Advanced

Aerodynamics
Lecture 4: Wing aerodynamics

Ive$e Rodríguez
[email protected]

ADVANCED AERODYNAMICS COURSE TUAREG -Turbulence and Aerodynamics Research Group

 Contents
- Aerodynamic forces
- Airfoil geometry
- Airfoil boundary layer

ADVANCED AERODYNAMICS COURSE TUAREG -Turbulence and Aerodynamics Research Group

 Aerodynamic forces

L - Li= force, perpendicular to the streamwise direcBon

D - Drag force, parallel to the flow

D = N sin ↵ + A cos ↵
<latexit sha1_base64="FH+MLg5DwV/sIy5uzkaQclll53Y=">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</latexit>
L = N cos ↵ A sin ↵
Source: Anderson

Pressure distribuBon Skin fricBon lines

ADVANCED AERODYNAMICS COURSE TUAREG -Turbulence and Aerodynamics Research Group

 Aerodynamic forces

Source: Anderson

Z Z
N= (pu cos ✓ + ⌧u sin ✓)dSu + (pl cos ✓ ⌧l sin ✓)dSl
Z Z
A= ( pu sin ✓ + ⌧u cos ✓)dSu + (pl sin ✓ + ⌧l cos ✓)dSl
<latexit sha1_base64="s76aII30azTtTxQm8mIn5UgCvsM=">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</latexit>

L D
CL = CD = 2 S
2 S
1/2⇢Uref ref <latexit sha1_base64="w1KAHST0T9whR+yaVsyDafYopA8=">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</latexit>
1/2⇢Uref ref
<latexit sha1_base64="f1uLlZiAaOXruL1BVMgx0QjqKMg=">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</latexit>

ADVANCED AERODYNAMICS COURSE TUAREG -Turbulence and Aerodynamics Research Group

 Aerodynamic forces

Pressure coefficient Skin fricBon coefficient

p pref ⌧w
Cp = 2 S Cf = 2
1/2⇢Uref ref
<latexit sha1_base64="NeW7t0Wdr3/oUceyFrzWbkxpzAU=">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</latexit>
1/2⇢Uref Sref
<latexit sha1_base64="xPgWR2eAwpRHppkN7aDqHhDLDfE=">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</latexit>

ADVANCED AERODYNAMICS COURSE TUAREG -Turbulence and Aerodynamics Research Group

 Airfoil geometry

ADVANCED AERODYNAMICS COURSE TUAREG -Turbulence and Aerodynamics Research Group

 Airfoil geometry

Source: INTRODUCTION TO THE AERODYNAMICS OF FLIGHT [NASA SP-367]

ADVANCED AERODYNAMICS COURSE TUAREG -Turbulence and Aerodynamics Research Group

 High li= devices
Trailing edge flap
The plain flap increases li= by increasing the airfoil camber.

ADVANCED AERODYNAMICS COURSE TUAREG -Turbulence and Aerodynamics Research Group

 High li= devices
Leading edge slat
A slat is a surface located on the leading edge of airplane wings. Its main purpose
is to allow wings to have a higher angle of a$ack value, which means a higher li=.
This is useful during takeoff, or landing. In normal flight, slats are
retracted to reduce drag

ADVANCED AERODYNAMICS COURSE TUAREG -Turbulence and Aerodynamics Research Group

 High li= devices
MulB-element wing Instantaneous flow

Average flow

A leading-edge device such as a slat, increases the stall angle of

attack, whereas a trailing edge device such as a flap, produces an
upward shift in the lift curve.
ADVANCED AERODYNAMICS COURSE TUAREG -Turbulence and Aerodynamics Research Group
 Types of stall

Source: Polhamus, E.C.: A Survey of Reynolds Number and Wing Geometry Effects on Li= CharacterisBcs in the Low Speed Stall Region, Technical Report (1996)

ADVANCED AERODYNAMICS COURSE TUAREG -Turbulence and Aerodynamics Research Group

 Types of stall

Leading-edge stall
AoA=4

AoA=8

AoA=11

AoA=14

ADVANCED AERODYNAMICS COURSE TUAREG -Turbulence and Aerodynamics Research Group

 Types of stall
Trailing-edge stall

AoA=4

AoA=14

ADVANCED AERODYNAMICS COURSE TUAREG -Turbulence and Aerodynamics Research Group

 Boundary layer

Z ✓ ◆
⇤
95
U
= 1 dy
0 Ue
Z ✓ ◆
95
U U
✓= 1 dy.
<latexit sha1_base64="28UR0HPSR5AcsmYW3ddeuyw37g4=">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</latexit>
0 Ue Ue

⇤
H=
<latexit sha1_base64="omSH6x5BPDPynnt4Hw7yA5Hp9H4=">AAAB+3icbVDLSsNQEL2pr1pfsS7dBIsgLmoigm6EopsuK9gHNLHc3EzaS28e3DsRS+ivuHGhiFt/xJ1/Y9Jmoa0HBg7nzDAzx40FV2ia31ppZXVtfaO8Wdna3tnd0/erHRUlkkGbRSKSPZcqEDyENnIU0Isl0MAV0HXHt7nffQSpeBTe4yQGJ6DDkPucUcykgV5tXtseCKQPp2c2jgBpZaDXzLo5g7FMrILUSIHWQP+yvYglAYTIBFWqb5kxOimVyJmAacVOFMSUjekQ+hkNaQDKSWe3T43jTPEMP5JZhWjM1N8TKQ2UmgRu1hlQHKlFLxf/8/oJ+ldOysM4QQjZfJGfCAMjIw/C8LgEhmKSEcokz2412IhKyjCLKw/BWnx5mXTO65ZZt+4uao2bIo4yOSRH5IRY5JI0SJO0SJsw8kSeySt506bai/aufcxbS1oxc0D+QPv8AZehk30=</latexit>
/✓

ADVANCED AERODYNAMICS COURSE TUAREG -Turbulence and Aerodynamics Research Group

 Boundary layer

Naca 4412 at Re=2e5-1e6

Sources:
Vinuesa, R. et al. (2018) ‘Turbulent boundary layers around wing sections up to Rec=1,000,000’, IJHFF 72,
Lehmkuhl, O., Lozano-Durán, A. and Rodríguez, I. (2020) ‘Active flow control for external aerodynamics :
from micro air vehicles to a full aircraft in stall’, Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1522, p. 012017.
doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/1522/1/012017.

ADVANCED AERODYNAMICS COURSE TUAREG -Turbulence and Aerodynamics Research Group

 Boundary layer

Naca 4412 at Re=2e5-1e6

x/C=0.8

x/C=0.9

Sources:
Vinuesa, R. et al. (2016) ‘On determining characterisBc length scales in pressure-gradient turbulent boundary layers’, Physics of Fluids, 28(5).
Vinuesa, R. et al. (2017) ‘Pressure-Gradient Turbulent Boundary Layers Developing Around a Wing SecBon’, Flow, Turbulence and CombusBon. Flow, Turbulence and CombusBon

ADVANCED AERODYNAMICS COURSE TUAREG -Turbulence and Aerodynamics Research Group

 Boundary layer

Naca 4412 at Re=2e5-1e6

Sources:
Vinuesa, R. et al. (2016) ‘On determining characterisBc length scales in pressure-gradient turbulent boundary
layers’, Physics of Fluids, 28(5).
Vinuesa, R. et al. (2017) ‘Pressure-Gradient Turbulent Boundary Layers Developing Around a Wing SecBon’,
Flow, Turbulence and CombusBon. Flow, Turbulence and CombusBon
ADVANCED AERODYNAMICS COURSE TUAREG -Turbulence and Aerodynamics Research Group
 Boundary layer
SD7003 Re=60000

AoA=4

AoA=11

AoA=14

Sources:
Rodriguez, I., Lehmkuhl, O. and Borrell, R. (2020) ‘Effect of the Actuation on the Boundary Layer of an Airfoil at Reynolds Number Re=60000’, Flow, Turbulence and Combustion. 105
Lehmkuhl, O., Lozano-Durán, A. and Rodríguez, I. (2020) ‘Active flow control for external aerodynamics : from micro air vehicles to a full aircraft in stall’, Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1522, p.
012017.
ADVANCED AERODYNAMICS COURSE TUAREG -Turbulence and Aerodynamics Research Group
 Boundary layer development
SD7003 AoA=4

Sources:
Rodriguez, I., Lehmkuhl, O. and Borrell, R. (2020) ‘Effect of the Actuation on the Boundary Layer of an Airfoil at Reynolds Number Re=60000’, Flow, Turbulence and Combustion. 105

ADVANCED AERODYNAMICS COURSE TUAREG -Turbulence and Aerodynamics Research Group

 Boundary layer development
Shape factor

Sources:
Rodriguez, I., Lehmkuhl, O. and Borrell, R. (2020) ‘Effect of the Actuation on the Boundary Layer of an Airfoil at Reynolds Number Re=60000’, Flow, Turbulence and Combustion. 105

ADVANCED AERODYNAMICS COURSE TUAREG -Turbulence and Aerodynamics Research Group

 Boundary layer

Hands on
Download the Matlab files VelAero50.mat and VelAero95.mat from ATENEA

- Load the file

- Plot the velocity profile V vs. Y
- Evaluate 95 , ⇤ , ✓, H
<latexit sha1_base64="wniay1YlNb67Vo+HwvjHVRaZ6bE=">AAACCnicbZDLSgMxFIYzXmu9VV26iRZBpJQZUdRd0U2XFewF2rFk0tM2NHMhOSOUoWs3voobF4q49Qnc+Tam7Sy09YfAl/+cQ3J+L5JCo21/WwuLS8srq5m17PrG5tZ2bme3psNYcajyUIaq4TENUgRQRYESGpEC5nsS6t7gZlyvP4DSIgzucBiB67NeILqCMzRWO3fQ6oBE1k6uzkcFOr3cnxjCPiAr0HK2ncvbRXsiOg9OCnmSqtLOfbU6IY99CJBLpnXTsSN0E6ZQcAmjbCvWEDE+YD1oGgyYD9pNJquM6JFxOrQbKnMCpBP390TCfK2Hvmc6fYZ9PVsbm//VmjF2L91EBFGMEPDpQ91YUgzpOBfaEQo4yqEBxpUwf6W8zxTjaNIbh+DMrjwPtdOiYxed27N86TqNI0P2ySE5Jg65ICVSJhVSJZw8kmfySt6sJ+vFerc+pq0LVjqzR/7I+vwBUdSYtg==</latexit>

HINT: Determine Uedge as 95% of the maximum velocity, δ95 is the distance from the
surface to the locaBon where V=Uedge

ADVANCED AERODYNAMICS COURSE TUAREG -Turbulence and Aerodynamics Research Group