Department of Electrical Engineering

EE351: Electrical Machines - Lab Manual

Course Instructor: Dr. Syed Abdul Rehman Kashif Dated: 23-10-2020

Lab Engineer: Asif Ali Semester: 5th

Lab 4. Three Phase Transformer Connection & Operations

Obtained Total Marks

Viva Marks
Name Roll No Marks
(5) (15)
(10)

SHARON SAMSON BSEE18050

Checked on: ________________________________

Signature: __________________________________
 Introduction
In this lab students will be study the three phase transformer system. The three phase
electric power is a common method of alternating current, electric power generation,
transmission and distribution. It is a type of polyphaser system and is the most common
method used by electrical grids worldwide to transfer power. It is also used to power large
motors and other heavy loads.
A three-wire three-phase circuit is usually more economical than an equivalent two-wire
single phase circuit at the same line to ground voltage because it uses less conductor
material to transmit a given amount of electrical power.
Objective
1. To learn how to appropriately model three-phase transformers and transformer banks.
2. To understand phase relationship in Y- connection.
3. To understand and master the connection of three phase transformer banks.

Equipment and component

1. Multisim Software and LVSIM Software
2. Three Phase Transformer
3. Resistive and Inductive Load
4. Multimeter
Conduct of Lab
1. Students are required to perform this experiment individual.
2. In case the lab experiment is not understood, the students are advised to seek help
from the course instructor, lab engineer and assigned teaching assistants (TA).
Theory and Background
There are four common ways of connecting transformer windings to form a three-phase
transformer are: delta-delta, wye-wye, delta-wye, and wye-delta, as shown in Figure 4-1
and Figure 4-2.In order to set up a wye connection, first connect the three components
(windings) together at a common point for interconnection with the neutral wire, then
connect the other end of each component in turn to the three line wires. To set up a delta
connection, connect the first component in series with the second, the second in series
with the third, and the third in series with the first to close the delta loop. The three line
wires are then separately connected to each of the junction nodes in the delta loop.

Figure 4-1: Delta-Delta & Wye-Wye connections [1]

 Figure 4-2: Delta-Wye & Wye-Delta connections [1]

Before a three-phase transformer is put into service, the phase relationships must be
verified. For a wye configuration, the line voltages at the secondary windings must all
be /3 times greater than the corresponding phase voltages. If not, winding connections
must be reversed. To verify that phase relationships are correct for a wye configuration,
the voltage between two windings (EAB) is measured as shown in Figure 4-3(a) to
confirm that it is /3 times greater than the line-to-neutral voltage across either winding
(for example EAN). The voltages between the third winding and the others (EBC and
ECA) are then measured to confirm that they are also /3 times greater than the phase
voltage (EAN), as shown in Figure 4-3(b).

Figure 4-3: Phase relationship in Wye connection [1]

For a delta configuration, the line voltages at the secondary windings must all be equal.
If not, winding connections must be reversed. To verify that phase relationships are
correct for a delta configuration, the voltage across two series connected windings
(ECA) is measured as shown in Figure 4-4(a) to confirm that it equals the voltage across
either winding (EAB and EBC). The third winding is then connected in series, and the
voltage across the series combination of the three windings is measured to confirm that
it is zero before the delta is closed, as shown in Figure 4-4(b). This is extremely
important for a delta configuration, because a very high short-circuit current will flow
if the voltage within the delta is not equal to zero when it is closed.
 Figure 4-4: Delta voltage equals to zero [1]

Procedure
1. Connect the Three-Phase Transformer module in the delta (source)-Wye (load)
configuration shown in Figure 4-5. [2 marks]

Figure 4-5: Delta configuration source with Wye resistive load [1]

2. Use meter input to measure the voltages and record the results. After recording the
measurements.
[6 marks]
𝐸1−2=___400V___ 𝐸1−6=___0V___ 𝐸1−3=___400V___
𝐸3−5 =___400V___ 𝐸3−4 =___400V___ 𝐸3−6 =___400V___

𝐸𝑅1 =____400.01V____ 𝐸𝑅2 =____400.02V____ 𝐸𝑅3 =____400.03V____

3. Is the sum of the three line voltages indicated by the meter 𝐸𝑅1 +𝐸𝑅2 + 𝐸𝑅3
approximately equal to zero? [2 marks]
a. Yes √b. No
4. Measure the currents, voltage and power in each phase on the secondary side of the
transformer? [10 marks]

Quantity Value Units

𝐼𝑅𝐴 4 A
𝐼𝑅𝐵 800 mA
𝐼𝑅𝐶 40 A
𝑉𝑅𝐴 400 V
𝑉𝑅𝐵 400 V
𝑉𝑅𝐶 400 V
𝑃𝑅𝐴 1.6 kW
𝑃𝑅𝐵 0.32 kW
𝑃𝑅𝐶 16 kW
𝑃𝑇 17.92 kW

5. Connect the Three-Phase Transformer module in the wye-wye configuration shown in

Figure 4-6. [2 marks]

Figure 4-6: Three Phase Transformer connected in Wye configuration [1]

𝑬𝑺 (V) 𝑹𝟏 (Ω) 𝑹𝟐 (Ω) 𝑹𝟑 (Ω)

220 1100 Plus 2200 Plus 4400 Plus

your your your
Registration Registration Registration
ID last two ID last two ID last two
digits digits digits
6. Measure the voltages. [09 marks]
𝐸1−2=___219.98___ 𝐸1−6=___219.99___ 𝐸1−3=___381.34___
𝐸3−5 =___381.04___ 𝐸3−4 =___219.99___ 𝐸3−6 =___219.99___

𝐸𝑅1 =___219.99____ 𝐸𝑅2 =___219.99___ 𝐸𝑅3 =___219.99____

7. Is the sum of the three phase voltages indicated by the meter 𝐸𝑅1 +𝐸𝑅2 + 𝐸𝑅3
approximately equal to zero? [2 marks]
a. Yes b. No

8. Measure the currents, voltage and power in each phase on the secondary side of the
transformer? [2 marks]

Quantity Value Units

𝐼𝑅𝐴 191.302 mA
𝐼𝑅𝐵 97.7 mA
𝐼𝑅𝐶 49.43 mA
𝑉𝑅𝐴 219.99 V
𝑉𝑅𝐵 219.98 V
𝑉𝑅𝐶 219.99 V
𝑃𝑅𝐴 42.3 W
𝑃𝑅𝐵 21.55 W
𝑃𝑅𝐶 10.97 W
𝑃𝑇 74.82 W

9. Repeat all the steps from point 1 to point 8 in the LVVL simulation software and
attached screen shots of all the tasks you perform in the LVVL software.
10. Connect the Three-Phase Transformer module in the delta (source)-Wye (load) and
paste its screen shot here. [2 marks]
11. Use meter input to measure the voltages and record the results. After recording the
measurements.
[6 marks]
𝐸1−2=___228.9____ 𝐸1−6=___0____ 𝐸1−3=___228.9____
𝐸3−5 =___396.9____ 𝐸3−4 =____396.9____ 𝐸3−6 =___229.0____

𝐸𝑅1 =___219.6___ 𝐸𝑅2 =___387.1___ 𝐸𝑅3 =___226.8___

12. Is the sum of the three line voltages indicated by the meter 𝐸𝑅1 +𝐸𝑅2 + 𝐸𝑅3
approximately equal to zero? [2 marks]
a. Yes b. No
13. Measure the currents, voltage and power in each phase on the secondary side of the
transformer? [10 marks]

Quantity Value Units

𝐼𝑅𝐴 0.204 A
𝐼𝑅𝐵 0.184 A
𝐼𝑅𝐶 0.056 A
𝑉𝑅𝐴 219.6 V
𝑉𝑅𝐵 387.1 V
𝑉𝑅𝐶 226.8 V
𝑃𝑅𝐴 44.79 W
𝑃𝑅𝐵 71.22 W
𝑃𝑅𝐶 12.70 W
𝑃𝑇 128.71 W

14. Connect the Three-Phase Transformer module in the wye-wye configuration and paste
here screen shot. [2 marks]
 𝑬𝑺 (V) 𝑹𝟏 (Ω) 𝑹𝟐 (Ω) 𝑹𝟑 (Ω)

220 1100 2200 4400

15. Use meter input to measure the voltages and record the results. After recording the
measurements.
[6 marks]
𝐸1−2=___230_____ 𝐸1−6=____230____ 𝐸1−3=____398.3____
𝐸3−5 =___398.2_____ 𝐸3−4 =____230____ 𝐸3−6 =___229.9_____

𝐸𝑅1 =____219.4____ 𝐸𝑅2 =____223.6____ 𝐸𝑅3 =____225.7____

16. Is the sum of the three line voltages indicated by the meter 𝐸𝑅1 +𝐸𝑅2 + 𝐸𝑅3
approximately equal to zero? [2 marks]

a. Yes b. No

17. Measure the currents, voltage and power in each phase on the secondary side of the
transformer? [10 marks]

Quantity Value Units

𝐼𝑅𝐴 0.204 A
𝐼𝑅𝐵 0.106 A
𝐼𝑅𝐶 0.056 A
𝑉𝑅𝐴 219.4 V
𝑉𝑅𝐵 223.6 V
𝑉𝑅𝐶 225.7 V
𝑃𝑅𝐴 44.75 W
𝑃𝑅𝐵 23.70 W
𝑃𝑅𝐶 12.64 W
𝑃𝑇 81.09 W
 Analysis
1. Describe the difference between delta and wye transformer? [2 marks]
In delta-wye transformer primary side is of delta connection and load which is secondary
side is in wye connection.

2. Difference between single phase and three phase transformer? [2 marks]

Single phase transformer contains two coils, one on the primary side, and another one on the
secondary side, while three phase transformer contains six coils, three for primary side, and
another three coils for the secondary side.

3. Difference between autotransformer and three phase transformer? [2 marks]

The autotransformer has only one winding. Thus, less conductor is required for winding as
compared to the three phase transformer. Three phase transformer has separate winding for
primary and secondary side, also it has six coils thus quantity of conductor is more as
compared to autotransformer.

4. Applications of three phase transformer? [2 marks]

Three phase transformer is used to transmit and distribute electricity. It can either be used as
a step up transformer or step down transformer. In transmission usually step up three phase
transformer is used to lower the voltage loss and in distribution step down three phase
transformer is used to lower the voltage for daily usage.
 Assessment Rubrics for EE351: Electrical Machines
Outcomes Assessed:
a. Ability to conduct experiments as well as to analyze and interpret data.
b. Ability to function in a team and adhere to rules and guidelines.
c. Ability to use the techniques, skills and modern engineering tools necessary for engineering
practice.
Does not meet expectation
Performance Exceeds expectation (5-4) Meets expectation (3-2) Marks
(1)
Selects relevant equipment Needs guidance to Incapable of selecting
to the experiment, select relevant relevant equipment to
develops setup diagrams equipment to the conduct the experiment,
Realization of
of equipment connections experiment and to equipment connection or
experiment (a)
or wiring. develop equipment wiring diagrams are
connection or wiring
diagrams.
Actively engages and Cooperates with other Distracts or discourages
cooperates with other group members in a other group members from
Teamwork (b)
group members in an reasonable manner. conducting the
effective manner. experiment.
Does proper calibration of Calibrates equipment, Unable to calibrate
equipment, carefully examines equipment appropriate equipment,
Conducting
examines equipment moving parts, and and equipment operation is
experiment (a,
moving parts, and ensures operates the equipment substantially wrong.
c)
smooth operation and with minor error.
process.
Laboratory Respectfully and carefully Observes safety rules Disregards safety rules and
safety and observes safety rules and and procedures with procedures.
disciplinary procedures minor deviation.
rules (b)
Plans data collection to Plans data collection to Does not know how to
achieve experimental achieve experimental plan data collection to
Data collection objectives, and conducts objectives, and collects achieve experimental
(c) an orderly and a complete complete data with goals; data collected is
data collection. minor error. incomplete and contain
errors.
Accurately conducts Conducts simple Unable to conduct simple
simple computations and computations and statistical analysis on
statistical analysis using statistical analysis collected data; no attempt
collected data; correlates using collected data to correlate experimental
experimental results to with minor error; results with known
known theoretical values; reasonably correlates theoretical values;
Data analysis accounts for measurement experimental results to incapable of explaining
(a, c) errors and parameters that known theoretical measurement errors or
affect experimental values; attempts to parameters that affect the
results. account for experimental results.
measurement errors
and parameters that
affect experimental
results.
Uses computer to collect Uses computer to Does not know how to use
Computer use
and analyze data collect and analyze data computer to collect and
(c)
effectively. with minor error. analyze data.
Total
Lab Engineer: Faculty:
Name: ___________________________ Name: ___________________________
Signature: ________________________ Signature: ________________________
Date: ____________________________ Date: ____________________________