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Multiplication

Multiplication is a mathematical operation that involves adding numbers repeatedly to find the result. It is denoted by symbols like x, *, or ., or the word "times". A multiplication sentence contains factors, an operator, and a product. Factors are the numbers being multiplied, and the product is the result. Properties of multiplication include commutativity, associativity, identity, and distribution. Commutativity means the order of factors does not matter. Associativity refers to grouping of factors. Identity means multiplying any number by 1 does not change it. Distribution means a number distributes over addition and subtraction. Sample word problems ask the reader to calculate totals, costs, or amounts given certain quantities and per-item values.

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82 views

Multiplication

Multiplication is a mathematical operation that involves adding numbers repeatedly to find the result. It is denoted by symbols like x, *, or ., or the word "times". A multiplication sentence contains factors, an operator, and a product. Factors are the numbers being multiplied, and the product is the result. Properties of multiplication include commutativity, associativity, identity, and distribution. Commutativity means the order of factors does not matter. Associativity refers to grouping of factors. Identity means multiplying any number by 1 does not change it. Distribution means a number distributes over addition and subtraction. Sample word problems ask the reader to calculate totals, costs, or amounts given certain quantities and per-item values.

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© © All Rights Reserved
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Multiplication

What is Multiplication?
Multiplication is a mathematical operation of finding the result of two or more numbers by repeated
additions of the numbers.
Multiplication is usually denoted by a cross sign (x), however other symbols such as asterisk (*),
dot(.) and the phrase “times” are also used.
Parts of Multiplication
A multiplication sentence consists of two parts, namely the mathematical expression and the
product. A mathematical expression consists of factors and the operator or symbol of multiplication.
For example, in a mathematical expression: 5 x 2 = 10, the portion “2 x 5”is the mathematical
expression composed of 2 and 5 as factors, and operator. The product in this case is 10.
We can further breakdown factors into multiplicand and multiplier:
 Multiplicand is a number multiplied by another number.
 Multiplier is a number with which multiply.
 Product is a result of multiplying.
Properties of Multiplication
Learning properties of multiplication is helpful in simplifying and solving mathematical problems
involving multiplication.
 Commutative
In multiplication, the commutative property implies that, the order of multiplication of two or more
numbers does not affect the final answer. In general, for a multiplication sentence: m x n = n x m.
For example, 4 x 5 is the same as 5 x 4. This property also applies when multiplying a large group
of numbers. For instance, 4 x 3 x 2 = 2 x 3 x 4.
 Associative
In multiplication, the associative property states that grouping of the numbers does not affect the
ultimate answer when multiplying a series of numbers together. Generally, groupings in any
mathematical expression are indicated by parentheses or brackets. We can summary this property
as: m x (n x p) = (m x n) x p. For example, (2 x 4) x 6 = 2 x (4 x 6).
 Identity
This property states that, multiplication of any number with number one does not change the value
of the number. In other words, this property can be written as 1 x a = a. For example, 1 x 8 = 8.
 Distributive
The distributive property for multiplication states that, an expression consisting of addition or
subtraction of values multiplied by a number is equivalent to the sum or difference of the numbers
in the expression.
In general, m x (n + p) = m x n + m x p, and m x (n – p) = m x n – m x p. For example, 2 x (3 + 4) =
2 x 3 + 2 x 4.

Practice Questions
1. A file has 4 folders and each folder contain 56 sheets of papers. Calculate the total sheets of
papers in the file?
2. A carton of biscuits contains 24 packets and each packet contain 12 biscuits? Calculate the
total number of biscuits that can be packed in 45 cartons?
3. The cost of a text book is $ 67. Calculate the cost of such 102 text books?
4. A man has a monthly salary of $ 2625. How much does he earn per year?
5. The cost of a chair and table are $ 452 and $ 1750 respectively. Calculate the total cost of
15 chairs and 30 tables?

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