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Introduction To Botany PDF

The document provides an overview of a General Botany course at Aklan State University in the Philippines, including the course description, learning objectives, and modules covering topics like the definition of botany, characteristics that distinguish plants from other organisms, levels of biological organization in plants, and how plants grow, develop, reproduce, respond to stimuli, and undergo genetic changes. The modules also include activities asking students to identify plant adaptations and plant species used in their households.

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Ej Ferrer
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117 views

Introduction To Botany PDF

The document provides an overview of a General Botany course at Aklan State University in the Philippines, including the course description, learning objectives, and modules covering topics like the definition of botany, characteristics that distinguish plants from other organisms, levels of biological organization in plants, and how plants grow, develop, reproduce, respond to stimuli, and undergo genetic changes. The modules also include activities asking students to identify plant adaptations and plant species used in their households.

Uploaded by

Ej Ferrer
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Republic of the Philippines

Aklan State University


School/College of Arts and Sciences
Banga, Aklan

Vision: An Academic Pillar of Excellence (APEx) for Sustainable Development

Mission: Aklan State University is committed to offer degree and non-degree curricular
in agriculture, forestry, arts and sciences, engineering and technology, education
and veterinary medicine to produce globally competent professionals, leaders and
entrepreneurs through technological breakthroughs in research, efficacy of
extension, and efficiency in production.

FCGB - General Botany

Prerequisites: none

Course credit: 5 units

Course Description: The course provides an introduction to the classification,


relationships, structures, and function of plants. Topics include reproduction and
development of seed and non-seed plants, levels of organization, form and functions of
systems, and a survey of major taxa. The laboratory exercises are coordinated with
lecture topics and may include field exercises.
Module 1
lecture and laboratory

General Botany:
An Introduction
Prepared by:
Cherry R. Lariosa
Instructor

Photo Source: https://www.dreamstime.com/herbal-botanical-background-botany-decorative-flat-lay-composition-space-text-image119105988

Learning Objectives

By the end of the lecture, the students must be able to:


 describe the field of botany
 summarize and discuss the features of plants that distinguish them from nonliving things

Botany
Encompasses the origin, diversity, structure, and internal processes of plants as well as
their relationships with biotic and abiotic organisms.

The scientific study of plants, including their physiology, structure, genetics, ecology,
distribution, classification, and economic importance.
Based on your own understanding, answer the following:

What is a plant?
Plant is one of our main source of life, they produce oxygen that give us clean air supply to breath, they also clean the water by absorbing
Carbon Dioxide, they give us food and also keeps the animal alive and in terms of medicine they are the most important. In short, plants
is essential to us who are living among earth..

How do you distinguish plants from animals?


Plants are far more different than animals, without plants there will be no existing animals in this world, because of the fact that plants is
their first source of energy. On the other hand, animals only eat what the plants produce which is the energy. When it comes to the food
chain, plants comes first, they produce energy for herbivores or omnivores which are eaten by carnivores who are at the top of the chain
and that energy little by little is being passed down from one animal to another. Finally, they die and continue the cycle.

What are the benefits of plants in your everyday life?


Plants give me a sense of relief, I mean, I prefer being surrounded by nature over industrial buildings and cities. They are one of our sources of medicine,
plant fibers to produce clothes, healthy food to eat, clean water to drink and above all they produce oxygen for me to breath.

Plants and People

Plants produce various organic chemicals which have significant contribution in


pharmaceutical industry.

Most people rely on plants for food and in making our food taste better.

People were dependent upon plants for fibers and building materials before synthetic
products were produced.

Protects people and other organisms during calamities in terrestrial or coastal areas.

Aesthetic purposes that provides sense of relief in the environment.

In history, the spices were an important commodity globally which attracted different
races to colonize other states, including the Philippines.

Today, spices and herbs are grown, packaged, priced, and easily distributed wherein
nearly everyone can afford a well-stocked spice shelf.
Identify these spices which are used globally from temperate to tropical countries. Which spices
are you most familiar with?

Photo Source: Barry Wong

Characteristics of Plants

Plants are highly organized

An atom is the smallest particle of an element that possesses the properties of


that element. Atoms combine chemically by forming bonds to produce molecules.
A molecule can be composed of two or more atoms of a single element or different
elements. Molecules, in turn, may be organized into macromolecules.
Macromolecule is a large biological molecules such as proteins and nucleic acids.
Macromolecules associate with one another to form compartments called organelles
within cells.
Organelles associate to form the cell.
Cells are organized into tissues.
Tissues are organized into organs which are the functional units that perform
specific roles.
Organs make up the plant organisms.
Biological organization at ecological level:

Population: groups of members of the same species that live together in the same area
at the same time
Community: all the populations of different organisms that live and interact within
an area
Ecosystem: a community together with its nonliving environment

Photo source: Doterra.com

Levels of biological organization from atoms to ecosystem


Plants take in and use energy

Plants perform photosynthesis, wherein radiant energy from the environment is


converted to chemical energy that are manufactured from carbon dioxide and water and
produces oxygen. Cellular respiration is a process which energy of organic molecules is
released for biological work.
The energy can be transferred from one organism to another.

Plants respond to stimuli

Stimuli to which plants respond include changes in


the direction, color, or luminosity of light; in temperature or
in the orientation toward gravity; and in the chemical
composition of the surrounding soil, air, or water.

Photo source: Berg, 2008

Plants grow and develop


Growth is a part of development, which includes all the changes in a plant or other
organism from the start of its life through its juvenile and mature stage to its death.
Growth in plants results from both an increase in the number of cells and an
increase in the size of cells.

Photo source: Bezvershenko


Plants reproduce

Reproduction, the formation of a new


individual by sexual or asexual means, is the
most distinctive characteristic of life.
Asexual reproduction does not involve
the union of gametes; while sexual reproduction
in plants involves the union of gametes that may
or may not come from two separate individuals.

Photo source: Doterra.com

Plants undergo genetic changes

Every organism contains many interdependent adaptations that help it survive in


the particular environment.
Adaptations are characteristics
that enable an organism to better survive
in a certain environment. Adaptations
may involve changes in structure, form,
or function.
Evolution is the process by which
organisms adapt to their environment
over time, and is the genetic change in
a population of organisms from
generation to generation. Evolutionary
processes typically require long periods
Photo source: Dashorst
of time and occur over many generations.

Plant DNA transmits information

Information encoded in the DNA of plants is transmitted from one generation to the
next during the process of reproduction.
Activity 1
Identify what plant species have adapted to these different conditions.

freshwater anoxic soils estuarine


environment environment

 Water Lilies   Mangroves
 Algae   Cord Grass

 Duckweed  Eel Grass

extreme heat marine environment aerial environment


conditions
 Sea Anemones  Tiilandsia ionantha
 Prickly Pear Cacti  Seaweed  Tillandsia caout-medusa
Tillandsia andreana
 Barrel Cactus  Marsh Grasses

 Organ Pipe Cactus

Activity 2
Take photo or draw five plant species that are regularly used/consumed in your
household. Describe each and provide what their uses are.

Plant species: Plant species:


Description: Description:

Uses: Uses:
Plant species: Plant species: Plant species:
Description: Description: Description:

Uses: Uses: Uses:

Reference:
Berg, L. 2008. Introduction to Botany. Plants, People, and the Environment. Second
Edition. ISBN-13: 978-0-534-46669-5

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