math 501 Problem Set Topic: Fraction: Submitted To: Ms. Rosyl S. Matin-Ao, MAT-Math Submitted By: Buscagan, Valleree T

The document provides definitions and examples for key fraction concepts including: - A fraction represents a part of a whole and is written as a ratio of two integers separated by a slash. - Fractions can be similar (same denominator), unlike (different denominators), proper (numerator less than denominator), improper (numerator greater than or equal to denominator), or mixed (combination of whole number and proper fraction). - Equivalent fractions have the same value but different numerators and denominators. They can be obtained by multiplying the original fraction by the same non-zero whole number. - Fractions can be reduced to lowest terms by dividing the numerator and denominator by their greatest common factor. - To add, subtract

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40 views

Math 501 Problem Set Topic: Fraction: Submitted To: Ms. Rosyl S. Matin-Ao, MAT-Math Submitted By: Buscagan, Valleree T

The document provides definitions and examples for key fraction concepts including: - A fraction represents a part of a whole and is written as a ratio of two integers separated by a slash. - Fractions can be similar (same denominator), unlike (different denominators), proper (numerator less than denominator), improper (numerator greater than or equal to denominator), or mixed (combination of whole number and proper fraction). - Equivalent fractions have the same value but different numerators and denominators. They can be obtained by multiplying the original fraction by the same non-zero whole number. - Fractions can be reduced to lowest terms by dividing the numerator and denominator by their greatest common factor. - To add, subtract

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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Math 501

Problem Set
Topic: Fraction

Submitted to: Ms. Rosyl S. Matin-ao, MAT-Math


Submitted by: Buscagan, Valleree T.
Fraction
A fraction is a "part" of a "whole". It is also a ratio between two integers separated by
a solidus (/) or a vinculum (__). The upper part of a fraction is called a numerator
and the lower part is called a denominator.
Examples:

1/2, 6/7, 7/8, 4/3, 1/10, 11/5

TERMS TO REMEMBER:
Dividend A number or quantity that is being divided.

Divisor A number or quantity that divides another quantity.

Equivalent Being essentially equal.

Integer A positive or negative whole number.

Ratio A relationship between two or more numbers.

Reciprocal Multiplicative inverse of a quantity.

Similar Having the same characteristics.

Simplify To make simpler or reduce complexity.

Unlike Having different characteristics.

Whole Either a zero (0) or a counting number.


Number
A. SIMILAR AND UNLIKE FRACTIONS
Similar (Like) fractions are fractions with same denominators. On the other hand,
dissimilar (Unlike) fractions are fractions with different denominators.
a. Similar Fraction - Fractions with same denominators (bottom numbers).
Examples:
1/6, 5/6, 13/6, 19/6
b. Unlike Fraction - Fractions with different denominators (bottom numbers).
Examples:
2/9, 7/8, 14/25, 26/4

 How to convert unlike fractions into similar fractions


1. Find LCM (least common multiple) of the denominators.
2. Convert the fractions to equivalent fractions with denominators equal to the
LCM.

B. EQUIVALENT FRACTIONS
Equivalent fractions are fractions that have the same value but have different
numerators and denominators.
Example:
12/15 = 4/5

 How to find equivalent fractions:


Multiplying the numerator and the denominator of a fraction by the same nonzero
whole number will change that fraction into an equivalent fraction, but it will not
change its value. Equivalent fractions may look different, but they have the same
value. Let's look at some more examples of equivalent fractions.
Example:
6/15 = (2⋅3/5⋅3) = 2/5
10/50= (2⋅5/2⋅5⋅5) = 1/5
C. REDUCING FRACTIONS TO LOWEST TERMS
A fraction is in its lowest or simplest term when the numerator and denominator have
no common factors other than 1. We achieve this by dividing the numerator and
denominator by its Greatest Common Factor (GCF), also called the Greatest
Common Divisor (GFD).
Example:
Find the factors of 18 and 27.

Now we reduce the fraction by dividing both the numerator and denominator by their
greatest common factor, that is, 9.
18/27=2/3
2/3 is in its lowest form since 2 and 3 have no common factors other than 1.

D. PROPER, IMPROPER, AND MIXED FRACTIONS


There are three types of fractions:
• Proper fraction - where the numerator is less than the denominator
• Improper fraction - where the numerator is greater than the
denominator
• Mixed fraction - consists of a whole number and a proper fraction

a. Proper Fraction - a fraction in which numerator is less than denominator is


called proper fraction, means a fraction that is less than 1.
Example:
¼, ½, 3/8
b. Improper Fraction - fraction in which numerator is greater than or equal to
denominator is called proper fraction, means a fraction that is greater than or
equal to 1.
Example:
4/3, 7/8, 5/3
c. Mixed Fraction - A mixed number is a fraction that includes both whole
number and a proper fraction.
Example:
2 ½, 4 4/5, 3 6/7
E. HOW TO SUBTRACT FRACTIONS
Just like with addition, subtracting fractions having similar denominators will
just subtract the numerators and remain the denominator. Also similar with the
case of fractions having unlike denominators, the least common denominator
(LCD) should be get first then change the fractions into equivalent fractions
with the LCD as the denominator. But these conditions are only applicable if
the fractions are not mixed numbers.

Methods for subtracting Two or More Mixed Numbers

a. First Method
Convert the mixed number into an improper fraction. If the proper fractions have
unlike denominators, get the LCD and change the fractions into equivalent fractions
using the LCD as the denominator. Subtract the numerators and remain the LCD as
the denominator. Reduce to lowest terms.
b. Second Method

 If the larger mixed number has a smaller proper fraction than the smaller mixed
number, subtract the whole number of the larger mixed fraction by 1 and add 1 to the
proper fraction. By adding 1 to the proper fraction, it will become a mixed number.
The new larger mixed number will be a whole number added by a mixed number
with 1 as the whole number. Change the mixed number (with 1 as the whole
number) into an improper fraction. Subtract the whole number of the smaller mixed
number from the whole number of the new larger mixed number. If the proper
fractions have similar denominators, subtract the numerators directly and remain the
denominator as it is. But if the proper fractions have unlike denominators, get the
LCD and change the fractions into equivalent fractions using the LCD as the
denominator then subtract the numerators and remain the LCD as the
denominator.  Reduce to lowest terms. 

Note:   
The second method is only applicable when the larger mixed number has a smaller
proper fraction than the smaller mixed number.
F. MULTIPLYING FRACTIONS

Multiplication of fractions is easier as compared to addition and subtraction of


fractions: just multiply the numerators and multiply the denominators of the fractions.
In the case of mixed numbers, you must convert the mixed number into an improper
fraction before multiplying. Reduce the product to lowest terms as much as possible.

G. DIVIDING FRACTIONS
Division of fraction involves multiplication of the dividend with the reciprocal of the
divisor. The numerator of the dividend is multiplied by the denominator of the divisor
and this constitutes the numerator of the quotient. The denominator of the dividend is
multiplied by the numerator of the divisor and this constitutes the denominator of the
quotient. Similar to multiplication of fractions, mixed numbers should be converted
into improper fractions first and also reduced the quotient to lowest terms as
possible.
1. Is 12/15 equal to 4/5?

2. Are 9/12 and 12/18 equal?
3. Reduce 36/56 to its lowest term
4. Is 4343 a improper fraction?
5.

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