IMSO 2014 Bali, Indonesia

October, 5th —11th 2014

Experiment 1
Measuring the Vitamin C Content in Various Samples
Vitamin C is an essential nutrient for humans and certain animal species. Vitamin
C refers to the number of vitamers that contain vitamin C activity in animals, including
ascorbic acid and its salts, and some oxidized forms of the molecule like
dehydroascorbic acid. Ascorbate and ascorbic acid are both naturally present in the
body when either of these is introduced into the cells, since the forms interconvert
according to the pH. Vitamin C is a water soluble vitamin, and is essential for growth and
development. Fruits and vegetables contain vitamin C, and some have more than others.
Since iodine reacts quickly with vitamin C, a color change will be seen after the iodine
has oxidized the entire vitamin C content. A color change is noted by a final reaction
with starch. The number of drops can, then, be calculated into an estimated
concentration of the amount of vitamin C.

Objectives
1. To measure the amount of vitamin C and the pH level in various samples of
orange.
2. To find the correlation between the amount of vitamin C and the pH level.

You will need

1. Ascorbic acid solution as the basic standard (Plastic test jar A)
2. Commercial orange juice (Plastic test jar B)
3. Lemon water (Plastic test jar C)
4. Half fresh orange inside plastic test jar D,
5. Starch solution (Plastic test jar E)
6. Iodine (Plastic test jar F)
7. Plastic test jar G
8. 4 glass test tubes, with the following label; A, B, C, D. The test tubes have already
9. marked for volumes equal to 4 ml.
10. Pipettes
11. 4 pH indicator sticks
12. pH color standard

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IMSO 2014 Bali, Indonesia
October, 5th —11th 2014
What to do
1. Using the pH indicator stick, measure the pH level of samples in plastic test jar A, B,
and C, by dipping it into the liquid sample and observing the color that appears.
For an indicator, you can only see where its range is based on pH color standard.
Write down the results into the table on the answer sheet.
2. Add to the plastic test jar G, 10 drops of the starch solution from plastic test jar E
by pipette. Then, using the other pipette, add iodine drop by drop, and shake
gently until the color changes to the shade of blue-black. Set this plastic jar aside
as a positive control for later comparison.
3. Pour the Ascorbic acid solution (in plastic test jar A) to the mark indicated in Test
Tube A. Add 20 drops of the starch solution. Using the other pipette, then, add
iodine drop by drop and shake gently until the color changes to the shade of blue-
black. Note the number of drops when the color changes (You will use the data as
the standard)
4. Pour the commercial orange juice to the mark indicated in Test Tube B. Add 20
drops of the starch solution. Then, using the other pipette, add the iodine drop by
drop, and shake gently until the color changes to blue-black. Note the number of
drops when the color changes.
5. Repeat of step 4 for Test Tube C (lemon water).
6. To get the orange juice from the fresh oranges, squeeze the fruit and the juice out
of the oranges into the plastic test jar D.
7. Using the pH indicator stick, measure the pH level of samples in plastic test jar D
with the same procedure as step 1.
8. Pick out the seeds, before pour into the Test Tube D. Repeat of step 4 for Test
Tube D (fresh orange juice).
9. Calculate the vitamin C concentrations in all of the solutions using the following
formula:

Number of iodine drops in the sample solutions The concentration in milligram per
= milliliter (mg/ml)
Number of iodine drops in ascorbic acid solution

Use this as an example:

It took 44 drops of iodine solution to change the color of vitamin C solution. It took

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IMSO 2014 Bali, Indonesia
October, 5th —11th 2014

12 rops of iodine solution to change the color of the juice.

Vitamin C in the juice = 12/44, Vitamin C in the juice = 0,272 mg/ml
10. Write down the vitamin C concentration into the table on the answer sheet
(8 points)

Questions:
1. Which sample has the highest pH level? Explain your answer! (1.5 points)
2. Which sample contains the lowest concentration of vitamin C? Explain your
answer! (1.5 points)
3. Based on your experiment results, explain the correlation between vitamin C and
pH level of your sample solutions! (2 points)
4. Vitamin C should be consumed every day. The average dose required for adults is
60-90 mg/day. How many milliliters of commercial orange juice (Test Tube B)
must be consumed by adults, according to your data? (3points)
5. Draw the diagram showing the correlation between the pH level and vitamin C
concentration! (4 points)

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IMSO 2014 Bali, Indonesia
October, 5th —11th 2014

Experiment 2
Play with Springiness Oscillations
Introduction:
There are so many matters that could be able to do oscillatory motion. Oscillation
is base of wave motion. Every wave motion must be had oscillatory motion. However,
not every oscillatory motion to be a wave motion. A spring able to do oscillatory motion.
The motion could be made in either horizontally or vertically motion. In this experiment
you are going to observing the vertically oscillatory motion of spring to avoid friction
forces from floor. We neglect all air resistance.
A ball is connected to a light spring suspended vertically, as shown in Figure 1.
When displaced downward from its equilibrium position and released, the ball
oscillates up and down. The frequency of oscillation will be affected by mass of ball and
how the degree of spring stiffness. Mathematically, it can be formulated as:

Figure 1

1 k m
f  or T 2  4 2 (1)
2 m k

where f is the frequency of oscillation, T is the period of oscillation (T= 1/f ), k is the
spring constant and m is a mass of load. The value of k is a measure of the stiffness of the
spring. Stiff springs have large k values, and soft springs have small k values. The
stiffness of the spring is also associated with number of turns.
The physics experiment test is divided into two parts. In this experiment, you
will use the springs provided to observe the oscillatory motion to measure some
oscillation parameters which are to determine the unknown mass of a material and to
determine the spring constant, k.

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IMSO 2014 Bali, Indonesia
October, 5th —11th 2014
Materials and Provided Apparatus:
1. Springs (with N = 30, 40, 50, and 80 turns)
2. Retort Stand and clamp
3. Stopwatch
4. A hunger of load
5. Masses (3 pieces of plastic mass each 2 g)
6. A 30 cm ruler

Part 1: To determine mass of matter

In this part, you use 4 different springs and only mass of hunger, without the other mass
of plastics. Period of spring oscillations are varied by using the number of spring coils.

Set-Up:

Clamp

Spring

Retort Stand

Mass

Hunger of Load

Spring Ruler

Stopwatch

Figure 2

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IMSO 2014 Bali, Indonesia
October, 5th —11th 2014
Procedure:
1. Suspend a spring vertically on the retort stand and clamp as shown in Figure 2.
2. Hung an unknown mass of hunger, M, at the end of spring.
3. Initiate the motion of mass by pulling the hunger from equilibrium and releasing it
from rest. Observe oscillatory motion that happened.
4. Measure the duration for 20 oscillations by using stopwatch. Calculate the period
of oscillation.
5. Repeat the step 1 until step 4 for the other spring.
6. Plot your 4 data in provided millimeter block paper to make a curve of square
period of oscillation, T2, versus number of spring coils, N.
7. Make a straight line.

Questions:

100
1. If we get the value N is equal to 100/k, N  , from equation (1) and your curve,
k
calculate the mass of unknown hunger! (6 points)

2. According to your experiment, what is the correlation between the stiffness

springs and the number of coils? (2 points)

3. In the system of the ball, the spring, and the Earth, what forms of energy are there
during the motion? (2 points)

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IMSO 2014 Bali, Indonesia
October, 5th —11th 2014
Part 2: To determine the spring constant, k
The instrument set up is similar to the Part 1.

Procedure:
1. In this part, use only spring of N = 80 turns.
2. Use your result of mass of hunger in Experiment 1 to determine the constant of
spring of 80 turns.
3. Do not use Hoke’s Law to determine the constant of spring!
4. Suspend a spring of 80 turns vertically on the retort stand and clamp as shown in
Figure 2.
8. Hung the calculated mass of hunger, M, at the end of spring.
9. Initiate the motion of mass by pulling the hunger from equilibrium condition and
releasing it from rest. Observe oscillatory motion that happened.
10. Measure the duration for 20 oscillations by using stopwatch. Calculate the period of
oscillation.
11. Add the mass of load by putting a piece of plastic of 2 g into the hunger. The mass of
load now is m.
12. Repeat the step 9 until step 11 for the other two remain pieces of plastic.
13. Plot your data in provided millimeter block paper to make a curve of square period
of oscillation, T2, versus mass of load, m.
14. Make a straight line.

Questions:

4. According to equation (1) and from your linear curve, calculate the spring constant
of 80 coils! (6 points)

5. In the system of the ball, and the spring, what forms of energy are there during the
motion? (2 points)

6. According to your experiment, what is the correlation between the stiffness springs
and the mass of load? (2 points)

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